PA 






- 



*M. m 



-Iv'iiV 



■ 



■ 









1 






■M:'> 













#•< 




Pass TA^? 5£ 
Book_^Z. 



^_ 



VIRGILIAN HOURS, 



THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORDS OF THE iENEID, 



EXCLUSIVE GENERALLY OF PROPER NAMES. 




BY THE 



REV. FT ET Y. V A L P Y, M. A., 



RECTOR OP GARVESTON, NORFOLK, 
AND FORMERLY HEAD MASTER OF READING SCHOOL 




LONDON : 
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, 

PATERNOSTET>ROW. 



c a 






Works by the same Author ; and published by Messrs, L ONGMAN fy Co., London. 



THE THIRD GREEK DELECTUS; or, New Analecta Majora: with English 

Notes. 8vo. 15s. 6d. 

Separately : Part I. Prose. 8s. 6d. 
Part II. Poetry. 9s. 6d. 

THE SECOND GREEK DELECTUS; or, New Analecta Minora: with English 
Notes, and a copious Greek and English Lexicon. New Edition. 8vo. 9s. 6c?. 

GREEK EXERCISES ; being an Introduction to Greek Composition : leading the 
Student from the Elements of Grammar to the higher parts of Syntax ; with a Greek- English 
Lexicon, Specimens of the Greek Dialects, and the Critical Canons of Dawes and Porson. New 
Edition. 12mo. 6s. 6d. 
The KEY is published, price 3s. 

THE SECOND LATIN DELECTUS: with English Notes. New edition. 8vo. 6s. 

ELECTA EX OVIDIO ET TIBULLO ; cum Notis Anglicis. New edition. 4s. 6d. 
The Selection is the same as that used at Eton, with the addition of short English Notes. 

EPITOME SACR^E HISTORIC: with English Notes. 18mo. 2s. Seventh 
Edition. 



Also by the same Author, and published by J. Hatchard and Son, Piccadilly. 

THE COURSE OF NATURE UROEli, ON PRINCIPLES OF ANALOGY, in 

vindication of Particular Texts of Scripture from Sceptical Objections. In Sixty Sections. 12mo. 5s. 
This is intended as a practical Illustration of Bp. Butler's celebrated work on the Analogy of Natural 
and Revealed Religion. 



Spottiswoodes and Shaw, 
New- Street- Square. 



PREFACE 



The time seems to be come, when, in consequence of the attempts made in various 
ages by the learned and the ingenious, we may be able to offer a fair and reasonable 
account of the origin of the Latin language from the Greek. Out of the whole iEneid 
there is scarcely one word, if we exclude such as are in their very nature of other 
extraction, which we may not reasonably trace to the Greek. This I consider a great 
conquest, a great trophy of learning and ingenuity. 

At the same time I am well aware that this statement will be received with scep- 
ticism, if not with derision, by some on the one hand who refer the Latin to the Asiatic 
languages, the Hebrew, the Syriac, the Sanskrit ; and by others on the other hand who 
refer it to the Northern languages, the Celtic, the Gaelic, the Armoric, the Teutonic or 
the Sclavonic. No doubt the field is open to every one for conjecture : I request only 
a fair, patient attention. Of this I am certain, that the Celtic and Armoric, and even 
the Sanskrit identities, are very often nothing but Latin itself, pura puta Latina vox. 
Thus the Armoric Pirgrin and Relizhon must be corruptions of Peregrinus and Reli- 
gionis, the Cornish Paun of Pavonis, and the German Ente of Anatis : and not vice 
versa. So the Northern Recht, Richt, Right, are from the Latin Rectus, and not vice 
versa. The derivations too, immediately from the Hebrew, I view as extremely suspi- 
cious, although I am not indisposed to allow much weight to a remark made in a letter 
by an able Scholar who writes to me as follows : " May it not be perfectly true that the 
Latin comes immediately from the Greek, and yet that the Greek etymologies are 
traceable to an Asiatic or other source ? Take, for example," adds this learned Divine, 
" your second word Virum. Doubtless it is quite correct to say as you do that Vir or 
Flp is the iEolic form of tc, but may it not be also said that this word tg is from the 
Hebrew AISH ? " With Greek words however I have seldom ventured to interfere, as 
they are a separate subject of investigation, and alien from that which I have in view 
in these pages. 

But here I should wish to reply to one or two objections which may be made. It 
may be said, See how fanciful are many of these derivations ! Who can place any 
confidence in them ! The best answer to this is to refer to some etymologies which are 
acknowledged by every one. In Triumphus from Qpiafi^og there are three changes : 
into T, A into U, B into PH. Y"et who doubts the truth of this etymology ? In 
Formica also from Mvp/xrjKa through the .ZEolic Bvp/xriica are avowedly three changes. 
Vulgus is allowed by all to flow from "O^Ao?, through the digammated Fo^Xoc and by 
transposition VoXxog : Viscus from 'I£oe, the iEolic FtEoc, Vicsus, by transposition 
Viscus : Vinum from Qlvog, the JEolic Yoivog : Folium from $uA\oj', where the Y 

A 2 



IV PREFACE. 

becomes 0, and the second A becomes I. Even in the very clearest words of agreement 
there are undoubted changes, and these should lead us to expect them everywhere: 
Genu from Tow, Canis from Kvvoc, Forma from Mop0a, Fera from Qfjpa, Fur from 
$ov|0> Mola from MvXrj, Ulcus from"EAKO£, Imbris from "OjxGpoQ, Cinis from Kovic, Fallo 
from 20d\Xw, Ab from 'A7r', Lupus from Avkoq, Vespera from 'Eanepa, Super from 
ICvip ; these, and numerous others, evince the universal change which took place. And 
so it happened when the Latin itself was corrupted. Who would think that the French 
Conge is from Commeatus, and Singe from Simia? Yet they are both true. His 
oculis vidi the Latin Commeatus written in the low Latin Comiatus, which (as Donne 
from Donatus,) became Comie, Comje, Conge. And, as Rosa is in French Rose, so 
Simia or Simja became Simje or Singe. So the French have also Boutique from 
Apotheca, Oncle from Avunculus, Ouir from Audire, Maison from Mansione, Toi from 
Tibi, Moi from Mihi, Roi from Rege, Loi from Lege, Dieu from Deo, Lieu from Loco, 
Feu from Foco, Jeu from Joco, CEil from Oculo, Doigt from Digito, and a thousand 
other changes. Trace the Italian and the Spanish, and you will see vast changes there 
also. In our own language how great are the acknowledged changes ! Thus there 
are no less than three in Bishop from Episcopus. Observe Alms from 'EXt^^oo-vvr/, 
Devil from Diabolus, Church from KvpiciKj), Ostler from Hospitaler, and a hundred 
others. I conclude then, that, because changes may appear fanciful, there requires 
something better than mere declamation to prove them false. The fact remains of 
great alterations having taken place in the formation of new languages on the breaking 
up of old ones. This indeed may fairly be required of an etymological Writer, that he 
should justify any changes of letters he proposes, by clear and palpable examples : and 
this I trust I have done. 

Again, it may be asked, How can four or five different accounts of the etymology 
of the same word be agreeable to truth or to the fact ? Yet, as certainty is not usually 
^attainable by man, it is sometimes not easy to determine ex cathedra, in cases of differ- 
ence of opinion, as to what derivation should unhesitatingly be adopted. And, if an 
Author has formed his own judgment, he cannot suppose that his Readers must always 
see with his eyes, or be satisfied with his avrbg e<t>r}. No : in this world of uncertainty 
and of diversity of sentiment the correct method is to lay before the Reader the results 
of the labors of the learned, and to give him the power to judge of the merits of their 
respective conjectures. The Reader will be the judge, and he ought to be. Let me add 
that it is highly entertaining to observe the difference of thought among the learned, 
and to see not only the truth, but the approaches to it. And that he would be a bad 
Commentator on the Bible who should express his own opinion on the interpretation of 
the sacred Text, consider that as indubie genuinam, and pass over in silence the 
opinions of preceding Annotators. 

In order to give a fair and correct meaning to Greek words, and not to strain them 
to suit my own purposes, I have been careful to give no meaning but what I have 
found in the Lexicons, especially in those of Stephens, and of Liddell and Scott. 

For the greater part of the derivations in this volume I am indebted to preceding 
Etymologists : but of the origin of many words I have the entire responsibility. I may 
observe that I hope I have succeeded in bringing to a higher degree of certainty many 
etymologies which appeared of a very doubtful quality in consequence of the imperfect 
state in which they were exhibited. When it was said that Medius was from Mi<rog, it 
is clear that the truth was but half told, as it is contracted from Meaidtog. I have 



PKEFACE. V 

brought, I trust, some useful adminicular in every part of this publication, to support 
the pretensions of derivations which were true, but which needed confirmation or 
illustration. 

Quasi is a word which has been often used with very bad effect in the attempt to 
establish altogether false etymologies. This ill-omened word has been scrupulously 
rejected in this volume. 

It will be acknowledged, I believe, as a great improvement that this work is in 
English. The etymological researches of Voss, of Becman, of Wachter, and of others, 
were presented to the Reader in a Latin dress, which rather deterred than encouraged 
approach. 

With the expression of my earnest wish to be favoured with any observations from 
my Readers tending to the improvement of this publication, I will only further trouble 
them by repeating the following remarks, which I ventured to make on a former occa- 
sion : " Notwithstanding the analogy I have pointed out between the Latin and the 
Greek, so different are these languages, that, if we take at random a certain number of 
Latin words, we shall find but few of them to correspond in sound to the Greek. A 
great cause of this is that the Latins formed new words from those which they intro- 
duced from Greece. Thus Visio has no alliance in sound with "Oi//te, nor Visum with 
"Opafia or <J>acjua, nor Invideo with <bdovio> ; and yet Visio, Visum, Invideo are all from 
the Greek E'^w through the Latin Video. So the Modern Greeks express a Chain by 
Zocrr), a word which was unknown to their ancestors, but derived from Zow, Z&wvpi. 
Another reason is that the Latins derived their language from the .iEolic tribes, which 
had words peculiar to themselves, and unknown to the Ionic and Attic races. Lastly, 
derivative languages apply words in a manner unknown to the writers in the primary 
language. Thus the French express the Head by Tete, or, as it was anciently, Teste, 
formed from Testa, a shell, and thus the Shell of the Head. Mea Testa for My Head 
would have been thought by Cicero a strange expression." 



ADDITIONS, ETC. 



1. 2. 



1. 2. 



Page Col. Line. 

1. 1. 12. "personal excellence." Thus in 
Od. 2. 409, /AeTeeK/)' lepr) Is T^Ae- 
fj-dxoio, Clarke translates, Allo- 
cutus est nobilis Telemachus. 
And Stephens says : ' Homer uses 
h 'Odvafjos, ts Tr)Ae/j.dxoio, h 'Hpa- 
KArjet7j, for 'OSvaevs, Tykefjiaxos, 
'Hpa/cAys' 
1. An instance of ical ts, * and he,' i. e. 

' who,' occurs in p. 8. 1. 24. 
5. ' Quit' became qui.' Compare on 
ibl, p. 16. 2. 30. 

3. For ' each' read 'each man.' 
39. So Incentive from Incendo. 
44. ' 'lew, like ecuo,' So avlri/ju and 

4(pL7]fj.i are To allow. And a<plr)fu 
in Matth. 7- 4. : 'A<pes iK€d\cc, 
Let me pull out. 

4. ' Ignis from edyvys.' So axAIot, 

achlvi. 
8. .. 2. 7. ' The thing held for the thing 
holding.' Thus (as the French 
Jeu from Joco, Lieu for Loco, so) 
Feu from Foco. 
16. 1. 21. So Im-potens, &c. 



8. 2. 



Page 


Col 


21. 


1. 


23. 


1. 


23. 


1. 


35. 


2. 


40. 


2. 



41. 

47. 



2. 



55. 1. 



71. 
86. 



33. Or tabes for tagibes, from tago, tango, 
like Contagium, Contagio. 

24. So Valetudo is used for Bad health. 

34. ruapbs is seen in ignOro. 
penult. Lix may be from liquens, liqs. 

7. This derivation of Freund is not to 
be rejected. For ' salvd re,' 
however, I would say ' salvd hac 
re : ' answering much to our ex- 
expression, ' with this salvo.' 
1. Read, As grEssus for gr Assus. 
2. at the end. Thus auareWo} is used in an 
active sense in Matth. 5. 45. 

36. 'From sine astris.' Thus we say 
Dis-aster. So Judges, 5. 20 : The 
STARS, in their courses, fought 
against Sisera. 

19. To Discipulus add Manipulus. 

40. Quidem is for aliquiddem, and is a 
qualifying particle, like roi i. e. 
rep in Greek, and like Aliqua- 
tenus : " I must allow to a certain 
extent, up to a certain point, in 
some degree." 



2. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



Abney, the Rev. E. H., Vicar of St. Alkmunds, 
Derby. 

Addison, the Rev. B., Minister of St. John's, Edin- 
burgh. 

Addison, the Rev. J. D., Head Master of Rod well 
House School, Weymouth. 12 copies. 

Ainger, the Rev. T., Perpetual Curate of Hamp- 
stead, Middlesex. 

Arnold, the Rev. T. K, Rector of Lyndon, Rut- 
land. 

Arthur, T., Esq., Head Master of St. Germain's 
School, Portarlington, Dublin. 

Aston, J. M., Esq., Warstone, Birmingham. 

Athawes, the Rev. J., Rector of Loughton, Bucks. 

Bath and Wells, the Honorable and Right Reverend 

the Bishop of. 
Bayning, the Right Honorable and Reverend Lord. 
Banfather, the Rev. H., Rector of Beeston, Norfolk. 
Bass, M. T., Esq., M.P. for Derby. 
Bennett, the Rev. C. H., Rector of Ousden, Suffolk. 
Bignold, S., Esq., the late Mayor of Norwich. 
Binney, the Rev. H, D.C.L., Rector of Newbury. 
Bird, the Rev. C. S., Prebendary of Lincoln, and 

Vicar of Gainsborough. 
Blackall, the Rev. S., Perpetual Curate of Ixworth, 

Suffolk. 
Blandy, the Rev. F. J., Vicar of Netheravon, Wilts. 
Bolingbroke, Horatio, Esq., Justice of the Peace, 

Norwich. 
Boutflower, the Rev. H. C, Head Master of Bury 

Grammar School, Lancashire. 
Bradley, the Rev. C, Vicar of Glasbury, Brecon, 

and Minister of St. James's, Clapham. 
Brewer, the Rev. E. C, LL.D., Head Master of 

King's College School, Norwich. 
Brooke, S. B., Esq., Cowbridge House, Malmes- 

bury. 2 copies. 
Bulley, the Rev. F., Fellow of Magdalen College, 

Oxford. 4 copies. 
Burke, the Rev. T. J., Welbourne, Norfolk. 
Burnside, the Rev. A. W.. Vicar of Farningham, 

Kent. 



A. T. C. 2 copies. 

Canning, the Lord Viscount. 

Coleridge, the Right Reverend Bishop, Warden of 
St. Augustine's College, Canterbury. 

Calder, the Rev. F., Head Master of the Grammar 
School, Chesterfield. 

Cameron, the Rev. A. A., Perpetual Curate of 
Hurst, Berks. 

Campbell, the Rev. C, Vicar of Weasenham, Nor- 
folk. 

Carson, the Rev. T., Vicar of Seaming, Norfolk. 

Carus, the Rev. W., Fellow of Trinity College, 
Cambridge. 

Chave, the Rev. W., Secretary to the Colonial 
Church Society, London. 

Clark, the Rev. T., Perpetual Curate of Christ 
Church, Preston. 

Clarke, the Rev. F. J., Incumbent of Reddal Hill, 
Staffordshire. 

Clay, the Rev. J., Vicar of Stapenhill, Derbyshire. 

Colbv, the Rev. S., Rector of Ellingham, Nor- 
folk. 

Cole, the Rev. H., Evening Lecturer of St. Mary 
Somerset, London. 

Coleridge, the Rev. Derwent, Prebendary of 
St. Paul's, and Principal of St. Mark's College, 
Chelsea. 

Colvile, C, Esq., M.P. for South Derbyshire. 

Cooper, the Rev. C. B., Rural Dean, and Rector of 
Morley, Norfolk. 

Corbould, E., Esq., Weasenham, Norfolk. 

Crofts, the Rev. J. D., Vicar of Houghton, Nor- 
folk. 

Culpeper, J. B., Esq., Stanhope Street, Hyde Park 
Gardens. 

Cureton, the Rev. W., Canon of Westminster. 

Durham, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 

2 copies. 
Dale, the Rev. Thomas, Canon of St. Paul's, and 

Vicar of St. Pancras, London. 
Dale, L. W. T., Esq., B. A., Trin. Coll. Camb. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



Dalrymple, A., Esq., Norwich. 

Darbv, the Rev. M. B., Rector of Hackford, Nor- 
folk. 

Delisle, Frederic, Esq., Devonshire Square, Bishops- 
gate, London. 

Dixon, the Rev. R., Head Master of King "Wil- 
liam's College, Isle of Man. 

Donne, W. B., Esq., Mattishall Hall, Norfolk. 

Drewry, James, Esq., Burton-on-Trent. 

Ellesmere, the Earl of. 

Ebden, the Rev. J. C, Vicar of Great Stukeley, 
Huntingdonshire. 

Evans, the Rev. A. B., D.D., Head Master of Mar- 
ket Bosworth Grammar School. 

Fell, the Rev. H., Vicar of Goring, Oxon., and In- 
cumbent of Trinity Church, Islington. 

Fenwick, the Rev. J., Head Master of the Grammar 
School, Ipswich. 

Fisher, the Rev. R. B., Vicar of Basildon, Berks. 
2 copies. 

Freeman, the Rev. Philip, Fellow of St. Peter's, 
Cambridge, and Principal of the Theological 
College, Chichester. 

French, the Rev. P., Incumbent of Trinity Church, 
Burton-on-Trent. 

French, the Rev. T., Fellow of University College, 
Oxford. 

Frere, P. H., Esq., Tutor of Downing College, 
Cambridge. 

Gloucester and Bristol, the Right Reverend the 
Lord Bishop of. 

Gedge, the Rev. S., King Edward's Grammar 
School, Birmingham. 

Gilly, the Rev. W. S., D.D., Prebendary of Durham, 
and Vicar of Norham, near Berwick. 

Girdleston, the Rev. C, Rector of King's Winford, 
Dudley, 

Girling, the Rev. W., Seaming, Norfolk. 

Glennie, the Rev. J. D., Minister of St. Mary's, 
Park Street, London. 

Golightly, the Rev. C. P., Oriel College, Oxford. 

Greaves, the Rev. R. W., Rector of Tooting, Surrey. 

Greer, the Rev. Rob. C, Barton-under-Needwood, 
Lichfield. 

Grigson, E. R., Esq., Watton, Norfolk. 

Grigson, the Rev. W., Rector of Whinburgh, Nor- 
folk. 

Guest, A., Esq., LL.D., Upper Norton Street, Lon- 
don. 

Gunn, the Rev. J., Rector of Irstead, Norfolk. 

Gurdon, the Rev. E., Rector of Barnham Broom, 
Norfolk. 

Gurney, Miss, North Repps Cottage, near Cromer, 
Norfolk. 



Gwatkin, the Rev. R., B.D., Vicar of Barrow-on- 
Soar, Leicestershire. 

Hall, R., Esq., Swaff ham. 

Hardman, W., Esq., Stormer Hill, near Bury, Lan- 
cashire. 

Harford, W. H., Esq., Barley Wood, Somerset. 

Hare, the Rev. J. C, Archdeacon of Lewes, and 
Vicar of Hurstmonceux, Sussex. 

Hastings, the Rev. H. J., Canon of Worcester, and 
Rector of Areley-Kings, Stourport. 

Hathway, the Rev. R. C, Vicar of Kewstoke, 
Weston-super- Mare. 

Henderson, the Rev. W. G., Fellow of Magd. Coll. 
Oxford. 

Hildyard, the Rev. F., Rector of Swannington, 
Norfolk. 

Hind, the Rev. J. r Cambridge. 

Hitchings, E. J., Esq., St. John's Coll. Camb. 

Hitchings, the Rev. James, Vicar of Wargrave, 
Berks. 

Hoare, the Rev. C. J., Archdeacon of Surrey, and 
Vicar of Godstone, Surrey. 

Home, the Rev. T. H., Prebendary of St. Paul's, 
and Rector of St. Edmund's the King, London. 
2 copies. 

Hubert, the Rev. H. S. M., Vicar of Croxton, Norfolk. 

Hughes, the Rev. T., Chaplain of the Suffolk Asy- 
lum, Woodbridge. 

Hull, Robert, Esq., M.D., Norwich. 

Inglis, Sir R. H., Bart., M.P. 

Jackson, the Rev. J., Rector of St. James's, Pic- 
cadilly, London, and Chaplain to Her Majesty. 

Jeffries, the Rev. R., Rector of Cockfield, Suffolk. 

Jenkyns, the Rev. R., D.D., Master of Balliol 
College. 

Jeremie, the Rev. J. A., Classical Pre'essor, Hay- 
leybury. 

Jeune, the Rev. F., D.C.L., Canon of Gloucester, 
and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford. 

Johnson, the Rev. J. B., Rector of Welbourne, 
Norfolk. 

Johnson, the Rev. W. C, Rector of Yaxham, 
Norfolk. 

Julius, the Rev. H. R., Incumbent of Wrecclesham, 
Surrey. 

Kennedy, the Rev. B. H., D.D., Prebendary of 
Lichfield, and Head Master of Shrewsbury 
Grammar School. 

King's College Library, London. 

Lichfield, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 
Lincoln, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 
Llandaff, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



Lamb, the Rev. J., D.D., Dean of Bristol, and 

Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. 
Larkins, W. C, Esq., Board of Trade, Whitehall. 

3 copies. 
Law, the Rev. H., Archdeacon of Wells, and Rector 

of Weston-super-Mare. 
Layng, T. F., D.D., Head Master of Hereford 

Grammar School. 
Lee, the Rev. S., Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge. 
Liddell, the Rev. H. G., D.D., Head Master of 

Westminster School. 
Loveday, the Rev. T., B.D., Rural Dean, and 

Rector of East Ilsley, Berks. 
Lyall, the Rev. W. R., Dean of Canterbury, and 
'Rector of Great Chart, Ashford, Kent. 

Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart., Rolleston Hall, Stafford- 
shire. 

Mackenzie, the Rev. H., Vicar of St. Martin's- in- 
the-fields, London. 

Major, the Rev. J. R., D.D., Head Master of King's 
College, London. 

Major, J. R., Esq., King's College, London. 

Marcon, the Rev. W., Rector of Edgefield, Norfolk. 
2 copies. 

Martin, J. U., Esq., Professor of Music, East 
Dereham. 

Matchett, the Rev. J. C, Vicar of Easton, Norfolk. 

May, the Rev. E. J., Purley, Berks. 

Miles, W., Esq., M.P., Leigh Court, Somerset. 

Moseley, the Rev. H.. Wandsworth, London. 

Norwich, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 
Newman, the Rev. W. J., Rector of Badsworth, 

Yorkshire. 
Nind, the Rev. P. H., Vicar of South Stoke, with 

Woodcote, Oxon. 

Peterborough, the Right Reverend the Lord 

Bishop of. 
Paddon, the Rev. T., Vicar of Mattishall, Norfolk. 
Palmer, Robt, Esq., M.P., Holme Park, Berkshire. 
Palmer, Spencer, Esq., Keppel Street, London, 2 

copies. 
Parker, John, Esq., M.P. for Sheffield. 
Parkerson, B., Esq., East Dereham, Norfolk. 
Parkinson, the Rev. Richard, Canon of Man- 
chester, and Principal of St. Bees' College. 
Parry, the Rev. Frederic, B.D., Incumbent of St. 

Clement, Liverpool. 
Parsons, the Rev. G. S., Minister of St. Mary, 

Kirk Malew, Isle of Man. 
Peacock, the Rev. G., D.D., Dean of Ely. 
Penny, the Rev. C, Head Master of Crewkerne 

Grammar School. 
Perrott, the Rev. T., Rector of Walton, Burton- 

on-Trent. 



Phillips, the Rev. Alfred, D.D., Henwick House, 

Worcestershire. 
Pitman, the Rev. J. R., Bath. 
Press, G. L., Esq., Reymerstone Hall, Norfolk. 3 

copies. 
Pullen, the Rev. J., late Fellow of Corpus Christi 

College. 

Quayle, the Rev. T., Rougham, Suffolk. 
Quayle, W. H., Esq., Bartonmere, Suffolk. 
Queen's College Library, Birmingham. 

Raffles, the Rev. Thomas, D.D., Liverpool. 
Richardson, Joseph, Esq., Burton-on-Trent. 
Riddle, the Rev. J. E., Incumbent of St. Philip and 

St. James, Leckampton. 
Ridley, the Rev. C. J., Rector of West Harling, 

Norfolk. 
Rigby, E., Esq., M.D., Berkeley Square, London. 
Rigg, the Rev. A., Principal of the Chester Dio- 
cesan Training School. 
Rolfe, the Rev. S. C. E. Neville, Vicar of Heacham, 

Norfolk. 
Romilly, the Rev. J., Senior Fellow of Trin. Coll., 

Cam., and Chaplain to the Archbishop of York. 
Roworth, Mrs., Prior Lodge, Lyncomb, Bath. 2 

copies. 
Russell, C, Esq., Chairman of the Great Western 

Railway. 

St. David's, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of. 

Sondes, the Right Hon. Lord, Elmham Park, 
Norfolk. 

Scholefield, the Rev. J., Professor of Greek of the. 
University, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's, 
Cambridge, and Canon of Ely. 

Sedgwick, the Rev. Adam, Professor of Geology, 
and Vice-Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 

Sheppard, the Rev. J. G., Repton School. 

Sherman, the Rev. J., Surrey Parsonage, London. 

Sherson, the Rev. R., Rector of Yaverland, Isle of 
Wight. 

Simons, the Rev. E., Rector of Ovington, Norfolk. 

Slipper, the Rev. R. B., Head Master of Hingham 
Grammar School. 

Small, the Rev. N. P., Rector of Market Bosworth. 

Smith, the Rev. G. N., Head Master of the Gram- 
mar School, Preston. 

Smith, the Rev. J. Pye, D.D., Principal of Homer- 
ton Old School. 

Smith, the Rev. T. T., Vicar of Wymondham, 
Norfolk. 

Stannard, the Rev. C, B.D., Rector of Great Snor- 
ing, Norfolk, and formerly Fellow of St. John's 
College, Cambridge. 

Stevenson, the Rev. H. J., Vicar of Hallow, and 
Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



Tacy, the Rev. H., Canon of Norwich, and Rector 

of Swanton Morley, Norfolk. 
Tait, the Rev. A. C, D.C.L., Fellow of Balliol 

College, and Dean of Carlisle. 
Taylor, J., Esq., Thuxton Hall, Norfolk. 
Taylor, J. O., Esq., Norwich. 
Terry, W., Esq., Southampton Buildings, London. 

3 copies. 
Thorp, the Rev. T., Archdeacon of Bristol, and 

Rector of Kemerton, Gloucestershire. 
Tompson, H. K., Esq., Witchingham Hall, Norfolk. 
Townsend, the Rev. G., D.D., Prebendary of 

Durham. 
Trimmer, the Rev. H. S., Vicar of Marston-on- 

Dove, Derbyshire. 
Turner, Dawson, Esq., Yarmouth. 
Twigg, the Rev. W., Vicar of Pickhill, Yorkshire. 

Valpy, Captain A. B., R.N., Coombe Lodge, Blag- 
don, Somerset. 3 copies. 

Valpy, A. J., Esq., St John's Wood Road, London : 
formerly Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. 

Valpy, the Rev. G., Vicar of Bucklebury, Berks : 
formerly Fellow of King's Coll. Cam. 2 copies. 

Valpy, G. C. B., Esq., University Life Assurance 
Office, London. 



Vaughan, the Rev. C. J., D.D., Head Master of 
Harrow School. 

Wood, the Rev. Sir J. P., Bart., Glazenwood House, 

near Braintree. 3 copies. 
Webb, the Rev. J. B., Rector of North Cleobury, 

Shropshire. 
Whewell, the Rev. W., D.D., Master of Trinity 

College, Cambridge. 
Williamson, the Rev. W., Tutor of Clare Hall, 

Cambridge. 
Wise, the Rev. W. J., Vicar of Grandborough, 

Warwickshire. 
Wood, the Rev. L, the Venerable the Archdeacon 

of Chester. 
Woodthorpe, Edmund, Esq., Architect, London. 
Wordsworth, the Rev. C, D.D., Prebendary of 

Westminster. 
Wright, the Rev. Harry, Hatherley Lawn, Chel- 
tenham. 2 copies. 
Wright, the Rev. Henry, Rector of Thuxton, 

Norfolk. 

York, His Grace the Archbishop of. 



ADDITIONAL SUBSCRIBERS. 



Belin, the Rev. C. J., Head Master of the Gram- 
mar School, Guildford. 

Bockett, the Rev. B. B., Vicar of Epsom. 

Corrie, the Rev. G. E., B.D., Master of Jesus Col- 
lege, Cambridge. 

Harford, J., Esq., Blaise Castle, Somerset 

James, the Rev. J. A., Edgbaston, Birmingham. 

Lee Warner, W. W., Esq., Quebec Hall, Nor- 
folk. 



Plumptre, the Rev. F. C, D.D., Master of Univer- 
sity College, Oxford. 

Salter, the Rev. J., Rector of Iron Acton, Glou- 
cestershire, and Honorary Canon of Bristol. 

Thompson, the Rev. J., East Dereham, Norfolk. 

Vaughan, the Rev. R., D.D., President of the 
Lancashire Independent College. 

Wetherall, the Rev. J. E., Incumbent of Brereton, 
Staffordshire. 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Book I. ._-------. \ 

II. 46 

III. .......... 59 

IV. 65 

V. • 71 

VI. ... 75 

VII. 79 

VIII. 82 

IX. S4 

X. ........ .85 

XL -87 

XII. 88 



YIRGILIAN HOURS; 

OR, 

THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORDS OF THE JJNEID, 

EXCLUSIVE GENERALLY OF PROPER NAMES. 



BOOK L 



1.] Arma. As from the form fidx^os we have 
Alo, Alimus, Alraus ; Victa, Victima ; so in the 
neut. pi. arcima, arma, from arceo, dpKeco, propulso. 

(2) As used for instruments and implements of any 
kind, from &pfx.eva, from &pco, dpfxat. From &pw, to 
fit to, says Riddle, as armor, fitted to the hody. 

(3) Festus : 'Ah armus. As shields and breast- 
plates protecting the shoulders, or as swords hang- 
ing down from them.' 

Virum. The man of power and might. Vir 
or F\p is the iEolic form of h, strength, nerve, 
which denoted personal excellence, as in Up)} Vh 
TyXefidxoio ; as in its derivative virtus ; ( Virtutesque 
virosque, 566 : Multa viri virtus animo, 4. 3 : de- 
lecta juventus, Flos veterum virtusque virum, 8. 
500); as opposed to Homo, man in general, good 
or bad; and as opposed to Mulier, woman, and 
Uxor, a wife. V, as in %p, Ver. R, as in irai'2, 
ird'iP, pueR; arboS, arboR. Hesychius: ti2, tiP, 
Adicowes. 

Que. As Tts, Kis, Quis, so re, ice, que. 

Cano. From x av &, to open the mouth wide, as 
we see in singing. Hesychius has Xdvai- cu/o~£ai 
ar6fxa, and Xavvew ' f3ocju. Callimachus uses xtuveiv 

b'i^vpbv of Niobe turned to stone Or x av ® 1S 

generally to speak : for Hesychius explains x°- V0L l JLL 
by etiroLfju, and Anacreon interchanges \eyeiv (the 
same as elirelv) with aSetv, to sing: Oe'Aw Aeyeiv 
'ArpeiSas, 0/Aoj Se Kd.Sfx.ov aZeiv. Thus Virgil has 
Carmina dicunt ; Horace, Dicam et Alciden ; and 
Hesychius explains voetv by aoeiv, Aeyeiu. 

Troj,e. Tpoia, Troja. 



Qui. For quus, quos, /cat bs. So quce is Kal fy ; 
quod Kal o 8e, Kal b 8' ; qui Kal di ; qua; Kal at ; qua; 
Kal a. Quus seems to have been changed before 
consonants to quu\ as the S was elided by Ennius : 
Vicit Glympia, nunc senio confectu' quiescit. Quu' 
became qui, as fieT becomes mel; (ppVyw, frlgo. 

Primus. From prior, 192. 

Ab. 'Alt'. As vir', suP, suB. 

Oris. As /C7?p02, cerA; \av01, Ian A ; Hue/xO'S, 
animA; so ora from §>pos, iEolic of ovpos, a boun- 
dary. (2) Riddle from os, oris. The mouth of 
the country. But this is rather a harbour. 

2.] FatCtm. From for, fatus, from <pda>, <pu>, 
</>r?/xt. As pronounced by the gods. Or at once 
from (parbv, (fynrbv, thus agreeing with Vates, irpo- 
<pr}Trts. Virgil has Vatis fatidical. So Fatiloquus. 

Profugus. Upb, <pvyfi. Elberling : ' TIp6<pvyo$, 
profugus, Jo. Malal. 2. 215.' 

Venio. As mAneo from fiEvcco, conversely 
vEnio from Favvu, to arrive at a place. Veni, as 
Frjvov SSbv, Homer. Thus we say either They 
went their way, or simply They went. (2) From 
f3aip<a, fiavioo. (3) As ados, saNus ; \eios, leNis; 
so venio for veto, from f3eie>, /Seuo, in Hesychius. V, 
as Bia>, Vivo. 

3.] Littus. From Xirrbs, \hto-os, smooth. Eu- 
ripides has \evp$ ipa.fx.dOci). (2) Dumesnil from 
lino, litum, to anoint with, bathe, wash, like kKvSuv 
from icAvfa Certainly the first in Litera is long; 
but rather from lino, linilum, littum. Hall under- 
stands it ' daubed or marked with froth, sand, weed 
deposited by the sea.' 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Multum. As Stolidus, Stultus, so midtus for 
molidus from moles, as Sordes, Sordidus. In a 
mass. 

Ille. The old olle or ollus, ab w\\os, 6 &\\os, 
the other, opposed to Hie, This. So "OfxSpos, 
Imbris. 

Et. "Eti, h\ yet further. Herodotus: ert 8e 
rwv Aolirwu. Longinus: en §e rdxovs. (2) From 
re transposed. 

Terra. From redpw, iEolic of repaw, to dry. 
Dry land, as opposed to sea In Genesis : Let the 
dry (land) appear. (2) For teller a, (as Patera, 
Arcera,) from TeAAw, to make to spring up; whence 
reAAova', Tellus. (3) Corrupted, from rfj epa, 
(whence epafo) the ground. (4) In Lycophron 1428, 
2*ia KaAvipet ireppau, the Schol. has yrjv, whence 
Hermann conjectures reppau. which 'ancient and 
unknown word' the Latins, he thinks, afterwards 
appropriated in terra. 

Jacto. Jacio, jactum. Jacio, says Haigh, from 
frxvca, JEo\. of Siaxvco. As Zvybv, Jugum. (2) 'laA- 
Aa>, Idnrw, laivw, remitto, all point to a verb law (as 
tydw, ipaAAw ; Saw, SdirTw; /3aa>, jSaivco,) allied to 
fyui, to throw. From the perf. faxa might be an 
iEolic word, latti^w, laxiw, jacio, as Jam is for lam, 
Judseus from 'lovdeuos. Indeed law is established 
by Idojxai, remitto, ' liquefacio, liquefaciendo foveo, 
sano,' Hemsterh. (3) Za/ceuo, allied to ne7p.ai. 

Altus. Alo, alitus, alius, (whence Altrix, Al- 
tilis,) grown up, tall, high; then deep, as High 
water is deep water. 

4.] Vis. *Is, iEolice Fh, as ^p, F%>, Ver. 

Superi. From super, imhp, as 'Etttol, Septem. 

S^vus. Soft for skcevus, from aicaibs, harsh, 
inhuman. See the next word. V, as Aaibs, lseVus. 
— Dumesnil from 'aeiw, aevw, furo.'? 

Memor. Soft for mnemor, from ixvr]fxwv. Or, 
as w/a'HN, ociOR. And e, as (pHpa, fera. 

Ob. From fit", 6ir\, ev oirl, kvwiriov, in the face 
of; and on account of, like avri. B, as &rF, aB. 
(2) From iir, as'EAaiov, Oleum. 

Ira. For irra from irrio or hirrio, to snarl as a 
dog in a rage ; a word formed from the letter R, 
which, says Lucilius, an irritated dog speaks 
plainer than a man. (2) As paus A from travail, 
so ira from eJpis, viewed as an Epic form of epis, as 
reipos of repas. Passion being synonymous with 
strife and quarrel. (3) From lepa, i.e. voaos; 
transferred from ' the great and terrible disease of 
the body ' to that of the mind. Thus Adam derives 
Curia from Kvpia, i.e. iKKArja-ia. H omitted for 
euphony. 

5.] Quoque. For quoique, like oIkol, and of, 
whither : ' And to which be added.' O short for 
swiftness, as in quasi, dabam, &c. 

Bellum. For duellum from duo, Svo, as Bis for 
Duis. Uellum, wellum, bellum, as is seen in our | 



common Billy for Willy. Bellum, says Dumesnil, is 
used by poets for single combat. (2) From £e'Aos, 
as meLLis from /xeAi. 

Passus. Patior from a word iraOiovfiai, formed 
from irdQos, as Fateor from a word ^ar4oixai. T, as 
Aa0eV laTeo. And patsus, passus, as Jubeo, Jub- 
sus, Jussus. 

Dum. For donicum. See on 273. 

Condo. As Obdo, Abdo, Indo. Con for com 
ab ofj. — in o/j.-oyvpis, &c, or 6/j.a in Hesychius for 
6/u.ov, as Ceterus ab "Et epos. Do, Sow, 5<2, the root 
of ddo-w. 

Urbs. Orbis, orbs, or urbs, was any circular 
spot or area marked out by a line, ditch, or plough : 
from opos, opBos, (as (xopos, morBus,) a boundary. 
Hence orbis was anything circular, and urbs was a 
spot, mostly circular, marked out for a town. Vir- 
gil : Designat moenia fossa, : Urbem designat ara- 
tro. Tacitus also has ' sulco designare oppidum.' 
The aspirate omitted as in Armus from 'Appos. 
IS, as 0fx§pO2, imbrlS. (2) As 'PoQew, 'Op<piw, 
Sorbeo, so p6fx.§os, op/xgos, for softness orbis. 

6.] Infero. 'Ei>, in. $epw,fero. 

Deus. From @ebs, as ©ea, Dea ; and our Deer 
and Door from 0r/p and ®vpa, and our bur T Hen 
and burDen, &c. (2) From Aibs, gen. of Zevs. 
As bEo from filw. 

Genus. TeVos. 

Unde. As 'HAeVa, ^£l\i/a, Ulna, so unde from 
wvde, i. e. e£ Sjv Se tSttwv, as in evOevSe. So odev is, 
from which place. (2) "EvOevSe, ev5e, unde, as 
"EAkos, Ulcus. — Or from evdev, ev6e, as fuSoN, 
indu. D, as in Deus above. 

7.] Pater. Tlar-np. 

Atque. Soft for adque, as aTnepos for aDnepos, 
aTavus for aDavus. ' And in addition to this.' 
(2) For at que, ' but and.' So ' but and if,' 1 Pet. 
3. 14. 

Mgenia. Soft for moeRia, as 8w?ov, doRum, 
doNum, and much as miLia for miRia, from fivPia. 
Now Plautus has 'sua moenia tolerare,' i.e. his 
duties and his burdens ; and this, for mceria, is from 
the plural jxoipia, from fioipa, one's part, portion, 
duty or charge ; and afterwards appeared as munia, 
(as 7rOI^, pGilna, pUnio,) so that this was the 
order : Mosria, moenia, munia. In the same sense 
moznera and munera were used, and also in that of 
gifts and rewards, as one's portion or share, or as 
apportioned and distributed to each. But moenia 
(and from thence is moenio and munio,) has another 
sense, that of houses and buildings, both public and 
private. Thus Servius thinks that mamia is 'do- 
mos' in 2. 234 and 252. Forcellini quotes five 
passages supporting this sense, in one of which the 
moenia are inclosed by ' muri : ' viz. 6. 549 : Moenia 
lata videt triplici circumdata muro. But especially 
in that of Pliny, 6. 26, ' where he speaks of the 



iENEID, BOOK I. 4—11. 



a 



whole body of the city of Babylon, rather than the 
enclosure of the -walls.' Here also mcenia can be 
from fjioipia; each having his own dwelling allotted 
or assigned to him, aud the city itself its public 
buildings, towers, and ramparts. Thus on the 
Fortuitum cespitem of Horace, Davidson remarks : 
1 Horace here means the moderate proportion as- 
signed to every private man in the division of the 
conquered lands by lot. They were obliged to 
dwell in the house which they there found already 
built to their hands.' Scaliger brings minus also 
from fxoipa, ' rata cuj usque civis pars,' and because 
' Quisqne pro sua parte virili tutabatur muros.' 
The original (E appears in the old mcerus, 
■whence pomcerium, which assumed the form of 
murus, as mcenia that of munia. Whether /J-eipu, 
perf. iieuoipa, ever assumed in its derivatives of this 
perfect the sense of dividing off, parting off, I have 
not been able to prove, though Aristotle has /xepifav 
teal x (a p' l C a>v • otherwise this sense would well suit 
that of the muri which divided off and inclosed the 
mania. Indeed mania itself, like opia^ara, might 
thus have meant ' enclosures, fences, bulwarks, 
ramparts': Dr. Major on Eur. Hec 16. (2) Many 
refer maenia to a/xtW or fjLvuofiai, to keep off, repel : 
but the CE precedes, instead of following, the U, as in 
pUnio above. (3) Wachter refers it to the Celtic 
main, a stone, rock. But it should thus be mIEnia. 

8.] MuSA. Movo-a, M. fMvaa. 

Mihi. Mol, fiot, mohi, as aHenus ; and mihi, as kOvis, 
cTnis ; \4yO/u.es, leglmus. — Or, (as vai&i,) from a 
form /uo7<i>t, as *e0, Heu. So toI, tu?$l, tiBi, as 
&/*$a>, amBo : unless, if Sibi was formed from 2tf>2 
for euphony, Tibi was formed on the model of it. 

Causa. From caveo, cavsum, causum, as Cavitum, 
Cautum, Cautus. A pretext, excuse, 'qua quis cavet 
sibi.' Properly a participle -. a plea alleged. This 
sense appears in Causor, Recuso. (2) As Uavais, 
Pausa ; so causa from nam is, as inflaming or stimu- 
lating to action. 

Memoro. To make (memorem) mindful : vs. 4. 

Numen. From nuo, vevu, (nuto,) as Fluo, Flu- 
men. Will or power being expressed by the nod, 
as Homer : eireVeuce Kpoviuu. Hence also annuo. 

Ljedo. From Kats, Aai'So?. To make a spoil of 
Or at once from Aai'Sw fut. 2. of Aaffiw, ATj'f^o/xai. 

9.] Quid. As Que is Te, K<=, and Quis is Tis, 
Kis, so quid is ri 8', k'i8'. So Quod is /ecu t> 8e, kcu 
t5\ 

Ve. For vel, as A for A b, E for Ex. Thus Si 
vel hoc, could easily pass into Si ve hoc. So Si for 
Sit. (2) From fj, Ft/, as rjp, Frjp, Ver. Con- 
versely fie becomes me. 

Doleo. Properly to endure ; and allied to, or 
at once from, ra\dco, whence rd\as. D, as Trj/j-os, 
Demum ; fSaTbv. vaDum. Then dolui, as Domui 
from Aa/xdu. Eo, as /naSAH, madEO. Or more 



nearly allied, through an obsolete verb, to To\fida>, 
Tolero, Tuli, Tollo. (2) Haigh from &6\os, whence 
a word So\4w, to be disturbed : as Qebs, Deus. 

Regina. From rex, regis. 

Tot. T6(T(ra, rorra, (as &d\a<rcra, haKarra,) 
t6tt. So Kdaaa, kotto, kott', Quot. 

Volvo. For voluo, volutum, as Soliio, Solvo, So- 
lutum. From noXevv, as Veru a Tlepa>, leVis a AelL' *. 

Casus. From cado, caswn. W T hat falls to our 
lot or befalls us. 

10.] Insignis. As from elSos is Sidus, so signum 
from Xxvos (neuter), as Gutta from Xvrrd; kvKvos 
cyGnus. (2) Soft for stignum from o-riyavbv, 
formed from aTiya> fut. 2. of crTi'fw, to prick, mark 
Thus Regnum took its form. T dropt, much as 
Perna from TLTepva; and perhaps Sonus from 
TT6vos. Ainsworth has ' a point or prick ' as a 
geometrical sense of signum. (3) 'From seco, 
whence Segmen. As Lego, Lignum; Tego, Tig- 
num : ' Ainsw. A notch or mark. 

Pietas. As Ke?i'os from ineivos, Rixa from 'Epz£<5, 
Ructo from 'EpeuKT&i, so pins (' mild, kind, tender, 
affectionate, obedient, dutiful:' Forcellini,) from 
jjirios, mild, placid. (2) From Stios, godlike, iE. 
<pe7o?, as &vp, M- <pvp- P, as Porto from 4>opT«. 
(3) From dvos, JE. (pvos, a sacrificial offering. One 
who offers up these. (4) Isaac Voss : 'Evs, eibs, Feu)s, 
pius. P for the digamma, as in Piscis, 4. 255. But ? 

A dire. Ad for apud, as Volis, Vis. — Ire ab eo, 
€(C, cffxi. 

Labor. From Ka§a, (as Amo, Amor,) to take 
in hand, undertake, as KaixSdveiv ipyov in Xenophon. 
(2) From labo, to be ready to drop down. Exces- 
sive toil under which one sinks. (3) Morland 
from Jaboro, and this from Ta\anrccpa>, corrupted to 
\aira)pa>. 

11.] Impello. As Mulgeo from 'A^oA-y/w, 
pello from cWAAo, Ve'AAw, arceo. Hesy chins : 
'ATreWeiV diroKXeUiv. Or even from cWeAc*, a7re- 
\avuco, since Pepuli has a single L, and Mellis has 
it doubled from MeAi. (2) Becman says that pello 
easily flows from xaAAcw. Certainly Quatio is in 
Percutio used for striking ; and Fendo, to strike, is 
in Defendo to drive off. E would resemble grEssus 
for grAssus. (3) The words /3eAos, fieSoK/iuat, 
duTiSoAew, 180A77, point to an old verb /3eAA&> like 
fidWw. From )8eAAw could be pello. (4) From 
7reAaw, £>, to make to approach. 

Tantus. For tamtus from tarn, as Quain, Quan- 
tus. So priMceps, priNceps. 

Ne. From ve — , not, as in veirodes ; or from vr), 
as in v/jttoivos. That is, whether or not : and thus 
ve or V7] has the same sense with /xr>, as used in 
questions, as Mr? ab rXowra; (2) From tjv, 'if,' 
transposed, as Muc, Nw/tt, Num. 

Animus. Like Animn, from avefxos; viewed, 
like Uvevfxa and Spiritus, as the breath of life and 
B 2 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



of the soul, ' vitalis aura,' ' divinse particula aurae.' j 
We may compare with these vj/ux^ a na *P V XV- 

Ccelestis. Ccelum from koTKov, concavum, con- 
vexuni. Eunius : Cava coerula candent. Lucre- 
tius : Cceli CAVERN AS. 

12.] Antiquus. Formerly written anticus, j 
from cmte, as Amicus. 

Fui. From cpvca,fuo, whence fuat 10. 108. 
Teneo. From reulca, t*vw, reivo), to extend (the 
hand). So tt), i. e. roe, is Take ; aud TeTaycbi/, 
having laid hold of ; and Tango. Plautus : ' Por- 
rige hrachium, prehende. Jam tones? 1 
Colon us. Fiom cob, vs. 16. 
13.] Contra. From con — vs. 5. Contra, is 
formed after the model of Intra, 2. 33. 

Longe. Longus from koyxn. Long like a lance 
or a hunting pole. (2) We have Koyyos in Valpy's 
Stephens, 5528. Hesychius: Aoyydfa' 6nve?. And 
Koyyaaai • arpayycveaOai, 'prolongare tempus.' See 
on 9. 436. In this way longus is tired, weary, lan- 
guid, long in doing anything. But this is the 
figurative meaning. 

14.] Ostium. Soft for obstium, (as Praemium,) 
from obsio, as Ostento for Obstento, Oscen for Ob- 
scen. An obstacle to block the entrance. As 
•nvkri from ttvw or /3ua>, to close. Virgil has, ' Adi- 
tus centum, ostia centum,' where Aditus is remarked 
as being the entrance, Ostia the obstruction. 
(2) Ab &Qw, Sxrrax. As keeping off, repelling. 
Or, which may be pushed. (3) From os, a mouth, 
or opening. 

Dives. From Divus. Like a god in ease and 
affluence. Plautus: Dei divites sunt, Deos decet 
opulentia. 

Opes. Ab eVco, Sira. Hesychius: "Eirovaiv • 
evepyovaiv. Opes are powers of action, means of 
exertion, resources, capabilities. The aspirate 
omitted, as in Omnis, Orbis. 

StudiuM. Studeo soft for spudeo, cnrvoew, airevda, 
to seek eagerly. Or arvdea), iEolic for cr7n/5ea>, as 
the Cretan Tetov for Tiotov in Hesychius. 

Asper. Ab ao-nropos, unsown or unfit for sow- 
ing, rugged. So irpSacpOpos, prospErus. 

15.] Magis. Short for magius from fxiyiov, 
(the proper comparative of fieya,) as wxiON, ociUS. 
A, as fiTLvea, mAneo. (2) Magnius, the proper 
comparative of magnum: magius, magis. 

Omnis. Soft for homnis, (as Ansa for Hansa,) 
from 6/j.ov. Nis, much as nus in Magnus, and num 
in Regnum. (2) Ab dfxovovs, 6/xvovs, una mente. 

Unus. As "Eakos, Ulcus ; vEllo, vUlsus, so 
unus from kv6s. The U could scarcely fail of being 
long, after this change. 

16 ] Posthabeo. As "Iokw became Scio; as 
"Aokkos, through Kdoitos, became Caecus ; as 'EKarbv 
or "Ekvtov through Keurbv became Centum ; so 
"viffQe, oTrt(x6\ through iroiad', became posth or pest, 



as Aa©eo>, laTeo; Qpiaii§os, Triumphus. Much in 
the same way vvvye, vvvy' was changed to nunC; 
and Atque to Atq', Ate, Ac. Thus also posterus 
from oiriarepos. (2) Bp. Butler from positum, pos- 
tum, as Pone from Pono. But post seems to enter 
into the origin of pono : see on vs. 49. 

Habeo. As fxaSAQ., madEO, so habeo, to hold, 
from cMpdu), to handle, as ve&eKri, neBula. 

Colo. To clip or prune ; from ko\£>, Ko\d<ra> fut. of 
noAd?<a. Then to trim, adjust, take care of, be busy 
about, cultivate ; then ' assiduus sum in loco aliquo,' 
Forcellini: i.e. to frequent, dwell. (2) From an 
obsolete verb, says Riddle, which now exists only 
in Povk6\os, jSouKoAeeo, K<taa|, &c. These are usu- 
ally referred to k6\ov, food, fodder. And «oAe« 
might be, to give food or fodder to, to tend. 

Hie. For 4>Ke, J>ik', hoic, as Qui ablative is 
Quoi. 

17.] Currus. From curro. Properly said of 
the chariots used in running the races. (2) From 
ndppov, rheda, found in a Gloss in Stephens' Lex- 
icon: and. in 3 Esdr. 5. 55, where Xdppa also is 
read. 

Hie As Is from'Os, Ille for Olle, so hie from 
o k\ i. e. 8 /ce: or from o 7' (II. 5. 184, 185), i. e. 3 
ye, as vvuTe, vvvY\ nunC. Or, as this is rather the 
derivation of hoc, hie is soft for hisc from os k or b"s 
y\ Thus Atque, Atq, Ate, Ac. 

Regnum. Hex, regis, reginum, regnum, as \unbs, 
Xwrivos. 

Dea. ©ea, as Qebs, Deus. 
Gens. TeVos, as MeVos, Mens. 
Esse. From the old esum for sum, from eao/xat, 
ecro/x. Hence esere, esre, esse, as oaTa, osSa. And 
eserem, essem, which however may be from ia<roifir)v 
or an old active form eo-o-oi/xi. 

18.] Si. For sit, let it be : as a, e, for Ab, Ex. 
Thus, Sit ut faciat, or Sit faciat, (as Velim ut roges, 
or simply Velim roges,) could easily become Si 
faciat. (2) For sine : let it be. So idv from eav, 
sinere. (3) From d, as dSos, Sidus. 
Qua. Qua. ratione, parte. 

Sino. Properly sio, sivi : N for euphony, as in 
irica, 7nNa> ; ados, saNus ; Sio from tew, lu>, 'Itj/jli, like 
idw, 4eb, to let go. S, as 'Icttw, Sisto. 

Jam. For iam (formed like ii, Us,) the same as 

, earn, ace. fern, of is. At this hour or season, like 

%v in rjv'iKa (like ahr'nta), like the feminine Alias, 

and Unquam for Unicam. Thus 'lyo-ovs became 

Jesus, Tpola TroJa. 

Tum. As /xvprON, myrtUM, so from rbv is turn : 
i. e. tovtov xpovov. So, t<£ is Then in II. rj. 158. 
j And so Tarn is rdv. (2) Bailey from ttj^os. ? 

Tendo. Teivca, reva, tenDo, as morDeo, panDo. 

The D seems to come from the T in the Greek per- 

| feet passives, irttpauTai, &c. Or from the D which 

is formed from it, cpdvAa, atpArju. Thus from obs. 



JENEID, BOOK I. 12—24. 



&Ku>, Latin Alo, was formed &\Aw, whence dA- 
Aaivco. 

Foveo. From <p6<as, like (pdos, the light of fire, 
whence a verb <po4<o, fo Veo, as de'o>, dfeco, aVeo ; 
(paeai, <paF4(t), faVeo; vaiw, iraiw, Traflu, paVio. To 
keep -warm or cherish with fire. Riddle says : 
From the o\dfoo, (p6a. 

19.] Progenies. Progigno, progenui, from -){- 
yvca and yev4u, eyevov, 

Sed and Set. Set is short for the old siet from 
sie7n : Let it be, like ehu. Grant it, still, neverthe- 
less. See on Ast, vs. 45 Either E or I would be 
chosen, as in sEcors or sOcors from sEOrsum. 

(2) As Se-curus, Se-cors, Se-paro, so set for se-et. 
Becman : ' Se separates : as, Tu curris, se-et ego 
sedeo. The action you are about is distinguished 
from what I am doing.' This is too fanciful. 

(3) From sedeo, (as in Seditio,) i.e. ' eo in alia 
omnia.' 

Enim. Short for etnim, i. e. et nam, or namque : 
as in Quianam, Quisnam : and thus Et-enim. As 
Equidem probably for ETquidem ; comlnus for 
comAniis. 

A. For ab, as E for Ex. 

Sanguis, Sanguen. Becman states that this 
was a word pertaining to religion. Thus sanguen 
or saguen (N added as in deNsus, taNgo, liNquo,) 
might proceed from ayiov, i. e. of^io. S, as Sacer 
or Sacerus from a form 'Ayepos, SaNcio from ayL&. 
— But I agree with Isaac Voss, who states that, 
though it may appear strange, this word is analogi- 
cally deduced from difia. And here I will quote 
Dr. Todd's remark on our word Dribble : ' This 
word seems to have come from Drop by successive 
alterations, such as are usual in living languages: 
Drop, Drip, Dripple, Dribble, from hence Drivel.' 
Sanguis is perhaps an instance of this ; as being 
soft for sanguis, samquis, as unGuis from ovXvos, 
i. e. owXos ; and as priNceps for priMceps. And 
what is samquis ? As Salis from aXbs, so samquis 
from a/j.Kos, an iEolic corruption from aijm-os, (as 
afoo-ei, acrcrei, and Aldpiov, Atrium ; and as Tis be- 
came Kis, Quis,) that is, difxaros. — Or, (as Rosa and 
Pampinus and Pinus and Cornu seem formed from 
the adjectives,) from alfxarSev, JE. al/xaKoev, was 
formed hamquen, samquen, and finally sanguen. 
For Sanguis is more easily formed from sanguen, 
gen. sanguinis, than sanguen -from sanguis; and 
thus sanguen appears to be the original word. 
(3) Riddle thinks that sanguis is allied to sanies. 
Rather, from sanus, in opposition to sanies. Then 
sanicus, as Unus, Unicus ; Teter, Tetricus ; and 
sanquus, as Unicam, Unquam; Incolo, Inquilinus. 
Then subst. sanguis. 

Duco. As (pClpos, fUris, so duco from 'SdoKco, 
68J>Ku from 656u), oSw«a, formed like TeyrjKO} from 
T4yrjKa, IIe0uKa> from n4<pvKa. The O neglected, 



as in Dentes from 'OSSmes ; Ramus from "Qpafxvos. 
(2) From SeiKa, Se'So/co, whence 8ok4<o, Doceo, and 
(like fiovvos and fj.ow6a> from fx6vos) Sovneoo, Sovkco, 
duco. To show the way. 

20.] Audio. ' Ab tida, aFlw, avtoo, auDio, as 
clauDo : ' James Bailey. And Thiersch thus : dfo>, 
aFica, avDio, audio. (2) To perceive (ai«5^) a 
sound, as Sentio is deduced by some from Sonitus. 

Olim and Ollim. From olle vs. 3, like Im from 
Is, Hinc and Illinc for Himc and Illimc. That is, 
illo tempore, as opposed to Hoc tempore, and ex- 
pressing either before or after the present period. 

Verto. From a verb ipvroo, Fepuru, F4prw, form- 
ed from epva), epvrai, to pull back, as 'Apvrca from 
'Apveo. (2) As Nopcpa became ^op/j.a, Forma; Mcov 
Nu/jl, Num; 'ApuQpelv for 'ApiQfxsiv; Qdayavov for 
^(pdyavov ; so from Tpeirco was irepTco, verto, as nepi, 
Fere; UoKevco, Voluo, Volvo. Or for the old vorto 
from Tpoirw, TropTw. 

Arx, Arcis. Ab arceo, dp/cew, propulso. (2) Ab 
epKos, a barrier ; as "Ewos, Annus. (3 ) Ab &i<pos, 
transposed apicos, as ox^os, transposed c\x oy > f<^- 
Xos, Volgus. Like atcpSiroMs. 

21.] Hinc. See on Olim 20. 

Populus. Reduplicated from ttoXvs, as TiAAw, 
Titillo. For ttottoXvs. So ovT/na for ovOjxa, whence 
dvcavTfj.05. — Riddle from pubes, for pubulus. ? 

Late. See on Latus 163. 

Rex, Regis. Regens, regs, rex. Rego on vs. 
153. 

Superbus. From super. Carry ing himself above 
others. So acerBUS. — Others from uirep§Los ; or 
from supereo, superivi, whence superivus, supervus, 
much as in Civis 2. 42. 

Excidium. Ab excido. — Riddle from excldo, as 
duco produces educo, and nubo makes connubium. 
So Excisurum urbem 12. 762. 

Sic. For seic from tjik, 77/ce, qua, via: as e|, Sex. 
— Or at once from yK, as rlma from pHyfia. 
(2) From hic K , i. e. hoc modo, <£/ce or 6$k*. 

Parc-E. A parcendo; by Euphemism, like 
Ei)|Uej/t'5es. 

23. Id. As Is from bs, so id from b Se, o 8*. 
Aliud is aAAo 5e, &\\o 5\ And Illud and Istud 
are similarly to be traced. 

METUO. Metus from fierw, /nere'cu or fxeriico, 
fi^Qirifii, to remit, relax : as okvqs or oxvos from ex«, 
6x a > to hold back. Becman : ' Demissio animi.' 
Homer : ME0IEI re nal ovk ideKei iroveeffdai. 

Vet us. From eras, tiros, as -tjpos, Veris. One 
in years, annosus. 

24.] Quod. See on Qui 1. 

Pro. Upo. 

Carus, Charus. Of high price, from x*P 0S <> 

Mo\. of xvp°s, bereft, bare ; hence scanty, rare, 

precious. — Or from xP" oy > XP^' t0S 5 XP« ios » XP?°*> 

transposed XW 0S > as on the contrary x«P tTey > XP«- 

b 3 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Ires, xp? Tes becomes Grates. In want ; passively, I 
in request. Or even from a word x aT Vpbs from 
XaVos, want. — But rather from tcap, »o?p, the heart. 1 
' Quod cordi est,' esteemed, dear. Then dear in j 
price ; what is estimated fetching a high price. 
And indeed Dr. Johnson has made the sense of 
Beloved in the word Dear to precede that of Costly. 
The aspirate in charus is thus neglected, but For- j 
cellini states that it is more correctly written carus ' 
in the ancient manner. And, with this assertion 
before me, I prefer this derivation from /cap. — 
Others refer it to Keipa, Kapw, to clip, cut short ; or 
to x<V y » elegance; or to careo ; but the quantity is 
an impediment. 

Gero. From x € P° s i whence a word x 6 Pow, 
XepcD, or x 6 P^. ^ (as e '7X 6£ pe w ? ) gero, to take in 
hand. G, as G utta from Xurd or Xuttol. 

25.] Necdum. JYec for ne-que, neq.' As Atque, 
Atq', Ate, Ac. — That is, ' nee dum hsec geruntur,' 
nor up to the time while this is going on : or some 
such ellipse. So Nondum. 

Etiam. For etjam, as Quoniam is Quom jam. 

Dolor. Doleo vs. 9. 

26.] Maneo. From fieveoD, fxeua>. For cado 
in Exciderant see on vs. 154. 

Mens. From fxevos, force of soul, spirit, ardor, 
as Horace : Velox mente nova. Then vovs, as He- 
sychius explains it : whence eifyiej^s, Trpevp.evr)s. 
As Teuos, Gens. 

Repono. Pono vs. 49. As to the compound 
re, Arnold says : ' Re has in many compounds the 
meaning of Forth: thus Bedoleo, to smell forth, 
emit a smell. It thus becomes a strengthening 
prefix. Doderlein thinks, that, as such, it is pos- 
sibly the Gr. ipi — .' But, what shall be said of 
redeo, reverter, &c. ? and of retro, of which re ap- 
pears an abbreviation? I suppose there was a 
word relruft or reter, corrupted from o p erepos, the 
other, the reverse, the opposite, as in krtpav or 
iirl rbarepa TpcnrecrOcu, compared by Stephens with 
TTjv havriau 65bv Trnpevecrdcu in Polybius, and with 
the Lucretian Commutare viam retrbque reverti. 
"Erepos, Stephens further says, often means Diver- 
sus, as opposed to 6 avrbs, the same. Then retro 
is an adverb of motion, as Quo, Ed. (2) From 
'prjTvu), iprrrvw, to hold back: E being short from 
frequent nse, as dabam, quasi, statim. So also 
<pHpa, fera. 

27.] Judicium. Judex, judicis, for juridicis, 
like fa tidic us. So dicax is short. 

Sperno. As for softness the Romans said Spuo 
from riTucu, so from Trrepua they could say sperno, 
to tread on with the heel. (2) Voss : ' Sperno a 
enrepu, arreipco, I'as irepvS) a irepdoo, a>,) to scatter in 
the way.' To fling away, says Riddle. (3) Or, 
says Voss, 'for separino from separo, as Nato, 
Natino. Ennius: Jus se a malis spemiL So 



Temno from Te/xuco.' E, as grAssus, grEssus. 
(4) From <rcpi>pov, the heel. E, as socErus for 
kicTpds. 

Injuria. In — , not, for dv — as in av6<rios. And 
this, to avoid harshness, as in Anjustus, Anfelix, 
Andignus. So strlngo from crpAyyca. For jus 
see on 1. 293. 

Forma. Moppet, (poppa, forma, as Mwu, Nwu, 
Num. 

28.] Invisus. Which cannot be seen with 
pleasure. Or from invideo, to look upon with bad 
feelings. 

Rapio. From pairdta, transposed from apiraw, 
hpirdaca. As tc/cw becomes Scio, and conversely 
pocpea, op'pew, Sorbeo. 

Hoxos, Honor. From S>vos, &vop, a price, value, 
payment, as Tio>, to value, honour, is also to pay, 
and Tio/jicu, to exact payment. H added as in Hau- 
rio, Horreo. H to 6, as <f>Hpa, fera; olor from 
<p86p, cpdos. (2) From bvdw, 6va>. ovnyn, to aid, 
profit, delight. From the ancient buri, whence 
bvivntxi, says Becman. 

29.] Accendo. Cando or candeo from yavSdca, 
a>, explained xdfxiroo by Hesychius ; from ydvos, 
brightness. (2) From canus, white; whence (as 
Aveo, Avidus, Avideo, Audeo,) canidus, canideo, 
candeo. 

Super. Ab vnlp, as vir\ Sup, Sub. 

iEQUOR. Ab cequus, level. Pindar has tt6vtov 
irXdica. j?Equor is used for 'planities campi' in 
Georg. 1. 50. 

Totus. From tot. So many as there are, all 
that there is of them. (2) As cAUdex, cOdex, 
totus from -rb avrb, tclvto. The very thing itself. 
(3) Contr. from to<tovtos. 

30.] Relliqule. Bel for ret, retro. And liquo, 
UNquo. 

31.] Arceo. 'Ap/cew, propulso. 

Per. From irepu>, ireipw or Trepdw, to pass through, 
transfix, 11. 5. 460. (2) Scaliger from irapd, -nap', 
as nap oXov rbv ploy, through one's whole life. 
So irAcraaXos, pEssulus. 

Annus. Liddell: ' y Evoy or eVos, the Lat. annus; 
hence SUvos; and evos or 'hos, a year old, last 
year's : %vn koI vea, the old and new day.' A, as 
mAgnus for mEgnus. (2) Riddle from an, i. e. 
circum, as in Anfractus, for am, hjx<pi. Compare 
Anulus or Anitulus. Indeed some refer it to anus 
whence anxdus : like Gr. iviavrbs, as Virgil : In se 
sua per vestigia volvitur annus. And to this am 
some refer the M in soleMnis, biMus, &c. 

Erro. Liddell : '"Ep'pw, the Lat. erro : to wander 
without object; strictly of a halting gait, whence 
Hephaistos is called ippw, limping. To go or 
come to ruin.' So cpdeipofiai is to wander: Blomf. 
on Pers. 457. 

Actus. 'Akt^s ; or dy<a, ago, aytum, actum. 



jENEID, BOOK I. 25—38. 



Mare. From jxdpS) the fut. 2. of/xeipco, to divide, 
separate, whence perhaps papr), the hand as divided 
into fingers. Thus from <pA4yw, <$>AayS) is Flagro; 
from ireipw, -napw is Pario ; from <pep<a, <papu> was 
(paperpa. Or even from the fut. 1. fiepw, as rEor, 
rEtus, rAtus; sEro, sEtus, sAtus. Horace: Qua 
medius liquor Secej»nit Europen ab Afro. (2) From 
fivpu, fut. of fJ-vpw, to flow : as kTvos, cAnis; /cTA<|, 
cAlix. (3) Some refer to our word mere or small 
lake, Goth. mir. Our word mere is also a boundary 
or ridge of land ; but this is referred by Dr. John- 
son to Gr. (j.elpa>. 

Circum. From Kipicos, a circle. So Idcircb. 

33.] Moles. As Bup/j.^ and Mvp/u.^, BoAybs 
and MoAybs, were interchanged, moles may pro- 
ceed from jScDAos, a mass. As (TtvttO^,, stipES. 
(2) From /jluiAos, /jlSaos, toil; /xoAis with difficulty : 
hence any thing made or raised with difficulty. In 
' Tantse molis erat' molis is fxwAov. (3) The word 
fj-wAos, like moles, is a mole, pier or manufactured 
harbor, found in Epigr. Adesp. 370. (Steph. 6220.) 
But the date of this word seems uncertain. (4) Sca- 
liger from mdla a mill-stone, 'always of large 
bulk.' (5) Sir W. Drummond says: l Mul in Cel- 
tic signifies a heap, a mound. Hence Lat. moles.' 

Eram. From iav, it\v. As fxovcrdcov, musaRuM. 

34. Vix. As Vixi for Vivsi from Vivo ; Nix for 
Nivs, Nivis ; Proximus for Propissimus, Propsi- 
mus ; so vix for vibs shortened from viribus, as 
fxdyis and fx6\is were said for fxdyots, /aSaols. \Vith 
one's might. Compare Mox on 3. 274. (2) As 
Bup/rrj! for MvpfXT)£, fi6yis, M. pvyis, might be 
changed to fivyis, bix or vix, as Btw, Vivo. 

E. From ex, e|, as a for Ab. So our To and 
fro', for From. 

Conspectus. Specio transp. from fficeiria fut. of 
aKeirlfa, from o-Keirrofxcu. So eKTrayAos transp. for 
eKirAayos. Thus also Aspicio, Inspicio. 

TELLUS. TeAAow', i. e. TeAAovcra or avarcAAovcra 
yrj, making to spring up. (2) From SrjAvs or 
frrjAAvs ; or SaAAovaa, SaAAova'. As &pia/j.€os, 
Triumphus ; pEllex from 7rAAAa£. 

35.] Velum. For vexillum, as Paxillus, Palus ; 
Maxilla, Mala. From veho, vexi, vexum. A flag 
carried, then a sail, curtain. 

Ljetus. As Lacryma from AdKpvfia, Licet from 
Alien, Levir from AaF^p • so Icetus from 8o.it6s. 
And as Durus is hard in the manner of (Sovpv) 
wood, Icetus is gay and joyous in the manner of 
banquets. Barnes translates etfSewryoi San-es in Eu- 
ripides ' loeta convivia,' and Goes translates ydw^ai 
dcurbs in the same ' Icetor onustus lauto convivio.' 
(2) As 'I/cTi5e7j became Kt iBerj, 'E/cetj/os Kelvos, 
'lAvfibs Limus, 'EptTfibs Remus, so lAaoros became 
Icetus. Hesychius : 'lAa6ri • lAapy. M, as /xova AO, 
musiE. 

Spuma. From spuo ; and this corrupted for 



softness (as STernuo from UTapvvu,) from 7rrt5a> ; 
through TTrfjw, o-jrvw as Trjres, Stjtcs ; or through 
eairTvo), 'airTvw, oitvca. — Hesychius has if/uTTet • 
7TTuet. If xpvTTco was preceded by ypvoo, iraico, we 
have airfju, spuo. 

Sal, Salis. From fxAs, aAbs, as "AAAo/xm, Salio ; 
'Tirep, Super. 

Ms. From a word alais, splendor, from aXQu, 
aXaca. Homer has aXdoira x^^Su. 

Ruo. As in Obruo, Diruo; Eruo, to throw or 
pull up or down. It is also, as in Irruo, to throw 
oneself forward, haste, rush. From pvca, whence 
pvardfa, to drag, drag along violently. 

36.] Quum, Cum. From /cat op i. e. xp^> vov '• 
' And at what time.' As /nup-rON, myrtUM. 

iETERNUS. As Semper, Sempiternus ; so cevum, 
oeviternus, ceternus. 

Servo. As "Epa, Sero ; ElSos, Sidus ; so epvw, 
seruo, servo, as volUo, volVo. In the sense of 
ipvofxai. 

Sub. As virhp, Super ; so inr\ sup, then sub as 
all', aB. 

Pectus. From irrjKTbs, compact, firm. From 
the solidity of the breast-bone. As arepvov is 
orspwo'v. 

Vulnus. Properly a wound healed, from 01/A77, 
whence a word FovAwos, vulnus. (2) From ovAios, 
fatal. ' A deadly wounded man,' Ezek. 30. 24. 
(3) Haigh from dAodca, to cudgel ; whence FaAo'ivbs, 
valnus, vulnus, as Culmus from KdAa/xos. 

37.] Se. Ab e, as "El, Sex. Se is long, as Me 
in this line from Me, and so Te from Te. 

Inceptum. In-capio 123. To take in hand. 

De. From St', 8ta, at an interval or distance off, 
as 5t J oAiyov, dia iroAAou, and in compounds as 8«- 
<rTa/j.ai, to stand apart from, like desisto. E, as evol, 
evoE : potE from ttot! : ferE from trepl. (2) De 
from &e, (as &ebs, Deus,) in ovpav6de, &c. 

Sisto. From tarti, as *Ef, Sex. 

Vinco. As 2<pdAAw, Fallo ; so acpiyyo), (to bind 
tight,) vinco, as Venenum from $evr)vbv, and 
amurCa from a/xopT^. Psalm 149. 8. : To bind 
their kings with chains, and their nobles with 
fetters of iron. (2) As 'Pocpw, 'Op<pea>, Sorbeo, 
and much as 'Apiraai, Rapio, so vikw, Ivku, vinco, as 
bxAos, FoAxos, Vulgus ; l£bs, Viscus. (3) As the 
perfect is vici, vinco may be from the same root as 
ico digammated, i. e. etna perfect of 'Irj/xi, to shoot, 
hurl at, smite : allied to IdAAa, idirro). 

38.] Possum. For potis sum ; poles for potis 
es; potest for potis est 9. 796.; poteram for potis 
eram, &c. Potis and pote are from irori, which ex- 
presses what looks towards, respects or concerns, 
appertains or belongs to, any one : and they there- 
fore mean having the office, right or power of 
doing. Potis is shortened tOj pos in possum, com- 
pos, &c. 

B 4 



8 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



39.] Quippe. For quidpe ; why? Thus ' 1 
drink, because I am thirsty,' is the same as ' I 
drink, why ? I am thirsty.' Pe is irp, quodam- 
modo : as in Nempe. See on Quin 279. — Arnold 



for 



qui ape. r 



Veto. Like the verb Antiqno and Gr. ira.ha.i6w, 
from vet as, I put out of date, repeal. (2) From 
ferbs, in vain : Ferw, I frustrate. (3) From 'cperw, 
d^ereo), formed from HQeros, rejected. So Mulgeo 
from 'AfioXyea), '/xoXyeu). 

Exuro. Uro ab evw, to singe, as whs, nuRus ; 
eav, eRam. So diRimo. The aspirate dropt as in 
"EA/coj, Ulcus. 

Classis. Any class or order, from kXow, k4- 
K\aaaai. A fraction. (2) From K\rjo-is, kX<xo~is, 
K\acr(ris, a convocation of citizens, soldiers or 
sailors. Some derive it in this sense (as well as 
Classicum) from calo, are, to summon, KaXw; whence 
calassis, from the form of Levasso, or like traTpiZw, 
patriSSo. 

40.] Ipse. For is-pse. Is from os, as Olle, 
Ille ; "OfiSpos, Imbris. The aspirate dropt as in 
Ulcus, Annus. — Thus^ 8' os, And he said, Plato. 
Kal 6s, Ae'|oj/ rj/xiv, ec/>7j, Xen. 'AXXa Kal 6s, Homer, 
4 Sed et is,' Clarke. A Os, says Liddell, is ' this, 
that.' So 6s Kal us, this and that. — Pse, from ij/e 
Doric of a<pk, him, himself. So Eapse. 

Potui. Pods fui : vs. 38. 

Submergo. ' Long hesitating,' says Becman, 
' whether mergo was from mare, I became convinced 
of it by Joseph Scaliger.' And justly ; for, as 
Jure ago is Jurgo, and Navem ago is Navigo, so in 
mare ago is mar go or mergo, as grEssus for gr Assus, 
pEssulus from irAaaaXos. (2) From fiepco, to divide 
i. e. the water, as Svtttco is allied to dva, to go under 
(the water). GO, as rp.^yw, Tpwyw. 

Pontus. Uovros. 

41.] Noxa. Noceo, nocsi, noxi,as Luceo, Luxi. 
And noceo from vvyi<a fut. of vvo-aw, to pierce, 
puncture. As ju.TA.cc, mOla ; fjaaTeu, misCeo. (2) 
Becman from a word veKvw to kill, from v4kvs. 

Furia. Furo from irvp6u), S>. In a neuter sense, 
to be on fire or fiery : or a word irvpeu, <£. F, as 
Fornax from Uvpvos. (2) From (popbs, boisterous, 
as nUmerus from vOfxos, op. (3) Salmasius from 
(popu iEol. for &op£>, to spring up, whence bovpos. 
(4) Voss from <pvpa>, <pi>pw : ' Furentes omnia tur- 
bant.' 

42.] JoVTS. Zei's, Zeus, as ircus, iraXs ; Je'is, as 
Zvybv, Jugum ; and Jovis, as vEos. vEFos, nOVus. 

Rapidus. From rapio, as Gelidus. From tor- 
rents dragging all before them. The Greeks say 
pificpa from plirTw. 

Jaculor. Jaculum a jacio 3. As Spiculum. 

Nubes. As uovaos and uovo-6w from v6<ros, so 
yvoxxpos or yvovcpa> from yv6<pos, darkness. Hence 
nubes, as (rruirOS, stipES ; or nubo and thence nubes. 



r, as TvAo-ku, Nosco ; and B, as au*a>, amBo. (2) 
From the root of vvjx<pri, i. e. vvtyw or vvS(t>, allied to 
ve<pos. 

Ignis. From alyrijs (as Ttfj.rjs, &c.) iEolic for 
alyXfjs, alyX-qeis, bright, brilliant : as (piNns, fiNde, 
jSe'NTio-Tos *iEol. for (piAns, &c. (2) From Invbs 
JEol. for lirvbs, a stove or furnace. The thing held 
for the thing holding, as Zona, a purse, from Zwvq, 
a girdle. (3) From Sanskrit agni. 

43.] Disjicio. Bis from Stc — in diardfa, the 
2 in this word however belonging to the part 
ordfa. (2) Or from Sis or hi(rar6s. Bp. Butler : 
• Dis bears the sense of separation, as when a 
thing is made into two pieces.' (3) Or the S can 
be added to di, in 8ieipya>; as in Abs — , Obs — , 
Subs — , and Prses — in Praesens. (4) Dumesnil 
thinks dis shortened from diversim. 

Ratis. A quantity of timber, and formerly of 
osier, reed, &c. fastened together for floating. 
Thus Pliny says : ' Etiamnum in Britannico 
Oceano vitiles naves corio circumsut.e sunt : in 
Nilo ex papyro et scirpo et arundine.' And thus 
Virgil has • sutilis cymba' 6. 414. Hence ratis (as 
from pd6Sos is Radius,) is from pairrbs, parrbs, 
stitched. IS, as 6fi§pOX imbrlS. (2) As Ros 
perhaps from Ap6o~os, and Utvjo-is, Tussis ; so ratis 
from Spdrbs, II. ^. 169. Made of pealed bark or 
hide. 

Ventus. Ab aivros from 6t7j/it, to blow : as 
Olvos, Vinum ; Atriov, Vitium. — Some from venio, 
ventum, as II. 9. 6. : 'Hs &vefj.ot Zvo 'EA0ONT ej-airivrjs. 
But this is purely accidental. 

44.] Expiro. Spiro from o-naipoo, aairalpu), to 
pant. As dxAIol, achlvi. 

TRANSFIGO. Upavs, (i. e. irepav 's for iripav is : 
Liddell quotes itspav els rr\v 'Aaiau $iagr)vai,) JEol. 
rpavs, trans, as conversely XlTpa became xinpa, 
liBra; and as directly sTudeo from o-riuSew. — 
Others from trepav only, considering S to be added 
as in Abs — , Obs — , Subs — : an addition arising 
from euphony before consonants. 

Figo. James Bailey says : ' As Fallo from 
~2<pdxXu, so Figo from ~%<piyya). Had the etymolo- 
gists seen this, they would not have been so absurd 
as to derive Fallo from *tjAw, or figo from n-frya}. 
This was the process : a<piyyw, (plyyw, (piyco, (as the 
Latin Tango, Tago ; Pango, Fago,) figo.' — But the 
N in Tango, Pango was an addition, not an omis- 
sion. Therefore from ^70? was figo, as Fido from 
TleiQw, Fundus from IT w8a| ; and I, as pHy^a, 
rlma ; fivpfitlKa, formica. So fllgo, &c. (2) From 
<piu), a supposed root of <pifxbs, <pi/j.6a), o-cpiyyca, allied 
to 7rico in itlap, ttvw in irvuvbs, Tt6(a in irw/xa a lid : 
hence figo, as rpwYCl, r/x^Yn,. 

Flamma. $\ey/xa, (pXefifxa, flamma, as m Agnus 
for mEgnus. Or from iritpXayixai, like <pXayS> 
whence Flagro. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 39—51. 



45.] Turbo. Apuleius says : Turbo dicitur 
qui omnia perturbat : but I prefer the following : 
As 2<pdAAcu, Fallo, and as also rpox^, transposed 
ropx*o>, torqueo, so crrpoSwp becomes rop€wv, to? bo, 
and turbo, as vOltus, vUltus. N dropt, as Uhdrwv, 
Plato. 

Scopulus. 2/co'ireAos. 

Acutus. Acuo from ok^, a point : or nearer 
from o/cow for aKaao) fut. of a/cafu; ; as €KA§a, 
hecUba. 

46.] Ast. Home Tooke : ' I am not afraid of 
being ridiculed for deriving ast from adsit, adst, 
ast, at, by any one who will give himself the 
trouble to trace the words, corresponding to But, 
of any language to their source.' Yet it is rather 
for at sit, and at is from aire, out', on the contrary, 
as pArum from trPSfpov. 

Ego. "E.yw. 

Divus, Dius. From bios, hlfos, divine. 

Incedo. Cedo, x 1 ?^, from Ke'x7?8a perf. of x^fr"- 
Thus Ion. BeKofxzi for SeXofiai. 

47.] Soror. From an iEolic word Spbp, Spbs, 
(as 7rcus became iraip, puer,) from eopa perf. mid. of 
cpw, to connect, as from eop/xcu was dpfxadbs, series, 
a row. S, as "Opos, Sors ; 'OA/cbs, Sulcus. That is, 
connexa; a connexion, relation. Thus, as Voss 
observes, ' Patrueles, consobrini, amitini are called 
in Greek auetyiol from avdirrofiaC As to the sex, 
this would depend entirely on the arbitrary use of 
the word, which fixed it to the feminine, as in 
the case of Conjux below. — Wachter mentions 
epos, a connexion or relation ; JE. epop, seror, soror, 
as uEos, nEvus, nOvus ; Fefiw, vEmo, vOmo. — 
Others from sero, to connect; as pOdex from 
pEdo ; pOndus from pEndo. 

Conjux. For conjunx, from jungo, junxi: or 
conjuyis from jugo, jungo, as in Conjugium. 

Cum. For com: see on vs. 5. — Some refer it 
to avv. ' Thus,' says Maittaire, ' Cucumis is from 
ZZikvos ; and the form of the Latin C and the Greek 
C is the same.' 

48.] Quisquam. For aliquisquam. Quam, as 
in Nunquam, Neutiquam : from tcav, kt\v, from kos : 
quadam ratione, quodammodo. M, as jttoOo-AN, 
musAM. 

Adoro. Ab os, oris. Dumesnil : ' To salute 
with the profoundest reverence, in lifting up the 
hand to the mouth.' — But others from oro. Ear- 
nestly to speak to in prayer, or to supplicate. 

49.] Pr^terea.. Prater from prce, before, 
beyond. ' Probably,' says Bp. Butler, ' from irpal 
for irpb, as diral, viral, for airb, wro.' Or from 
irapal, taken as irapa, beyond. Ter, as Inter, Subter. 
See on vs. 107. 

Ea. Like Eum, Earn, Eo. Judging from ii and 
Us, we may suppose ea soft for ia, eum for ium, &c. 
Jam also is iam. Now is seems to have made ia, 



ium, ii, &c. on the model of Durus, Dura, Durum, 
as if it had been ius. 

Aut. Ab aire, air', on the contrary : again. 

Supplex, Supplicis. From sub, plico, 7rAeW 
Folding the knees under, bending the knees. 
Ainsworth adds, ' and the hands also.' 

Ara. From atp<a, to raise, says Riddle. Whence 
a word alpa, ara. — Rather from apa, a prayer. 
The place of supplication of the Gods The first 
A of the Greek is sometimes long. (3) But Ma- 
crobius states it was formerly written asa, for ansa, 
as being handled by the suppliants. Virgil : Aras- 
que tenentem. Cicero : Is si aram tenens juraret. 
Horace : Aram si tetigit manus. Plautus : Tene 
aram hanc. Ansa was also a handle : as soft for 
hansa from kando 2. 322. R, as heRi from x^2, 
7rotP for 7rcu*5, and auSis into auRis 152. 

Impono. Clarke says on II. O. 472. : ' Pono is 
put for po-sino.' And here he stops. But po-sino 
is for post-sino, as Pomcerium for Postmoerium, 
Pomeridies for Postmeridies, Poples for Postples 
9. 762. From postsino is posino, pono -, from postsitum 
is positum ; from post-sivi is im-posivit in Plautus. 
Now sino is to lay or place, as situs, us, is position, 
situation, and situs the participle is laid or placed. 
Post is behind or next in order. So that pono is 
properly to place next, a sense which became 
merged in the general one of placing. Quod 
nomen, says Cicero of Superstitio, patuit postea 
latius. Thus Respondeo lost its original meaning : 
see on 1. 585. 

50.] Talis. Tt}\Ikos, raAlicos, corrupted to 
raXlus, tSA:|, and talis, as aAcu7r^H, FacoAir^s., 
VulpeS ; Tpa<p7jE, rpacps., trabS. See Qualis 316. 

Cor. From iceop JEolic of Keap, as irais, iraCp, 
irS'ip, puer. — Or cordis is from Kapdtas, as 8A/u&), 
dOmo ; pOrrum from irpaaov, irapaov, irAppov. 

Voluto. Volvo, volutum 9. 

51.] Nimbus. As &d/x§os from 3-*j7ra», &p6pL€os 
from rpe<pa> coagulo, rv/x§os from rv(pa>, so nimbus 
from viirroD through a word vi/x6os, as washing the 
earth and flowers. As Cowper : ' The rose had 
been wash'd, just wash'd in the showers.' (2) As 
M is added for the sound in pi/J.<pa, ?a/ji.§os, rumpo, 
&c. so nimbus from v4<pos, for nembus, as rEyyoi, 
tlngo ; and ai&w, amBo. Nimbus, says Riddle, is 
a dark cloud bringing storm. 

Patria. That is, terra : from pater, patris, as 
irarpls from irarpSs. The land of one's fathers. 

Locus. As Lacryma from Adfcpv/jia, Licet from 
Aikt], Levir from AaF^p, so locus from Sonbs or 
doxbs, as capable of containing, like x^P 0S for 
%aopos from x« w » X"^ to contain. (2) As Sedes, 
a spot or place, from Sedeo, so locus from AeAox« 
pf. mid. of xiyofxai, to lie down. 

Fetus, Foztus. From the old feo, whence Fe- 
cundus, Femina : allied to fio, the old <pi« whence 



10 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



<p7rv, <fHTva>, and to /mo, <pvw. From <plco might have 
been ,/ea, as bEo from j8I«. 

Atstkr. As Ansa is soft for Hansa, so cluster 
for hamster from fnturio, haustum, to draw up liquids. 
As drawing up the vapors of the earth and sending 
them down in rain : whence it is called n6tos from 
NotIs, moisture, and Humidus cluster. Jerome calls 
it Pincerna pluviarum. (2) From avaros ab oyco. 
But this should rather mean parched, dry, than 
hot, which is the character of this wind, as ' Tepido 
noto' in Ovid: though the senses easily coincide. 
And Hesychius has Adacu • (pAe£cu, which would 
agree with the sense of hot. 

52.] Vastus. From Fdarrv. As large as a 
city. As Oppido is much, and Ingens from Gens. 

(2) Riddle from the other sense of waste, deformed, 
awkwardly great. In that other sense Dumesnil 
from vastatus, as Servus for Servatus. Empty, 
desolate. 

iEoms. From a\6\os, various. 

AXTRDBI. "Avrpov. 

53.] Luctor. As Stella from 'Ao-T^p through 
Astella, and Mulgeo from 'A/noXyew, so luctor from 
a\vKTa>nat. From the distress, anxiety, and un- 
easiness of the struggle, from which the figurative 
sense flows in the word Agony from 'Aycbv, and in 
"A9\ios from T A0Aos, and which might have origi- 
nated the word luctor, as well as have followed in 
the words above as a figurative meaning. (2) From 
aAvKTos, indissoluble. From the grasp of wrestlers. 

(3) From iXvca, to fall prostrate, taken actively, 
whence eXvKTeu formed like aAv/crew. Thus For- 
cellini defines Luctator ' qui alterum prosternere 
nititur.' (4) From the inclining attitudes of 
wrestlers ; from Svttttjs, a diver ; iEol. \vktt)s. A s 
Adupv/xa, Lacryma, &c. (5) Supposing that Ao^bs 
and luxare (membra) are from XiXo^ai perf. pers. 
2. of xiyo^ai whence Aexpios, (as Tecta cubaxtia, 
sloping, in Lucretius,) then from pers. 3. AcAoktcu 
could be luctor, as our Wrestle from Wrest. 

Tempestas. From tempus, as Egestas, Majestas. 
Good or bad weather or season. 

Soxorus. From sonus 201. : as Decorus. 

54.] Lmperium. Impero from paro, ' to manage, 
regulate, direct,' (Riddle). So TaWo has these 
senses. 

Premo. Corrupted from ^dprj/xa, Pprnxa, a 
weight : formed as Clamo in the latter derivations 
given on vs. 87. P as Bparrbv, Bparrbv, Pratum ; 
and much as Fremo from Bpefuc. And e, as <pHpa, 
fera; *H7rap, T H/ca/>, jecur; meto from dfiHrbs, 
harvest. 

Ac. Atque, atq, aq, ac, as Neque, Nee. 

Vixclum. Vincio 295. 

Carcer. As properly, a prison, for coarcer, from 
coarceo, coerceo, as dp/cry ab elpyca. Fronto has 
4 co'erceri carcere.' So some derive Cacumen from 



Coacumen. (2) From yopyvpa, a subterraneous 
hole, as in Herodotus : eV yopyvpy ideSero. As 
rwpvrbs, Corytus ; lAncea from AOyxr?. (3) From 
KapKapa in Hesychius, a pen for cattle. And he has 
Kapxapoi chains. (4) As a goal, from calx, calcis, 
a goal: soft for calcer. As fiaAibs, vaRius. (5) 
Isaac Voss from epicop, epnos. C, as"ETepos, Cete- 
rus. A, as m Agnus for mEgnus. 

Fr^xo, Frexo. Frago, (as in Crucifragium,) 
fraginum, fru'inum, frcenum, as Regnum, Dignum, 
and as Providens, Proidens, Prudens. ' Quo im- 
petus frangitur animalium : ' Becm. (2) Frendo, 
frendinum,frenum. Quo frendunt equi. 

55.] Ixdigxor. Indignum puto. 

Magxus. For megnus, as "Evpos, Annus ; 
(pXEyfj.a, flAmma; from jxsyvbs JEol. for fteyaAos, 
fj.ey\bs, as riAQov, rjNdov : (piAris, (piNrts. — Others 
for maginum from fieyas, as Aiia], Dicnum, Dignum. 
Riddle from a supposed old verb mago, ere, from 
jxeyas. 

Murmur. From (xopfivpw, vpa>, to roar as water. 

Moxs. As sOntis from o-Ij/ttjs, and much as 
pOndus from pEndo, is montis from mineo, minitum, 
mintum, (as Teneo, Tentum,) to project over. So 
many suppose promOntorium put for promlnito- 
rium. Caesar has Montes qui impenderent. (2) 
As B and M were interchanged in BoXybs, MoXybs ; 
BvpiJ.r}t, Mvpur)£ ; so Soovbs, JEol. for fiovvbs, could 
through /jLoepbs produce nw?is, as 7eNOS, geNS. 
St. Luke has 7rSv 6pos kcl\ fiovvos. And Donnegan 
translates fSovvoeidijs, mountainous, hilly. (3) As 
some derive Pons for Pors from tr6pos, my learned 
Father used to derive mons from ttpos, vors, vons, 
for softness mons, since V and M are letters of the 
same organ. Thus proMulgo is usually thought 
to be put for proVulgo, though otherwise from 
Trpoo/JLoAoyco. 

56.] Claustrum. Claudo, clausum. 

Fremo. From Ppe/xco, as BKvco, Fluo. 

Celsus. Cello, celsum, from KeAAw, o/ceAAw, to 
move on, drive forwards, whence procella, antecello, 
excello, excellens. Here, to drive upwards. So 
Excelsus. 

Sedeo. Ab eSe'w formed from %$u, %5ov, whence 
e'Sos. As*E|, Sex. 

57.] ScEPTRUM. 'XKriirrpov. 

Mollio. Mollis for mobilis, moblis, easy to be 
moved, pliant, soft. In Georg. 2. 389., Heyne ex- 
plains mollia by mobilia, and in 3. 76, Ceruti does 
the same. Mobilis eetas, in 3. 165., as said of the 
young, is pliant. 

Tempero. I assign a certain (tempus) season 
or measure to, deal with things as is seasonable or 
convenient. 

58.] Ni. For nisi, as Nihil, Nil. Ni in nisi 
as in Nimirum. 

Facio. Hesychius has (baveiv • iroieiv. And from 



iENEID, BOOK I. 52—67. 



11 



(pavco, <pava (as iraiw, iratu, paVio,y could be fa Cio, 
as (pdos, faCis ; atrios, speCus. Qavw is <pdw, cpalvu, 
to display, exhibit, as Plato : iroAAa Kal /caAa Ip7a 
airecppuauTO els iravras dvQpwirovs. Besides, Teux&>, 
facio, allied to which is apx iT€/CTa "'> is allied to 
t4kw, t'iktqo, to make to appear. (2) As paCiscor 
is for paGiscor from pago, pango ; and as Fornax 
from Uupvos ; so facto can be soft for pagio (as 
patlOr from irddos, and as orlOr from opu,) from a 
■word Trayiui formed from irr^w, Trriyw/xi, whence 
vavrniyeoo, to make ships. Nor is a double change 
uncommon, as in BaTbv, VaDum ; TIc'iOw, FiDo. 

Profundus. Pro is procul. Fundus, the bottom, 
from 7rw8a|, as Corvus from KSpFa!-. Indeed 
Schneider mentions a word nwdos. F, as Fornax 
from Tlvpvos. 

59.] Verro. Properly, says Servius, to draw, 
drag. From Spvco, to drag along, fut. ipvaa, contr. 
epa-ci), eppw, F eppco, verro, as tfpos, Veris. — Or, as 
vpw, opera, so £pu>, epaw, eppco, since from epw are 
ipvco, epcos, tpx<>iJt.cu, &c. 

Aura. Afya. 

60.] Omnipotens. As potes for potis es, so 
potens for joofw ews : cms, entis, (as in Absens, Prse- 
sens,) iE. ets, zvtos, for &v, ovtos : properly formed 
from elfx.1, like $els-, &4vtgs. 

Spelunca. 27T7JAu7|, ace. U77C1. 

Abdo. Like Condo vs. 5. 

Ater. AlBbs, black, JE. aldbp, (as arboS, arboR,) 
aQop, ater, as AlQpiov, Atrium. See Utor 64. E, 
as aspEr from 'dairOpos ; numErus from v6[iOs, 
vofxOp. 

62.] Dedi. Do, dedi, as Sto, Steti. 

Fcedus. As Grammarians suppose a verb awe/Soo 
(like o-7T€j/8a>) to account for o-rrdaco fut. of OTreVSco, 
SO (as \onrbs from Aenra>, AeAoi7ra ; fxoapa from fieipca, 
/j.€fxoipa,) from eo-n-oiSa could be a-7ro?Sos or <r(po?8os, 
like o-rio77os and a*o77os ; whence fozdus, as 
S^aAAw, Fallo. Thus foedus answers to o-irovS-/). 
(2) Or, as Fido from Ueidca, so from 7re7roi0a might 
be a word tto?6os, fcedus. A declaration or solemn 
assurance, like Fides. (3) Some from hcedus : a 
kid being supposed to be sacrificed on the occasion. 
As vlbs, Fv'ibs, Filius. 

Certus. Cerno, (234), cernitum, certum. De- 
termined, fixed, established, certain. Kenpifihov 
olpov is certum II. |. 19. See on Discrimen 234. 

63.] Laxus. Soft for laxtus, laxatus, (as Libe- 
ratus, Libertus,) from laxo; this (much as TdXanros, 
Lactis,) from x a Aa|o> ^Eol. fut. of x«^« w , to loosen. 
(2) From A777C0, to leave off; A?j£a>, JE. Aa£a>. 

Scio. As Sudes from "ToSos, Rapio from 'Ap~ 
iraS> -. so scio from foitca, ckiw. "Ickcu eKaaros dv^p 
is explained by Liddell ' fancied like, imagined, 
supposed;' and hence it could mean to believe so 
firmly as to speak for certain. For thus iirio-Tafj.ai 
' is in Herodotus to be assured of a thing, believe ; 



but in Attic to know for certain, know well : ' Lidd. 
So says Brunck : ' Non tantum Scio, sed etiam 
Puto, apud Herod, ssepissime.' 

Jussus. Some refer jubeo to fa§ia> i. e. SiaSidca or 
Sta§tdofxat, as Zoybv, Jugurn ; KAAa/xos, cUlmus : — 
Or to £a<pd<t>, for b~ta<pdw, b~id<pr)fAt, as /xaSAD,, madEO ; 
— Or to ucpe'co, ixplrj/xi, to lay or put under, subject ; 
as ^Hrrap, JE. wKap, Jecur ; — Or to jits kabeo ; — 
but, as from $6§a is Huba, Juba, so from <f>o§e« is 
Hubeo, Jubeo; for the iEolians said /xYyis for 
fjiOyis, 0-rTiJ.a for cr-rO/xa. Now <po€4u> is to frighten : 
hence to menace or command in a frightening 
manner, as Shakspeare : * An eye, like Mars', to 
threaten and command.' * into the aspirate, as 
4>eD, Heu, and Herba from $ep§a> ; and J, as T)nap, 
Jecur, above. Compare Juvo 203. 

Habena. From habeo, to hold. As held in the 
hand, (as is seen in Gr. rjvioxos,) or as holding in 
the horses. 

64.] Vox, Vocis. As Regens, Regs, Rex ; so 
vocans, vocs, vox, from voco, and this from /3o<£, as 
Biw, Vivo ; and as airios, speCus ; <pdos, faCis ; Seei, 
deCet. (2) Vox from /3«|<2 from Podaw, JEol. 
j8oa£w. 

Utor. Anciently uto, from euOa, 3>6a, perf. of 
eOco, whence a verb o>0e'w, a>. U, as (pClpbs, f Uris ; 
T, as Aa0e'«, latEo ; aTer ab debs, dQop. Or from 
soida, as pUnio a irOlvf). Oito, uto. 
Est. 'EcttI, %<tt\ 

65.] Nam. As m&v, NcD/*, Num, so fxdv, (iEolic 
of ywrjv,) vdp., nam. Hoogeveen states the power of 
l*7)v to be jSegaiWTi/f^, confirmatory : and nam is the 
confirmation of a previous remark. Thus also 
Quisnam, Quianam, Utinam. 
Tibi. See on Mihi vs. 8. 

Homo. For humo, says Riddle, from humus, i.e. 
earthborn, formed from the earth. And so Lac- 
tantius : but Quintilian laughs at this derivation : 
' As if all animals had not this origin.' Yet men 
are called &vr)To\ and Mortales, Mortals, though all 
animals are so. We have sOboles from sUboles, 
and Humanus with the U. — Yet better from x ^ 
iEolic of x a H- os whence x a M° / ^ ei '? as crpOrbs for 
arphrbs, 'Ovtjp for 'Awqp. We have Hortus from 
Xopros, and thus also is Humus from Xofi6s. — 
(2) Ab 6/jlov : man being a social being. 

66.] Mulceo. As KaAcijUos, Culmus, so fia- 
hafebs, or a word fcaAa/ce'«, JE. /j.oAok4u>, molceo, 
mulceo. 

Fluctus. Fluo, as Fruor, Fructus. 
Tollo. From reAAw, reroXa, to rise, to make 
to rise. The L doubled as in Mellis from Me'At. 
Only one appears in tolero and tuli, from a verb 
toAcw, w, tolo, lolere, whence tolero, as Recipio, Re- 
cipere, Recipero. So /3oAe&>, Matthias 227. 
67.] Inimicus. In-amicus. 
Navigo. Navem ago, as Remigo. 



12 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



68 ] Porto. From <p6pros, a load, cpoprlfa and 
a verb (poprSw, Si, to carry a load. So &(pevos, 
*<pevos, Peuus ; <pcuv6\T)s, Paonula. (2) From <p4pu>, 
irecpoprai, (popT6u>, Si. Hence fortis, fortuna. 

Penates. As presiding over the (pe?ius) pro- 
visions of a house. As Magnus, Magnates. (2) 
From penes, -within. As inhabiting, and worshipped 
in, the interior of the house. 

69.] Incutio. In-quatio, as Percutio. 

Puppis. From itSttol, the gods, their images 
being painted on the stern. Ovid: Puppique re- 
curvae Insilit et pietos verberat unda Deos. Per- 
sius: Ingentes de puppe Dei. (2) Ab iirwms, 
'irwms, fern, of iirair-ns, an overseer. Isaac Voss : 
' Puppis est prospectus navis, et in ea oculi.' Or 
from e7ro7TT7jy, iirSTnr-qs. (3) Corrupted from ear 
oirtaw, 'woirio-o}, behind. 

70.] Corpus. Riddle : ' From Kopfxhs, a log, 
iEol. KopwSs.' So o-mrara for o/i^ara. So "we say 
Peggy, Polly. (2) From XP° 0S > a body ; chroPus, 
as Kaas, laPis ; 8ats, daPis : then corpus. 

Pontus. Uovtos. 

71.] Sunt. As Sum has been deduced from 
obs. eu/u.1, so sunt from the iEolic zvvn, gZut, as 
eTSos, Sidus. Sum however has been referred also 
to eao/xai, Voyii', and sunt to ecroircu, 'gout. For 
esum anciently existed. See on Esse 17. 

Bis. For duis, from duo. See on Duellum 
vs. 5. (2) Matthise: ' AeA<ph>, Moh pe\<p\v, and 
Ah, Lat. Ms.' 

Septem. Ab 67n-a, as*E|, Sex ; Se'/cA, decEM. 

Presto. Stow, aru>, o-Trjaa). Standing above 
others. 

Nympha. NifKpa. 

72.] Pulcher. For pulchrus, from iroAvxpovs, 
having much complexion. 

73.J Connubium. Nubo is here, to cover the 
head with a veil, as brides were wont to do at their 
marriage. See on vs. 42. The u, as in Pronubus. 

Jungo. For jugo, (as Frago, Frango,) from 
£vySj fut. of fciryvvfAi. So Zvybv, Jugum. 

Stabllis. From sto, as Amabilis : except that 
sto and do have the A short, as in statim, datum. 

Proprius. From prope. Near to us, nearly 
affecting us, personal, private, one's own ; also, 
what nearly pertains to our wishes or wants, suit- 
able. Rius, as in Contrarius, Nefarius : and Ebibo, 
Ebibrius, Ebrius, whence So-ebrius, Sobrius. (2) 
Isaac Voss from irpiirca, Triirpcnra., to suit. 

Dico. From SjkcD, Sikolo-u fut. of 5ikcL£w, to decree, 
assign. 

74.] Ut, Uti. For fai, fa ', as vOlt, vUlt. The 
aspirate dropt, as in Arm us, Uro. 

Te. Te, Mo\. of trl See on Se 37. 

Meritum. Mereor from pepos. To have one's 
portion or due. 

75.] Proles. For pro-oles, (as Suboles, So- 



boles,) from oleo to grow; allied to alo and to 
coaleo. Thus not only &Kpos existed, but vKpis ; 
ayicvKos, but ojkos ; fyt§W, but 6fi(pa\6s ; &yw but 
oy/xos ; aAivSe'tt but oKioOea}. But Scaliger thinks 
that oleo is ' tendo ad perfectionem, irpbs rb '6\ou.' 

Parens. For pariens, as Janitor for Januitor, 
Sententia for Sentientia. Pario was properly to 
lay open, bring to light, as is seen in Aperio, Re- 
perio, Comperio : and was from irelpa>, fut. 2. 
irapu, to pierce, cut my way, cleave, as KVfiara 
ireipeiv. — Others from <pepw, (papSi, (whence <pa- 
ptrpa,) to bear, produce. 

76.] Tuus. From tu, as Me, Meus. 

o. v n. 

Opto. Riddle : ' From otttco, Utrropiai to look 
out for anything.' Hence also to choose. Thus 
Virgil: Pars op tare locum tecto. So Adopto. (2) 
As perhaps vikw, Ivkw, Vinco ; so from iro9S>, optho, 
opto, as Aa0e<a, laTeo. 

77.] Exploro. From ploro. To beg from any 
one with tears, like imploro : then to seek out pain- 
fully or earnestly, as Hebr. 12. 17. : nera BaKpvwv 
eK^-nTrjo-as. In ploro is a transposition as in #o- 
cryavov for 'S.tyayavov, Tenebrae from Atvcxppal for 
Avo<pepcu, a/xidpHV for apiQjxdv ; — for, from b\o<pvpa 
or 'Xocpvpw, transposed <p\ovpu, is ploro, as ftOTaa, 
juXlcra, and as $aivo\-ns, Psenula. 

Capesso. From capio, as Facio, Facesso. 

Fas. As Ad from Apud, so fas from <p<xtis, a 
response or oracle of the Gods. Thus fas is what 
is determined by the law of Heaven, Jus by the 
law of man. We find Fas atque Nefas, Fandi 
atque Nefandi. — Others, as Jus from Jussus, so 
fas from fatus. 

Tu. Tu, .Eolic of <rv. 

Quicunque. For qui aliquumque; aliquum an- 
swering to aliquando. Que a Kn or *e. 

79.] Concilio. To join together, unite, attach. 
As Auxilior and Auxilium from Augeo, Auxi, so 
concilio and concilium from co?wio, to call together. 
(2) From calo, to summon, ko.\S>. (3) Others go 
to cilium, the hair of the eyebrows. And cilicium : 
from fullers stuffing together haircloth. But ' nil 
opus.' 

Epul^;. As Disco, Discipulus, so edo, edipuloe, 
epula. (2) Ab e7ra>, a/j.<p^Trco, to prepare victuals. 

Accumbo. Cumbo for cubo, (as laMbo, taNgo,) 
from kv€& fut. of kvtttu, to bend the head. « He- 
sychius explains avaKv-mwo-ai by avarpeipai, in dor- 
sum inclino, resupino. And the Schol. on Nicander 
explains avaKimcaaas by vmiav TroL7)o~as /cat cwao-rpexpas 
kirl vutov : ' Steph. 

81] Ubi, Becman : ' From ottov, as Uti from 
fat.' Or rather from oQi, M. '6<pi : as &>£«, amBo. 
Indeed ocpi might have existed like vav<pi. 

Dico. Adieu, |«, ' to tell,' Lidd. Properly to 
show. Thus to show the way is to tell the way. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 68-91. 



IS 



St. Luke 6. 47.: I will show [or tell] you to whom 
he is like. Dico, says Voss, is merely to show the 
thoughts of my mind. Euripides : t6vV iar]fii)viv 
\6yov. Compare <paivcc and <prmi. 

Cavus. From x«°*> X°-f° s > a chasm. 

Cuspis. From cudo, cusum. ' For the end of a 
spear is beaten out so as to end in a point. As 
Caesum, Caespes, so cusum, cuspis:' Voss. (2) 
Scheid from Ko\pts, k6tt(tis, kootiis, from kStttw, K6\pu>. 

82.] Latus. As the Breadth is the measure 
from side to side, and eupa£ is sideways or aside 
from evpbs, broad, the side might be well called 
from the breadth. Thus latus is ir\a.Tos : ir ne- 
glected somewhat as Ylrixrais, Tussis. Thus many 
deduce latus from -nAdrvs, though I dissent from 
them. 

Vel. From r) 'AX', i. e. r) &AAo, or else. As r)p, 
Ver. — Others from ' si magis veils? or as the im- 
perative of Volo, as Fer of Fero. — In this passage 
vel is Even. Thus : Either the whole, or (even) a 
part will do. Arnold understands it thus: ' Vel 
maximus, the very greatest if you please.' 

Agmen. Ago, agmen, as Tego, Tegmen. A 
drove. Virgil has Agmen agens. Properly, like 
aySfieuov or ay/xevov. 

83.] Porta. From porto. Things being car- 
ried through it in and out. Herodotus has Aew- 
tpSpuv TTvXccav. (2) Allied to nSpos, a passage, 
through ireipu>, iriiroprai, to pierce, divide, whence 
portio. (3) Dumesnil : « Anciently, when they 
were about to build a town, they marked it out 
with a plough, and lifted it up where the entrance 
was to be. Aratrum sustollat, says Cato, et portam 
vocet. Varro : Viam relinquebant in muro, qua in 
oppidum portarent. Porta is the opening made in 
the wall.' But this from Varro supports the first 
derivation. 

Perflo. Tlvw could not be endured by a Roman 
ear, and gave way to <pA&, Jlo, as even among the 
Greeks oTl6yyos to cr$6yyos, and as irNevfxwu to 
irAev/j.Qov, this also coming from irviw, ttvu. For a 
similar cause /cNe'pas was changed to cRepus, 
whence cRepusculum. (2) From #Aeo>, (pAa>, to 
gush out. Ainsworth says : ' Scaliger from (pAaxv. 
<|>A<£, Jlo.' I do not find this sense. Bp. Blomfield 
states that <p\d<a is ' cum crepito quodam frango ;' 
and ira<pKd^u is ' tumultuo, vociferor:' but these 
seem too strong meanings for Jlo, though it is true, 
as Dumesnil states, that Jlamen is used in poetry 
for an impetuous wind. 

84.] Sedes. Sedeo, seat. As eSos from !£». 

Imus. Inferus, inferissimus, injimus, inmus, immus 
whence immb 753. Voss : ' Inferus is called, I be- 
lieve, ab infero : because the dead (inferuntur) are 
committed to the eai'th.' Or from evzpos, pi. hepot, 
h epa : that is, svfcpos, as vAa, v\Fa, sylVa. 

85.] ErjRUS. Edpos. 



Notus. NJtos. 

Creber. As Facio, Faciber, Faber, and Mul- 
ceo, Mulciber, so cresco, crevi, creviber. Thus 
Nosco, Novi, Novimen, Nomen. 

Procella. Pro i. e. procul, as in Profundus. 
And cello, /ceAAw, to drive. A driving storm. 

86.] Africus. Blowing from Africa. 

87.] INSEQUOR. "Eirofj-ai, JE. tfcofiai, htquor, as 
Aeirico, linQUo. Then sgquor, as 'E-nra, Septem. 

Clamor. Dumesnil : ' Clamare i. e. calamare 
from calamus. Properly, to imitate the noise of 
reeds agitated by the winds.' — But clamo is rather 
from KAav/xa, a weeping ; or from KAa/na iEoIic of 
KAr]jxa, whence avaKATj/j-a, a calling out loudly to. 
— If clamor was formed first, and then clamo fol- 
lowed, (as Sdrepos followed from the plur. neut. ra 
erepa, frdrepa,) it might have flowed from a word 
KAay/xbs, (like Kpayfibs,) JE. KAayfibp, clammor, 
clamor. See on Sudor 2. 174. 

Stridor. Strideo, <rrpt54u, formed from eo-TptSo 
perf. of <TTplfa. 

FiUDens. As Torrens i. e. amnis, so rudens i. e. 
funis, making a loud rough noise ; from rudo, pro- 
perly said of the sound made by various animals, 
from ojpvoo, 'piw, whence ruDo, as luDo, clauDo, 
&c. So Rugio from wpvyri, *puyf). 

88.] Eripio. Rapio vs. 28. 

Subito. Subeo, subitum, to go in an underhand 
manner, and rise up on a sudden. 

Dies. From Aibs, whence &8ios is ' in mid day,' 
and Jupiter is called Diespiter as being the father 
of day. Macrobius : Jovem Lucetium Salii in 
carmine canunt, et Cretenses diem Aia vocant. 

89.] Oculus. Hesychius : "Okos and okkos, the 
eye. Hence oculus, as Servus, Servulus. "Okos 
seems to be the iEolic of ottos from oi//. 

Nox, Noctis. Nl/|, PVKTOS. 

90.] Intono. Tono from rSvos, ' said of sounds, 
a straining, pitching:' Lidd. ' Sonus intentus et 
vehemens :' Forcell. (2) From &6vos formed from 
t46ovcl perf. of Selpco, to strike. As AaQia, laTeo. 

POLUS. IISAos. 

Mico. To sparkle. From mica, (as dicax from 
dico,) a very minute shaving of gold, or small 
grain that shines in sand: from /alkkos, small. 
Mico is also, to have a tremulous vibrating motion, 
from the sparkling produced by the vibration of 
helmets, spears, the hands, &c. (2) From the 
obs. [iia>, whence /j.ikkos, (xucphs, allied to obs. /j.6qu, 
whence /uoAco, moveo, and obs. /u.ew, meo. Thus fufios 
is derived from the motions and gesticulations of 
the players. In this case the sense of sparkling 
follows from vibration. See Coruscus 164. 

./Ether. Al6f)p. 

91.] Pr^sens. Like Absens and Potens, from 
iE. e?s, ivTos, from eifil, for wv, ovtos. S added, as 
in Abs, Obs, Subs. 



n 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Intento. Ten to from tendo, tentum 18. 

Mors. From fxSpos, death, as $opbs, Fors ; 
TeVos, Gens. 

92.] Extemplo. As said by the Crier at the 
end of the ceremonies, ' Out of the Temple,' when 
all went out at once. See on Ilicet 2. 424. (2) 
For ex temptdo from tempus. At the time : formed 
like Ex-tempore. (3) Ex templo, on the spot. 

Solvo. For soluo, solution. Auo>, luo. So as in 
Socors for seorsum, i. e. sevorsum, turned to one'self 
from others : as Quorsum is Quoversum. — Pris- 
cian however thinks se is here seem, turned in a 
direction contrary to others. But where is the O ? 

Frigus. 'Viyos, Fptyos, frigus, as payw, Fpayu>, 
Frago, Frango. 

Membrum. From fxeXos, tieAeos, whence mele- 
brum, as Cerebrum ; then melbrum, for softness 
membrum. (2) From fiepos, redupl. fj.efj.spos, (as 
TloXvs, UottoXvs, Populus,) whence memrum, for 
softness membrum, as fxecrrifiepia, fj.ecrritJ.pia, fj-ecrnu.' 
Bpia ; yafiepbs, ya.fj.pbs, yafiBpds. 

93.] Ingemo. Gemo, ytfj.ee, to be heavy laden 
i. e. with grief. As aB-qfioveco from adeca, to satiate. 
(2) From yorifioov. ? 

Duplex, Duplicis. Avo, duo. Plica a plico, 
TrXeicci). So Triplex. 

Sidus. From elSos, a form or figure, as Sarcio 
from 'ApriS> : such words as e?5os, aprico, &£os, 'akros, 
assuming the aspirate by corruption, and then the 
S in its place as in 'Ictw, Sisto ; 'Y7rep, Super ; &c. 
Ovid has ' astra . . formaeque Deorum. ' Crispinus 
on Ovid defines Sidera ' signa pluribus stellis figu- 
rata,' and Voss ' forma? sive figures coelestes e 
stellis.' From dSos is tfdaXou, and Apollonius Rh. 
has ovpavioicriv eih&Xoicnv. Signum also is thus used. 
Indeed elSos may be simply a heavenly appear- 
ance. (2) From sido. ' For stars as they set seem 
(subsidere) to sink into the sea : ' Ainsw. 

PALMA. naAa|U7j. 

94.] Ter. From rph, corrupted into r\ps, and 
rip before consonants, as fJ-^XP iS an( i f^XP 1 - We 
transpose Three into Theer in Thirty. E, as irolp, 
puEr. 

Quater. From rerapa, M. Kerapa, Karepa, 
Ka.T€p\ Or M. Keropa, Kerop'. 

Beatus. Beo from j8«3, ' to live ; espec. to 
live happily : ' Lidd. Used actively. Becman : 
' Plautus : Quod gusto, id beat, i. e. facit irpbs rbv 
fiiov, prodest vitas.' E, as Eum, Earn for Ium, lam, 
like Ii, lis. So avrl, antE. (2) From jSeco, fre'ia, 
fieiouai, i. e. to make to go on well, succeed in life. 
Herodotus : rod fiiov eS ^kovti. We say, How do 
you go on? 

95.] Ante. 'Avrl. 

Os, Oris. Os is both the face or the counte- 
nance and the mouth. If the former is first in 
sense, as Riddle places it, then, (as Apud, Apd, 



Ad,) a>ip, dps, os. — But this sense is generally sup- 
posed rather to flow from the latter, and os is 
derived from ocrcra, ocrcr', the voice, or from St//, the 
voice ; or oris from oapos, £>pos, talk ; the mouth 
being the medium of the voice and of speaking. 
And thus, without reference to derivation, Du- 
mesnil explains os ' that part of the human face out 
of which the sound of the voice comes.' Acts 22. 
14. : ' The voice of his mouth.' Psa. 19. 14. : ' The 
words of my mouth.' Thus the converse is true 
in Lingua, ' the tongue ; hence a speech, language, 
voice:' Ridd. — Or, as e7ro> is to speak, perf. oira, 
there might have been an ancient sense in the word 
Si//, meaning the mouth by which we speak. — Or 
oro preceded os, oris, from Sipos, talk ; and then os 
oris is that ' quo oramus,' by which we speak. 

96.] Contingo. Tango 345. 

Oppeto. Peto, the same as the old beto, whence 
adbiter, arbiter, like aRcesso: beto being from 
j3aTea>, f3arS>, whence aepoSara. So "Eparjv for 
"Apcrnv; grEssus for grAssus. Or beto might be 
from firjTew, G>, as d.fA<pia§r]T€a> ; as jecur from iEol. 
?IKap. (2) Peto from irodca, as 7OJ/U, gEnu ; KaQecv, 
laTeo. (3) Valckenaer from 7reTaw, a>, ireravuvfii, 
extendo (me), like opeyofiai. (4) Riddle : ' From 
Trerco, iriirTca : to fall, fall upon : then, to endeavour 
to reach or obtain.' (5) From iiraircS, 'iranoH. But 
we should thus have probably heard oip/Eto. 

Fortis. As from (pepcv, trifyopfxai was (popfxiy*, 
so from Trecpoprai was cpopros a load, and fortis. Or 
even from fero, fertum, whence fertilis. Thus 
pOndus from pEndo. Voss : Fortitudo est virtus 
perferendarum rerum. Riddle : Fortis, qui fert 
impetum. 

97.] Campus. Voss : I embrace Scaliger's 
opinion that a plain or level place was called 
campus from the riding-course called by the Sici- 
lians Kafxirbs, from Kafxirr], the act of turning round 
horses : whence the pillar round which the chariots 
turned was KafiirT^p. 

98.] Non. N7/ — , as in vrprevOris, and 3>v iEol. of 
ovv. Not then. Ne-on, non, as Sudus for Se-udus. 
(2) The old writers use nenu, i. e. vn — and vv, vw, 
as in v A7e vvv, SevpS vvv. 

Anima. Like animus 11. 

Effundo. Fundo, to pour out, as in libations 1 
from cnrovS}), iEolic crtyovhri, as alloy yos, a$6yyos ; 
then 2 omitted as 2^a\\w, Fallo ; and U for O, as 
fiOASos, bUlbus. (2) Ab vw, Fvca, to pour ; hence 
fuDo, as luDo, clauDo ; and fundo, as taNgo, 
fraNgo. (3) James Bailey from x™- See on 
Fames 216. 

Dextra. Ae£n-epa, dextera. And so Dexter, 
oeqiTepos. 

99.] Teeum. From rrjKe. As sent to a dis- 
tance. (2) From tego, tegulum, or texi, tex ■ilium, as 
Vexillum, Velum. As covering the body in close 



jENEID, BOOK I. 92—108. 



15 



combat, for it is used also in this sense. (3) From 
Krj\ov, JE. rrjAov, as Typos for Ke?uos. (4) Hem- 
sterhuis : From rdu>, rdsAov, Tr\Aov, i. e. /3eAos, was 
telum, jaculum in longum protensum. 

Jaceo. Allied to jacio 3. As Pendo, Pendeo. 

Ingens. Dacier : ' Quod in gentem sufficiat,' 
sufficient for a whole tribe. Festus: Quia gens 
populi est magnitudo, ingentem significat valde 
magnum. So Oppido is Greatly. See on Vastus 
52. (2) Soft for incens : so great that it canuot 
(censer i) be numbered. As ayKvAos, anGulus. 

100.] Unda. From a word olSdwn (from olddvw, 
to swell, like Kvpa from Kua>, tumeo,) oJSva, ohSa, 
(as 6XAos, oAXos, volgus,) whence unda, as irOlva, 
pCEna, pUnio. Euripides has olS/x a\6s. (2) 
From uda ; N inserted as in frago, fraNgo. 

101.] Scutum. From gkvtos, leather. 

Galea. From yaAsa, a weasel, as made of its 
skin. So Kwi-n and UriSeri. 

102.] Aquilo. Hesychius explains aKLpbs by 
6 fioppas. Hence aquiro, as eKofxcu. seQUor ; then 
aquilo, as AeiPiov, liLium. (2) Wachter from 
aquilus, dark, dun, (which from aqua,) as blowing 
from the dark quarters of the North. (3) Scheid 
from an)), whence a word a/ceAos like diceAos. From 
the piercing nature of this wind : ' a nipping and 
an eager air.' (4) Cellarius, too figuratively, from 
its blasts being vehement and rapid like the flight 
(aquilce) of the eagle. 

103.] FERIO. From 7repa> or 7repea> fut. of ireipca, 
to pierce, strike, as Horace ' feriemus agnam.' F, 
as Ilepl, Fere. (2) From /era. Properly of being 
struck by wild beasts, or as it is their nature to 
do so. 

104.] Frango. For frago, as Tago, TaNgo : 
from Fpayw fut. of p-fiyw/ju or of paffcru. The F as 
in Frigus 92. The N does not appear in fregi, 
fractum, naufragus, &c (2) From Ppdx<», to rattle, 
clash, as Bp4pw, Fremo. 

REMUS. 'Eperpbs, 'perfjibs, as eK€iJ/o?, Keivos. 
Retmus, remmus, remus. — Dumesn. from ramus. ? 

Prora. Upwpa. 

105.] Cumulus. As Humerus from &/xos, so 
cumulus from x^/" ^ (as'O/cos, Oculus,) in Hesy- 
chius, 'by whom it is explained awpbs, acervus, 
cumulus : ' Steph. Or even from x v l xos ' the same 
as x^ os or X®/-"** bustum ex humo fossili agges- 
tum : ' Id. Thus x vT % 7°" a * s ' a mound of earth : ' 
Lidd. (2) From kvw, KeKvfiai, to swell, whence 
Kv/xa. 

Pr^ruptus. As Adptyopai, in the sense of Aify- 
■tyopai, is from Ada), (whence Ad£o/J.ai,) Ad§ca, Ad/x§ca, 
Adptyu> ; so from pvu (whence pva-rd^oj) could be 
formed a word pvirro}, whence ^v/j.§a), rumpo ; or at 
once from ^virrco could be rupo, rumpo, much as 
frago, franNgo. To drag down with violence, and 
so overthrow and break, as ruo in ruina. 



Aqua. As AUa was Doric for Ei ks, so eiWa 
became aiKvla or axvla, aqua. Thus alKws similarly 
gave rise to aquus, fit, equal, then level, whence 
cequor, the sea, as Xenophon : 7re5ioj; opaAbv Sxrirep 
SdAaao-a. Compare Socius from Oikclos, 'O/ceTos. 
(2) From axa, JEo\. of rixv- From the sound of 
flowing water. (3) Corrupted from a x°"> the 
pouring, the stream, as from a vaaa' (7? pri<raa) is 
Anas. 

106.] Summus. Supremus, supmus, summus : as 
Ad-navov, Dapnum, Damnum. 

Pendeo. From pendo, as jaceo from jacio. 
Pendo has the N inserted, as in deNsus, truNco, 
fraNgo; and is derived from 7reTa>, whence (as 
fidTov, vaDum,) pedo, pendo. rie-rco, nerdo*, or 
irerdvwpi, is to unfold, unfurl, whence irerdafxara 
and peripetasmata, are hangings, and allied to 
which is irtTOfAcu to flutter or fly, i. e. to unfold the 
wings, and poise or suspend itself in the air, as in 
Brown's Vulgar Errors : ' Bellerophon's horse, 
with wings expanded, hung pendulous in the air.' 
Claudian speaks of birds as ' Alituum suspensa co- 
hors.' Hence pendo could mean to spread out 
wide in the air, to hang out, and generally to sus- 
pend, (as in suspendo,) then to suspend in scales, to 
weigh. Some, however, refer pendo to pendeo, 
which might mean to be poised like (pennce) wings, 
as Ovid: Olor niveis pendebat in aera pennis. As 
Gavio, (yaio),) Gavidus, Gavideo, Gaudeo ; so penna, 
pennideo, pendeo. 

Dehisco. As Scio, Scisco, so hisco from Mo, 
and this from <txi& fut. of <rxifr, to split open, as 
ScpaAAcu, Fallo; Xopros, Hortus. (2) Others de- 
duce hio from x^o, hisco from x^ (rKca ' 

107.] Liter. Ab ivrbs, ivrbp, as aspEr for 
aspOr, dairopos. 

Aperio. See on Parens 75. 

iEsTUS. From obs. alarbs, from aXQw, to burn. 
So aistas. 

Arena. Ab areo, as Horace ' arentes arenas. 7 
The quantities differ, but we have acer, aeerbus; 
liiceo, lucerna; regem, regam; ducem, ducam ; 
dico, dicax. 

108.] Tres. TpeTs. 

Saxum. As Saltus from "AAros, Sarcio from 
'Apriu, Sidus from E??os ; so saxum from &^ov or 
a£os, which last was a Cretan word (Steph. Byzant. 
in Steph. Thes. 1060,) for aypbs, a rock or rocky 
place. Hesychius explains aypol by airofipooyes, 
rupes (from rumpo, as Virg. 'prseruptis saxis'). 
Homer has Karea^e, f regit, and Aristotle Karats, a 
fracture. From &£,ov, or from #£os (as ohO% vi- 
nUM; opogos, 6p§OX ervUM,) is saxum. (2) Others 
from o-drTco, £co. Quod onerat, as &|wj/, Axis, is 
Qui fert. 'Imraani pondere saxum.'' Urn, as 
jBpaxtoN, brachiUM. 

Lateo. AaQeu). 



16 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Torqueo. Tpoxaw, ropxdw, torqueo, as jiiaSAn, 
MadEO. (2) Tpoirico, 2E. rpo/ce'w, ropKew, torqueo, 
as Aefrlw, linQUo. 

109.] Voco. See on Vox 64. 

Medius. From fieaiSios. 

110.] Dorsum. As Quoversum, Quorsum ; so 
devorsum, dorsum, turned away from the part in 
front, (asDeversor is 'de via decedo,' Forcell. )and 
thus opposed as our word Back to the Front. ' The 
back of any think or the part (aversa) turned from 
us,' says Forcellini in explaining Tergum. Or, (as 
De in Devexum,) sloping downwards evenly and 
gradually, Gr. vtttiov, properly applicable to qua- 
drupeds. 

Immanis. Generally derived from in, not, and 
the old manus, good, from fidw, to desire, as Opti- 
mus from Opto, Accaros from Aw. Or from ijxjxav^s, 
furious, as some derive persona from persono. But, 
as the original meaning seems to be 'huge, enor- 
n.ous,' it seems better derived (especially as it is 
sometimes used in a good sense,) from in, not, and 
manus in the sense of /xavbs, rare, thin. Haigh con- 
siders fiavbs here to mean wide, and in to be in- 
tensive. 

111.] Brevia. Brevis is corrupted from Ppa- 
Xvs, brahis, as XSpros, Hortus ; then brdvis, as 
'Eairepa, Hespera, Vespera ; and brevis, as gr Assus, 
grEssus. Observe the formation of Ensis 2. 154. 

SYRTES. ~Xl>pT€LS. 

Urgeo. Becman : ' Properly to instigate to 
work, from epyov, through ovpyiw, existing only in 
compounds, as in dyaOovpyew, KaKovpyew, (or wpyiw 
in) yewpyew.' (2) From opw, eopica, eopKew, urceo, 
urgeo, as dyKvXos, anGulus. (3) From bpydw, to 
be eager; used actively, to make eager; press a 
person on. As " Oy kqs, Uncus; /iaSAH, raadEO. 
(4) From ovptiyew, ovpyiw, to lead the rear, press 
on the van. 

Miserabelis. Miseror (597) from miser or mi- 
serus from /xvaapbs, despicable, as -riaaEpa for reV- 
erApa, camEra from KafxApa. So our Wretched 
from Wretch. And Wretched is explained by Dr. 
Johnson, ' despicable, hatefully contemptible.' 

Video. 'iSe'o, fidew, from elSw, XSov. 

112.] Illxdo. Lcedo 8. So Occido. 

Vadum. From fiarbv, passable, as Biw, Vivo ; 
menTio , mentax, menDax. 

Agger. Gero 24. As made by carrying things 
to it. 

Cingo. Circumago, cut down to cimgo, cingo, as 
Inferissimus to Imus. 

113.] Fidus. From fido, this from irei0a>, as 
fides from mdw, or from vIctis, Trims. So Fidelia 
from 7ri0os, a cask, (as Fiducia from Fidus). Mce- 
ris says : QiAdicvri, 'Attikws : Hi&dKvr}, 'EWtjuikws. 
See on Vito 2. 433. Foadus 1. 62. 

Veho. As X6pros, Hortus, for vecho from Fox*<», 



FoxS>, as 7OU, gEnu. C appears in vecsi, vexi, rec- 
tum. (2) From €xa>, Fe'x^, to hold. 

114.] Vertex. From verto. On which the 
heavens turn, as tt6\os from 7ro\e'co. Or where the 
hairs turn on the head, i. e. the pole, tt6\os. 

115.] ExCTJTIO. Exquatio. KoTacretco, Karffeiui, 
KaTTcico, quatio. So Karaaico, Ka<r<rvw, kottvw. 
(2) From Kafle'co, Kadiy/xi, to cast down. 

Pronus. From irp&v, nrpS>vos. Bending forward 
like the prominence of a rock. (2) From irp^v^s, 
as pOdex from pEdo. (3) Others from irpb, as 
&irios from curb, £wbs from £vv. Is. Voss from a 
word irpmvi)s. 

Magister. From magis, as Minus, Minister. 

116.] Caput, Capitis. From capio, capitum, 
(whence Festus derives ancipitis and many derive 
accipiter, and which Agito resembles, from Ago, 
Agitum, ) to contain, as in capax : as containing 
the distinguishing part of man, the brains, the 
iyic€(pa\os. Thus Dr. Johnson defines the head as 
' the part of the animal that contains the brain or 
the organ of sensation or thought.' (2) As from 
2t670) was T67C0, (Steph. Thes. 9090,) so from 
CKeirca, to cover, protect, could be k4ttw, fut. 2. Kcnr£>, 
whence caput, as from perf. /cewe^a was KefpaAi). 
The covering of the sentient part of man. See 
Lennep ad voc. Ke<pa\4). — Or at once fiom the 
present, k eVco, as rEor, rEtus, r Atus ; sEro, sEtus, 
sAtus. 

Ibidem. Ibi for ibu' or ibus, the old abl. plur. 
of is, and used by Plautus : as Hie, Hibus ; Qui, 
Quibus. That is, in Us locis. Dem, as in Tantun- 
dem, Pridem Or for idem. As Itidem. 

117.] Ago. v A7«w. But ago is oftener used for 
Facio : here also it is t\yw, to drive or carry on a 
business, like Gero rem. 

Voro. From f3opS> formed from fiopbs, devour- 
ing, as Btw, Vivo. 

Vortex. From vorto, verto 20, to turn up, to 
whirl. A whirlpool. 

118.] Appareo. Riddle: ' Pdreo from pario; 
to appear, come into sight ; to appear at the com- 
mand of another, wait upon.' As Jacio and Jaceo ; 
Pendo and Pendeo. See Pario 75. The quanti- 
ties differ, yet we have duco, ediico ; juro, pejgro ; 
placeo, placo ; notus, noto. (2) Others from irdpd: 
To be at hand, attend on. (3) As vtipbs, flowing, 
from vda ; so a word (papbs from <pda>, (paivca, whence 
pareo, as Porto from <p6pros. 

Rarus. From 'paibs, 'paos, i. e. apaibs ; as i>vbs, 
nuRus; \xov<xd<av, musaRum. So diRimo. The 
first syllable dropt, as 'EpeTfxbs, 'perfibs, Remus. 

No. New, vw. 

Gurges. For gyrages, gyrges, from gyrum ago, 
as in the verb Mergo 40, and Navigo. (2) Or from 
yopybs, fierce. 

119.] Tabula. As Figo, Figibula, Fibula, so 



iENEID, BOOK I. 109-132. 



17 



from ravahs, outstretched, long, or a form ravbs, as 
in ravvyAcaaaos, &c. may be tanibula, tabula : de- 
fined by Forcellini « lamina arboris in longitudinem 
et latitudinem secta.' As from raw, -raeAos, TfjAos 
is T77Aia, a flat board. (2) From this TrjAia, JE. 
TctAta, transp. raiKa ; and much as P in Sats, daPis, 
and \aas, laPis, so taBila, or tabula as bidlum, 
bid Hum. 

Gaza. Ydfa 

120.] Validus. Valeo from &aAeo, 5>, fut. of 
&aAA&>, to flourish, M. <paAe'a>, as &V> &• Qfy > an( l 
ro/eo, as 4>aTrjs, Vates. To flourish in health and 
vigor. (2) For vu/eo, as Kfvbs, cAnis ; kYAi£, 
cAlix. From FouAew from odAos, whole. 

Navis. Nads, vavs, na Vis, as vis, 6Fis, oVis. Or 
from gen. va6s. 

121.] Vectus. See on veho 113. 

Grand^vus. As Vireo, Viridis, so granum, 
granidis, grandis : as big as grain : or, as Voss ex- 
plains it, ' qui granum habet,' citing ' grandia farra, 
grandia frumenta, messes vegrandesJ (2) With 
the N introduced as in deNsus, saNcio, taNgo, for 
gradis for gradior. One who marches or stalks 
along ; stately, great, or grand. (3) From grando. 
As big as hail. 

vEvum. Ab alkv, alFkv, avium, as /SpaxtoN, bra- 
chiUM. V, as 3>ov. oVum. 

122.] Hyems, Hiems. From a word {fifths 
from vet. The rainy season. (2) A corruption 
from xe'/"«s, x^M«s, chiems, hiems as X6pros, Hortus. 
Or from x^ w > to pour. 

Compages. Pago, pango, from Trrjyw, ir^yvv/xi, 
Treirriya, ireirdya. 

123.] AcciPIO. Capio from Kaira, fut. of KcforTco 
explained by Hesychius cbroSe'xeo-flai, to receive, 
and by the Etymol. M. x a, P e "'> to hold or contain. 
Allied to x"^, X&fai ^X°^ ov ^ & c - 

Imber, Imbris. "Ofj.§pos. 

Rima. 'Prjyfia, rigma, rlma, as JE. (pvp/xEKa, for- 
mica; 'perfibs, remus. 

Fatisco. Usually deduced from fatim hisco, as 
fatigo from fatim ago like circumago. Or, (as 
Fessus is the participle, for Fassus, as grAssus, 
grEssus,) from fatio through fatim hio. Fatim, 
and Affdtim, like Sensim, from for, fdtum : a as in 
datum, statim. Becman : ' Abunde, a multilo- 
quentia,.' Thus Bi/ariam, Multifariam,, in two, in 
many, sides or places. Or fatim can be from 
'(pdros i.e. atyaros, unspeakable. (2) Some sup- 
pose CH changed into PH, as C into P in AvKos, 
luPus ; and fatio from x aT ^ 5 formed from x« a, > 
Xalvw. 

124.] MlSCEO. Muryeco. 

125.] Emitto. Mitto from yue-riw or jUe-rzcD, 
He6ir)/xi, to let go. 

Sentio. For syntio or sintio from Gvve-rm fut. of 
awerffctf, to make to apprehend, taken intransi- 



tively; and this from irwl^i, whence frvveais, the 
faculty of apprehension. E, much as Kpivw, i<]pva), 
cErno ; "l-mros, "Ikkos, Equus ; jUro, pejEro. 
(2) Voss : Properly said of hearing, [or perceiv- 
ing a sound] if from sonitus. See on Audio 20. 

126.] Stagnum. From areyvbv, confining, en- 
closing. Varro : ' Quod bene continet aquam.' So 
m A gnus for mEgnus. (2) From arayco fut. of 
ard^oo, to let fall drop by drop ; as supplied by 
small accessions of water, or as oozing out gra- 
dually. (3) Dumesnil from sto, stare. But how 
is the termination to be accounted for? 

Gravis. As Glans from Tdhavos iEolic for Ba- 
Kavos, and T\4<papov iEolic of B\4(papou, so gravis 
from fiapvs, transp. fipavs, (as Sep/cw, SapKwv, SpaKwi/,) 
JEo\. ypavs, graVis, as oi's, oVis. See on Gradior 
172. 

Commotus. Haigh thus : As <Hp, iEol. for ©V, 
moveo from a word fxoQiw, JE. /j.o<p4u>, from (xoOos, 
disturbance. To disturb, unsettle, put out of place. 
In ' Motum ex Metello consule civicum,' motum 
means fx.66ou. Or jx6Qos is tt6vos, labor (as in Hesy- 
chius,) and /j-oOeoo would exactly agree with Molior 
from Moles : ' To move a thing with great labor 
and difficulty.' (2) But Bp. Biomfield (on Agam. 
1614) deduces moveo from the obs. fide* or fxoew, 
/xoFica, (as aeo>, aVeo,) to make to go, whence /jlSaco 
to come; allied (says Becman) to fxata, ixefxaa, 
ixalvw, to excite; and (says Riddle) to fiew, Lat. 
meo, to go. 

127.] Peospicio. Specio 34. 

Pjlacidus. Pldceo, pldcidus, and pldco (some- 
what as sedo from sedeo,) from 7rAa£, irAaicbs, a 
plane surface, whence irActfcoets, fiat. Hence a verb 
irAaKea) or irXandw, to make plane or smooth, to 
make quiet and satisfied, as o/iaAifiw to quiet, ap- 
pease, from 6/j.a\bs, level. (2) From ire\da>, Treire- 
Xatta, iriirXdKa, as Gr. 7rpoaxcopew, to give in to, 
accommodate oneself to, as Euripides : xph &ov 
Kapra Trpoax^p^v Tr6\ei. (3) From irKaKca fut. of 
it\4k(o, to fold. As an Insinuating person is from 
Sinus, a fold. 

Extuli. From toio, tollo, tetoli, tetuli 66. To 
make to rise, move, transport, carry. 

129.] Oppressus. Premo, premsum, pressum 54. 

Ruina. From ruo 35, like Rapina. 

130.] Dolus. a6\os. 

Frater. From (ppdrrip, one of the same clan ; 
a sense easily transferred to one of the same family. 

131.] Zephyrus. Ze<pvpos. 

Dehinc. Hinc from Mc, as Illic, Illinc; Iste, 
Istinc. Hie is for hisc 17 ; hence himc, like lm the 
ancient accusative of Is. 

For. See on Fatum 2. 

132.] Vos. 2<£<w, transp. <p<ws, (as M&v, No^, 
Num,) and vos, like Qdrys, Vates. Then Nos, 
from v$, received the S after the model of vos. — 
c 



18 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Or the 2 was dropped in atyw as in S^aAAw, Fallo; 
and the S added to nos and ros after the general 
formation of the plural Homines, Gradus, Res. 

Ftducia. From fido 118. Like Caducus. 

Vsstsr. Vos, voster, as Nos, Noster. 

133.] Meits. Me, meus, as Tu, Tuus. 

Sine. Properly the imperative of sino, to let 
alone, vs. 18. As Pone from Pono 2. 208. 
(2) Others from si- ne. f 

134.] Audeo. Avidus, avideo, audeo, as Avi- 
ceps, Auceps ; and see Gaudeo 502. 

136.] Similis. 'O/xaXbs, of like degree ; whence 
somalis, as 'OXicbs, Sulcus ; somilis, as [xaxAvd, ma- 
cli [na ; and similis, as kOvis, clnis ; "0/x§pos, Im- 
hris, the termination here changing as in similis. 
Compai-e Somnus in its changes, and "Envpos, Se- 
cerus, Socerus, Socer. 

Poena. Uoivd. 

Luo. Avoo, to pay, redeem. Or Xovca, to wash 
away. 

137.] Maturo. Maturus, early, from mane, 
the morning ; whence maneturus, with a termina- 
tion much as in Diuturnus, Iracundus, Macilentus, 
Discipulus, &c. Hence maturus, as iEviternus, 
iEternus ; Figihula, Fibula ; &c. Mane from jxavbs, 
rare, thin. Cicero : ' Coelum tenue purumque.' 
(2) Isaac Yoss from Triireipos, ripe, iE. /xerrtppos. 

Fuga. $vyd. 

PELAGUS. TleXayos. 

Tridens, Tridentis. From TpioSovs, rpLoBovros, 
as kXvOvtos, cllentis. Or tri from tria, rpia ; and 
dens, dentis, from odovs, odovros. 'Sohs, hovros. But 
others from edens, edentis, as bZovs from e8w, 65a. 
Or from t4v5co, to eat, transposed. 

139.] Sors. A lot, die, &c. used to determine 
chances, 'finis qui res dubias definiat:' Ainsw. 
From '6pos, a standard, limit, measure ; sOros, as 
'OA/cbs, Sulcus ; and sors, as Mopoy, Mors. 

140.] Domus. Aofjios. 

Aula. AvXy. 

141.] Claudo. James Bailey: 'From nXdu, 
Ton. k\7)Ico, M. KXaFw, KXavco, and clauDo for eu- 
phony.' As in luDo. — Or thus: KX-rfifa, fut. 
KXrj'idS}, K\a'iSa>, /cAaftSco, clavido, claudo, as aVIceps, 
allceps. 

Regno. From regnum 17. 

142.] Aio. From an obsolete word aiu>, whence 
afoos, a tale, story. Or from avo, avw, to call out, 
as in ai)T7j. I, as kXTovtos, cllentis. 

Citus. From km, to go, used actively ' to make 
to go,' are cio, cieo. 

Tumidus. Ainsworth says: ' From &vyiiea>, and 
this from &v/xbs, tumor' But this sense no where 
appears. — Perhaps, as Trjvos was said for Ke?vos, 
and 6'KKa for oTs, and as Telum is deduced by some 
from KrjXov, tumeo is from a verb Ku/xeco formed 
from kvw, KeKv/j.a.1, to teem, to be pregnant, whence 



kvtos as in KvroydaTwp, big-bellied, and Kv/xa a wave, 
as Virgil: Fluctu suspensa tumenti. — Others think 
that, as «Hp was said for ©V, the converse might 
have been true, (as not only luPus was said from 
XvKos, but conversely eKus or eqmis from 'lUUos, 
'IVLKos,) and deduce tumeo for thumeo from <pv/xa, a 
tumor. T, as Aa0ew, laTeo ; and u, much as timor 
from 5Elfx6p, fera from (pHpa. — Again, as rvXn is 
any swelling or lump, a word tvu (whence indeed 
titiWo) was formed) is supposed to have existed, 
allied to rda> ' extendo, expando,' and a word rvfia 
or rufxbs to have produced tumeo. 

Placo. See on vs. 127. 

143.] Colligo. Lego, Xeyw. 

Fugo. From fuga, <puyr). 

Sol. Dr. Jones: '26Xos, a round plate or quoit. 
Hence sol, the sun, a plate of fire.' We speak of 
the sun's disk, which is the same as croXos. (2) As 
'OAubs, Sulcus, so &Xlos, (i. e. 6 tjXlos as 5>XXos is 
6 aAAos,) might produce solis, as eanos, eWtos 
Hospes, and &vos, Thus, and Pariens, Parens, and 
Januitor, Janitor. (3) Cicero thus: 'Quod solus 
appareat, ceteris sideribus suo fulgore obscuratis.' 
(4) Ab e'Aas, splendor. As veos, nEvus, nOvus. 

144.] Simul. Becman : 'From simile, as Fa- 
cul from Facile.' And thus the U in simlllo also. 
As said of men doing together the same work, or 
using the same exertion. 

Adnitor. As Mop<pd, Qopixa, Forma ; Mau, NcS/i, 
Num ; so rzivofiai, transp. veiro/jLcu, nitor. (2) From 
vvaaofiai, vvtto/j.o.1, to stimulate oneself. (3) From 
vivaoixai, vtrrofiai, to go towards an object, and thus 
exert oneself for it. 

145.] Detrudo. As Xvw, luDo; so rpxxa, 
truDo ; and thus also proDest, proDeo, biDens, 
seDitio. To vex, molest, fatigue, generally ; and 
here specially by pushing, jostling or thrusting. 
Conversely, Ve-axo, to drive on, is in Vexo the 
same as rpvco. 

SCOPULUS. 2k07T€A0S. 

Levo. To make light, from levis. And to lift 
up in consequence of its lightness. Sir H. Davy : 
' My limbs had a new lightness given them, so 
that I seemed to rise from the earth.' 

147.] Rota. From poQa, to rush with impe- 
tuosity, from the act of revolution ; or to make a 
loud noise or din, from the effect of it. T, as 
Xa&ew, laTeo. (2) From ropw, transp. porco, as 
Mop(pa, Forma. From ropw is ropeia, turning, and 
ropvSca, to turn round with a lathe. 

Levis. From Xeirh, peel. Horace : Levior cor- 
tice. V, as UoXtvco, Voluo, Volvo. 

Perlabor. As TA<xt&s, Latus, borne ; as nxdro?, 
Latus ; so labor from fiXaSoixai, to be harmed or 
hurt, here by falling or slipping. Thus clades is 
long from KXdSos. In labo the quantity is short, 
BXaiu (me), as Jacto is Jacto (me). Thus also we 



yENEID, BOOK I. 133—15! 



19 



have pluceo and placo, siigus and sagax, pario and 
pareo. Our word Fall is used in the two senses of 
Labor, to tumble and to glide. (2) As -n-paros 
JEol. for irpuTos, so \a§a for Aw§a, mutilation ; 
whence labor. 

148] S^pe. For aei tc, says Riddle, Rather 
for &et tnri (ctfnri), ' in a manner always, I may say 
always.' S prefixed as in Saltus, Saxum, Sidus. 
IT??, pe, as in Quippe, Nempe. (2) Scaliger: 'A 
rustic word of ancient date. For, as (sccpes) a 
hedge is thick, they expressed Often by the thick- 
ness of a hedge.' Thus irvuvbs is both thick and 
frequent. 

Coorior. Orior from opw, 6p£> or ope'co. 

149. Seditio. For se'itio, as D in proDest, 
proDeunt. Se for seorsum 92. I short, as in 
aditus, exitus. A sedition is a secession, a going 
away, a retiring apart so as to form a separate in* 
terest. 

Ignobtlis. For in-gnobilis, as Ignosco is In- 
gnosco, from yivooa-Kco, yi/docncoo, JYosco. So Gnatus, 
Natus. Nosco, 7ioscibilis, nobilis, as Moveo, Mobilis. 

Vulgus. "OxA-os, oA-X 05 ? F6\x os > volgus. 

150.] Fax, Facis. From <pdos, as airlos, 
speCus. (2) Fax from <£a£w fut. of obs. <pdco, 
(pdacv, whence (palvco and <pdos. 

Volo. From /3oA^, a throwing, darting, as 
Voro from Bopd. To throw oneself forward, pro- 
jicio me. Much as pifi<pd\eos is Swift from phrco, 
tppHpa. (2) From iro\4ca, <2, to go round about, 
range over, as Veru from Uepcd. 

Ministro. See minister on magister 115. 

151.] Forte. Fors, fortis from <pepoo, irecpoprai, 
like Fortis, brave : or from <p6pos, as M6pos, Mors. 
Sophocles : rb (pepuv e/c 0eoO. And so Gr. avfupopd, 
and Ta ir pay fiara Kantos <p4psrai. Virgil : Fors si 
qua tulisset : Quid fortuna ferat populi. 

152.] SlLEO. From ffiyaAeos, trryAeos, or (Tiyn- 
7<bs, atyxbs, is sigleo, sileo, as puGmilus, pumilus ; 
stiGmulus, stimulus. 

Arrectus. Rectus from rego, properly to stretch 
out any thing straight, move it in a straight line, 
from opeyco, 'peyco, (as 'OS6vres, 'Sovres, Dentes ; 
'Eperfibs, 'per fibs, Remus,) to stretch forth i.e. in a 
straight line, as Arrectus here is openrds. So Erigo 
Erectus, Porrigo, Surrigo Surgo, and Rectus as in 
Recta via, straight on, all show this sense. Then 
to make to move straight on, as horses, ships, &c, 
to guide, direct, govern. Thus, says Gedge well, 
from evdbs, Idvs are evdvuca, Wvvoo, in the sense of 
rego. (2) From &px<», fax 1 *, r ^go, rego : but this is 
a secondary sense. 

Auris. The Cretans and Tarentines, says 
Scaliger, said avs for ovs, (as hAud from Ov8\) 
whence the ancient ausis, then auris; as aSa, after- 
wards aRa. We have also auSculto : unless this is 
for auRIBUS-culto. — Or thus ; avs, gen. avbs, 



auRis, as fids, fivbs, muRis. Or avs, JE. avp, as 
tj2, rtP in Hesychius. (2) For kauris, as Ansa 
for Han sa. Virgil: Vocemque bis auribtu Itausi. 

153.] Rego. See on Arrectus 152. 

Dictum. Dico 81. 

154.] Cunctus. For conjunctus. 

Cado. From Kareca, Karoo, ttdreifii, to go down, 
as vaDum from fiaTdv. Others simply from k<xto>, 
down. (2) From x^Sa fut. of x"^ ; as we say- 
To fall back. (3) Contr. from kotoSjW, Kadvoo. 

Fragor. From frago, frango, as in Crucifra- 
gium. From the noise of things breaking, as r?x^7> 
sound, from dywfii, fix a i to break. 

Postquam. Formed after the model of prius- 
quam, sooner than. F 'or poster iusq nam. 

155.] Genitor. Geneo, genui, genitum, from 
yevew, yiyova. 

156.] Flecto. To curve, bend, from (pXeicrbs, 
burnt, i. e. crumpled and curled : through a word 
<PA€kt6co, cd. (2) Aspirated from nAeKrbs, twisted, 
as riei0a>, Fido. 

Equus. "l-rnros, JEol. 'Lkkos, 'Lkos, equus, as %Tlofiai, 
eKofiai, seQUor, and the aspirate dropt as in"EKKos, 
Ulcus. (2) As 7OU, gEnu, so equus from ox&J, to 
mount. 

Lorum. As Lacryma from Adupvfia, Locus from 
Aoxbs, Licet from Alien ; so lorum, a leathern thong, 
from dopd, skin, hide, poet. Sovpd, like Soipv, as 
jSOYs, bOs ; fivprOTs, myrtOs. (2) As ha or and 
luridus are both referred to lorum from the color, 
lorum itself may be from x^ w P^ v > pale-colored, 
lurid, as XKaiva, Lsena. (3) Aew, to bind, whence 
a word 84opov, Sovpou. Leather to bind with. 

Secundus. For sequundus a sequor. That 
which follows, i. e. the second, as Florus : ' Primus 
et sequens et tertius murus.' Also, that which fol- 
lows us, and attends our steps and our wishes. 

157.] Defessus. See on Fatisco 123. 

Proximus. Prope, propior, propissimus, propsi- 

mus, proximus : See on Vix 34 Or prossimus, as 

ulySSes, ulyXes. — Or propinquissimns, proqsimus. 

ClTRRO. Karapew, KappeoS, M. Koppeco, (as arpOrbs 
JEol. for arpArbs, 'Ov)]p for 'Avtjp,) x-oppco, curio. 
So also pOrrum from irpdaov, irdpaov, irAppov, irOppov. 
Properly said of running water, and the origin of 
our word Current, which thus naturally and imme- 
diately connects itself with the leading idea of the 
Verb. Thus Virgil : Currenti in flumine : Amues 
et in sequora currunt. Auctor de B. Hispan. : 
Rivus palustri solo currebat ad dextram partem. 
(2) Or with Voss from icaipo, (deduced by Scheid 
from Keipa, carpere viam,) explained by rpexu in 
the Etymol. M. in voc. voonap. Fut. Kapoo, or ndpace, 
Kappca. (3) Corrupted from Karopovw, Kappovcc, as 
Sterno from STopewi'w, ^ropvvoo. (4) Beeman from 
Kvpoo, to meet with ; fut. Kvpaco, Kvppco. But the 
senses do not correspond. 
C 2 



20 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



159 ] Secedo. Se vs. 92. Cedo from xv^ 
formed from Ke'x^Sa perf. of x<*fa ; or from /ojSw 
from Kt/fTjSa pf. of Kafa, whence KendSouro. To give 
May, retire. 

Insula. For in salo or in sale, as insAlsus, in- 
sUlsus. (2) As some derive Vinco from vatus, IpkcS, 
Fivkw ; so insula or at first insa from vrjaos, rjvaos, 
as KTjpOS, cer A. 

Portus. From porto. A place for import and 
export for goods, or for carrying ships into it. (2) 
From 7retpa>, iriivopTcu, whence (from Tziivopa) is ir6pos, 
a passage into. (3) From porta, a gate. 

161.] Sinus. From <ii(pv6s' icevbs, allied to 
<TKpvvw • k6pw, both in Hesychius, as well as mepuevs, 
a mole. Any thing empty, and so hollow. Thus 
Liddell explains Xdos, 'any wide, empty space, a 
gulf, chasm.' And sinus is a semicircular hollow. 
Siphnus, sihnus, si?ius, as x is dropt in araNea from 
dpaXNTj. 

Scindo. For scido, (as frago, fraNgo,) from 
(TX'Sw fut. of crx'ifa- 

Sese. Se doubled, 37. Somewhat as Quisquis. 

162.] Rupes. From rupo, rumpo. Cliffs were 
said to be abruptce, praruptce. So pw| allied to 
pyiyvvpu, and Cliff from Cleave. 

Geminus. Ainsworth says for genimus from the 
old geno, yeuew, <S. But this is not particular 
enough. (2) Isaac Voss from 7]pp.4vos i. e. con- 
junctus ; G prefixed, as in Tivvos for Ivv 6s. (3) 
Rather, corrupted from bpoyovos, oyo/xovos, (as 
afxtdpelv for apidfielu ; ~2,<pdyavov, Qdayavov ; Mopcpa, 
Forma, ) 'yopovos, as bpeyco, 'peyco, Rego ; then ge- 
minus, as 7OVU, gEnu ; reppOuos, terminus. 

Minor. From phos, fury ; as 7rA.E/<a>, pllco. 
(2) Littleton: ' Contr. from pvdw pv<2, common e- 
facio, as from pva is mlna.' 

163.] Latus. Brought out, extended, like di- 
latus, spread abroad, as Gr. yve^s, S^j/e/c^s, ab 
4v4k(d, kviyvia> ; and as Tractus, us, any thing drawn 
out at length, an extent of country. The word 
latus, usually put under Fero, is itself from rKarhs, 
to be borne, sustained, as labo from fl\d§-n ; though 
by others it is referred to lao, \du>, KaixSdvcc, to take, 
and then carry. (2) Others refer latus, broad, to 
ttX&tus ; or to 4\ar6s, 'Aarbs, beaten out wide, as 
Lamina from iAapcwn, Later from ihar^p. 

164.] Tutus. Guarded by another's eye, kept 
safe : from tueor, tuitus, tutus. Schultens : ' Tt- 
Tixricca was with the ancient Latins tui, intui, and 
afterwards tueri, intueri.' And titvo-kw, from rixo, 
(as TrupaiHTKU) from (pdea,) is nothing but tow, Tew, 
TeiW Virgil has : Oculos pariter telumque teten- 
dit. Hence to point the eye to, look to. So jSAjVw 
from f$\4a>, to dart, as 6<p6a\p£v re jSoAal in Homer. 

Sylva, Silva. As 'Etttu, Septem, v\a, i>\Fa, 
sylva. ' Words, tho' of Greek origin, passed by 
long adoption into the Latin spelling, like Fama, 



Silva:' Forcell. (2) As Example, 'Xample, 
Sample, and Expend, 'Xpend, Spend; so from 
tv\ov could be xyliva, (as Cadiva,) xylva, sylva. 
(3) Sileo, siliva, silva, from the silence of the 
groves. 

Scena. 2k7jv^, a booth shaded by foliage. 

Coruscus. Corusco, to brandish, quiver, flash, 
glitter, (See Mico 90.,) from n6pvs, a helmet, whence 
KopvQd'i^, K.opvBai6\os, with waving plume. But 
other epithets of KOpvs are Aaprrpd, (paevvT], irapcpa- 
vowaa : and in this case the meaning of flashing 
would be prior to that of brandishing, as in Mico. 
Corusico, corusco, as Claudus, Claudico : or Kopvw, 
KopvcKw, as /3aw, @d<TK(a ; or from Kopvaaca in a new 
sense, as the verb Conisco is traced to Kovlfa. (2) 
Isaac Voss : From collision, as expressed by ko- 
pinrrw, KopvTTw, Kopvaaa, to strike with the horns. 

165 ] Horreo. To stand erect or at an end, 
to bristle : hence, to be in fear, with the hair at an 
end, as Obstupui steteruntque comae, Horrueruntque 
comas. From opwpa, I have arisen ; whence opwpeco, 
oppew. H added for the sound, as in Haurio ; though 
it is retained in bpp)}, dppdw, and in Hortor from 
oprai third person. 

Nemus. Ne/xoy. 

Immineo. Mineo from mince 162. To hang over 
in a threatening manner. So Emineo, Promineo. 

Umbra. A corruption. "Opcpva, transp. 6v<ppa, 
(as apt6pe?v for aptdpelv, (pdayavov for afydyavov, ) 
onbra, as #,u«i>w, amBo ; ombra, umbra, as aM€aiu€iv 
for aN€aiv€iv ; /80A§os, bUlbus. (2) From op§pos, 
a shower, as darkening the sky. So KrjpO^,, cer A. 
But? 

166.] Frons. The forehead; from <ppov\s, in- 
telligence, or (ppovrls, thought, as Vultus from 
Volo. Plautus : Ut quod frons velit, oculi sciant. 
Cicero : Ex oratione, vultu, oculis et fronte meum 
amorem perspicere. 

167.] Intus. 'Evt6s. 

Dulcis. As Illicio, so delicio, whence delicice. 
Hence delicis, delcis, dulcis, as vEllo, vUlsus. (2) 
As AS iEol. for Fa, so yAvKvs, yvAicvs, (as Tdp<pos 
from Tpe<pa>, coagulo,) dvAtcus, dulcis. 

Vivus. From vivo, fiioa, )3iw, jSifw, as Tica, TriFco, 
biBo. Thus: bio, biBo; vio, viVo. V, as BopdS, 
Voro. 

Sedile. From sedeo, as Cubile. 

169.] Ullus. Unus, unulus, unlus, ullus. As 
the old Benus, Benulus, Bellus. 

Uncus. Ab oyicos, a curve, hook. 

Alligo. Ligo, to bind, from Avyos, a willow- 
twig, through Avy6w, w, which, says Stephens, is 
explained also ligo. 

Anchor a. ' Ay kv pa. 

Remordeo. It is properly to separate, says 
Becman, who rightly refers to p6pos, whence popew, 
morDeo, like tenDo, panDo. Or at once from a 



^NEID, BOOK 

ov from 



I. 159—180. 



21 



vrord fiopSew, formed from fj-dpoo, ixifxoprai 
fi6p5r)v, like aip§7)v. 

170.] Hue. Hie, Hue, like Illic, Illuc. From 
<£/ce, Sk, as (pdp, f Ur. So Ed, Quo, are datives or 
ablatives. 

Septem. From kirra, as*E£, Sex; 5e/cA, decEM. 

171.] Numerus. Properly, the distribution of 
numbers and sounds into proportions and harmo- 
nies ; from vefxa, vevop.a, whence v6jxos, JE. vo/jop, 
a musical strain. Thus Humerus from a/xos, u/xop. 

Amor. Amo seems to have originally meant, 
like (piAew, to salute or embrace, as in Plautus : 
Sine te amem : from aixdw, afxcS, colligo, constringo, 
like aaird^ofxai from a for afia, and airdta. The 
Schol. on Homer explains afxriodiievos by <rwe\wv 
X*pvl «al avvayaydbv. Amo then answers much to 
Amplector, irepnrA4Ko/j.ai. (2) Others from 'djxa: 
from mutual attachment. Cicero : Amant inter 
sese. (3) A compound word a/xdoo, a/xco, from fxdeo, 
fxefiaa, to desire ardently, has been supposed : but ? 

172.] Egredior. Gradior seems properly to 
have the notion of slow progress, or going step by 
step or in a pacing manner. Seneca : A cursu ad 
gradum reduci, ' from a quick to a slow pace.' 
Hence, as from BaAavos through TaXavos was Glans, 
and TAecpapou was B\4(papov, gradior was a word 
fipadiovfiai from fipadvs, ypabvs. Indeed gradus may 
be fipuSvs itself, and from that can be gradior. 

Potior. From pote or potis 38, whence potens 
60. To be master over. 

173.] TABEO. Trj/ceco, whence TTj/ceSwi' ; M. ruireo), 
as \vKos, luPus. Hence tabeo, as Tlv^os, Buxus. 
(2) Tabes for tacibes from raneca, as Foveo, Fo- 
vimes, Fomes: Sterno, Stratum, Stratiges, Strages: 
Facio, Faciber, Faber. 

Artus. A joint. Ab &pa>, &prai, to join, as from 
&p(o, ap6r}v, is dpQpov. 

174.] Silex. Here is a great change. XaAt|, 
xdhiKos, halicis, as XSpros, Hortus ; and hilicis, as 
ffTpAyyoD, strlngo ; and silicis, as 'Ictw, Sisto. Or 
thus : x<*Aikos, transp. x'i^ aK0S , as 7rETAw, pATEo ; 
then sildcis, silicis, as fxaxAva, machlna. Some de- 
rive Hisco from x° i(TKU > ; thus x^'l would at once 
make hilix. (2) C. Scaliger says: 'For secilex 
from seco. Sectus lapis.' Certainly Sicilex was 
used as well as Sicilis for the broad head of a 
javelin. 

Scintilla. 'SirivOfyp, M. CKivd^p, ace. cmvBripa, 
scintherula, scintella, (as Puer, Puella,) scintilla. 
So Spelunca from ace. a-ir^Xvyya. 

Excudo. K6tttoo, kSttw ; and, (as the ancients 
said f Untes, frUndes, for fOntes, frOndes, and as 
vaDum from fiaTw,) cuddo, cudo, as 'perfxbs, remmus, 
remus. See on Tundo 264. (2) Perott derives 
cudo from ccedo. Certainly from mCErus was 
mUrus, from pGEna was pUnio ; but this does not 
justify ciEdo into cUdo. 



175.] FoLim^ From <pv\Xov, as &\Aos, alius. 
So Ital. piano for pLano. 

Aridus. From areo. Now dew, whence &eaa, 
existed in the sense of ' to sleep :' but, as we find 
drj/jLi ' to blow,' from de'w, and d£*w and atia ' to dry ' 
both from &w, dew could have meant also ' to dry,' 
whence alieo, as /xovadcou, musaltum ; whs, nuRus ; 
euw, uRo. Similar to this was caVeo from x "^* 
paVio from ira'Cui. (2) From aer, a'eris, for a'ereo. 
To be exposed to the air, to air or dry. (3) Scheid 
from depw i. e. depe'w, fut of defpw, to suspend in the 
air. We say To hang out to dry. 

176.] Nutrio. As ircuSeita is to bring up 
children, and dpcpavtvw to rear orphans, vewrepeuw 
or -e'w, could have existed, ' to rear the younger 
ones ; ' or, nearer, v ewreplfa, <rw, vewTpiw, (though 
this in a new sense,) and hence nutrio, much as 
(p&pos, fUris. 

Fomes. Foveo, fovimes, fomes, as Stratum, Stra- 
tiges, Strages. 

178.] Expedio. Opposed to impedio, from pes, 
pedis .- to put any thing between the feet, as kwAuw 
from Ku>\ov. 

Res, Rei. As XAaiva makes Lsena, so res, rei 
from xP e0S 5 a thing. (2) Res from XP^'S the use 
of a thing; here the thing used, like xPVf^- - (3) 
From prjais, a saying, for a thing said, and a thing 
in general, as pri/xa is used Luke 2. 15. "Eiros, (says 
Brunck on (Ed. T. 1144,) rem: a sense frequent 
in Homer. Plautus : Feci dicta quae vos dicitis. 
(3) Rei from reor. A thing thought. (4) From 
pe'fw, to do ; but ? 

Fruges. From (ppvyw, to parch. Here we have 
l fruges torrere. ' Accius : Fruges torridas. ' Pre- 
vious to grinding,' says Quayle on this passage of 
Virgil, • corn was commonly scorched by our own 
ancestors. Hence Bran from Brennen, to burn ; 
The burnt part. Geo. i. 267.' (2) From fruor, 
like Fructus, unless this also is ippvurSs. Litany : 
' That we may enjoy them.' Fruitum, fruges, as 
Stratum, Strages. (3) Frux from fipvuo, /8pv|w, to 
bite. As Bpeyuw, Fremo. 

179.] Torreo. For thorreo, as Qp(afx§os, Tri- 
umphus. Mow, as /ce/pw, KeKopfxai, Kop/xos ; and 
<pepw, irecpoprai, (popros ; and fxeipct), [xe/iopcrou, n6p- 
aifios ; so bepco, rddopaai, bopaiw or Sfoppia, thorreo, 
as Tedapacu, frdpaos. (2) From reppo JEol. for 
tepaw, to dry up, as nOvus for nEvus, veos. 

Paro. From 'irdpcc for eVapw, whence hrapixhos 
is prepared, ready. E dropt, as in 'EAar^p, Later; 
'EpeT/ubs, Remus. (2) From irapa, as Homer : irapa 
Se a<pi Ti0et fAivoeiK^a ocura. (3) Riddle places it 
under pario, to bring to light, to cause, produce, 
procure, invent, devise. Forcellini explains parSre 
(among other meanings) by comparare. 

180.] Conscendo. Scddo, scando, (as frago. 
fraNgo ; tago, taNgo, and as in ondNhaKov ;) from 
c 3 



VIRGILIAN HOURS 

rr/ca5c3 fat of (ncdfa, from a climber representing 
the motions of one who limps. (2) Haigh : 'From 
<tkclQ(2, iEol. of (nradoi a airdd-ri, a spattle or comb, 
to which a ladder boars some resemblance.' 
181.] Prospectus. Specio 34. 
182.] BlREMlS. Bis 71. Remus 104. 
184.] Nullus. Ne ullus, not any, as Nunquam, 
Nusquam are Ne unquam, Ne usquam. 

Cervus. Kepabs, KepaFbs, ceravus, cervus. Homer : 
tkacpou nepaSv. 

1S.3.] Armentum. Aro, aramentum, as Juvo, 
Juvamentum, Jumentum. 

IS 6.] Tergum, Tergus. Riddle says : ' Tergus, 
(ffrepicphs, arepcpbs.) the back: hence the body of 
animals ; a hide, skin, covering.' Rather, all these 
senses flow from the hardness expressed by <rrepi- 
c/>bs, hard, firm ; whence arep<pos, hide, skin. The 
back being called from the hardness of the back- 
bone, in the same way that the Breast is called 
'S.ripvov from the hardness of the Breast-bone. Ni- 
cander has a form Tepcpos for skin, which approxi- 
mates nearer to tergus. There might be a form 
arepixbs as well as (rrepicpbs, and crrepxbs or repxbs 
would produce tergus. Or, as '4n.o/xai through 
eKo/xai produced Hequor, Sequor ; and as 'lUYlos 
through iKKos produced Equus ; (TTep^os through a 
change (rrepXos could produce tergus. (2) Or from 
repau), to dry, the future also repaw, (for Nicander 
has rkpvov, repcrai, ripiraio,) perf. rerepKa, though it 
is not used. This could produce a word rep/cos or 
repxos, which would be tergus. Tepaijeis, like cre- 
pKpbs, is hard, rigid: Steph. 9139. And Stephens 
acknowledges Ttpxvos in the Index, but the refer- 
ence is erroneous. (3) Tergum, the skin, has been 
referred also to 5e'po>, Se5ep/ca, to skin. As Tseda 
from AaiSa. Then, the back, as flaying usually 
commenced with the neck, shoulders or back. 

Vallis. As Vates from $drns, vallis from a 
word bdKKos, iEol. <pd\\os, from draWa, whence 
Helvig deduces Germ, thai, dahl, our dale : ' Est 
enim locus a^c/nflaA^s.' (2) From vallum. Servius: 
' Quod hinc et hinc vallatur.'' So in Exodus 14. 22, 
of the passage of the Red Sea : ' And the waters 
were a wall unto them on their right hand and on 
their left.' 

Pasco IIaco, ird(TKca, as yqpdw, yripdiTKco ; )8ow, 
j3oV/cco. Uda>, 7rw, whence ttgS'O, a flock of sheep ; 
7rcus ; irdoKos, ttwXos. (2) From jSoaveco, as Posco 
from Bod(XK(a, Bct'or/cw. And lAncea from XOyxv- 

187.] Arcus. From epicos, an enclosure, as 
what may be called the bow of the teeth is epKos 
bdjvruv. The Aspirate dropt, as"EAKos, Ulcus; A 
for E. as mAgnus for mEgnus. (2) Ab arceo, to 
keep in. Festus : ' Quia continet se.' Others ' ab 
arcendis hostibus,' as used in battle. 

Maxus. Riddle : ' From iidu, to feel, handle, 
touch.' As from Beo is Benus, Bonus; from Pleo 



is Plenus. Liddell observes that ' fid<ra(r6cu is the 
infin. of the root paw, to touch.' (2) From pivos, 
force, might. As the great medium of exerting it. 
As fiEveoo, inAneo. (3) From fxavbs, slack, as 
opposed to irvKvbs, close, whence Pugnus, the hand 
closed, the fist. 

Celer. From KeAAw, Kt\w, to urge, whence 
/ce'Arjs, M. KeA-qp, celer, a race-horse. See on Acer 
220. 

Sagitta. 'Akl£w, whence a/nor-)?, aKiara, aKirra, 
as ■k'i'S.tis, 7tiTtis. Acuminated, pointed. Hence, 
(as "AAtos, Saltus,) sacitta, sagitta, as rpidKovra, 
triGinta. Voss compares 'AkcVto, Segesta. 
Ductor. Duco, ductum 19. 

190.] Cornu. Kepoev, Kepovv, horny, transp. 
Kepvov, cornu, as KEpuvpa, cOrcyra ; and as p-tvav- 
8pOT is menandrU in the Title to Terence's Heau- 
tontimorumenos. 

Arror. Arboris from &p<popos, as &{a$w, amBo, 
and as uBeris from evQopos. "Apropos, as con- 
tracted from a word api<p6pos, productive, fruitful. 
' A tree that bringeth forth his fruit in his season.' 
Or ipi(p6pos. (2) For arvor from arvum. ' Every 
tree of the field' is a common expression in Scrip- 
ture. B, as ferVeo, ferBui. 

Sterno. 'Sropevvvw, (sropvvw contr. aropvw, 
sterna, as vOster, vEster. 

19 L] Frondeus. Frons, frondis, from fSpvoov, 
fip-jovros, swelling, teeming, bursting forth, as Pa- 
rens, Parentis for Pariens, Parientis. F, as Bpepw, 
Fremo ; D, as menTior, menTax, menDax. 
Tdrra. TvpS-n. 

192.] Prior. Prce, prceior, prior. (2) From 
Trpl-, as in Pridem, and as Uplv, and as pris in Pris- 
cus, and perhaps Pristinus. (3) From Trprji'ov in 
Hesychius, who explains it irporepov. 

Quam. Than. Cicero: Nihil est timendum 
magis quam Consul. Here ' magis' is properly for 
tarn, so, to answer to quam, as : ' Nihil est tarn 
timendum quam Consul.' 
Victor. Vinco, victum 37. 
193.] Humus. From x°M^ iEolic for x a ^ s - 
As X6pros, Hortus ; "Ojkos, Uncus. 
JEqvo. See JEquus on Aqua 105. 
194.] Socius. Haigh : ' From £vyios, yoked, 
united.' Pronounced dsugius, for softness sugius : 
then O, as sOboles for sUboles ; C, as puaTew, 
misCeo. (2) From oIkcios, (as olneloi, friends,) 
then bicelos, socius, as EiSos, Sidus. 

Partior. Pars, Partis, from ireipw, Tre-rraprai, to 
pierce quite through. Homer has ireirapfxevos. — 
Hesychius has trdpaos, K\d<rp.a, from tTeirapcrai, and 
from this might be pars. Or from <pdpaos, a part : 
as $cuv6\r)s, Psenula. 

Vinum. Ab otuos, Folvos, as OJkos, Vicus. Or 
from ace. ohov, as p-vprON, myrtUM. 
Deinde. See on Inde 275. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 181—204. 



23 



Bonus. For benus, (whence bene, and benulus, 
bellus,) from beo ; as Manus, good, from fidu, to 
desire ; Plenus from Pleo, Impleo. That which 
hlesses or makes us hlessed. O, as pEndo, pOndus ; 
"EXcuov, Oleum. (2) From irov<2, as ^,rrovBa?os, good, 
from 'ZttovSti. So Uv^os, Buxus. (3) From FovcS 
i. e. bv e'w, bvcS, to profit, help. That is, profitable, 
as Virgil : Bona bello cornus. So Qdhaiva, Balama. 

Cadus. KaSos. 

Onero. As 'Ok4\\co for k4\\o*, 'OSekbs from 
/BeAos, &c. so bveoc could have been used for v4w, to 
heap up. From <Wa>, bvu would be onus, as 
also perhaps ovos, a beast of burden ; 6vr]fj.i, to assist, 
i. e. load with benefits ; ovofxai, oveiZos, to re- 
proach, a reproach, i. e. to load with charges. (2) 
Scaliger deduces onus at once from ovos, an ass, 
beast of burden. (3) From ovos, an upper mill- 
stone. 

196.] Heros. "Hpws. 

197.] Divido. For difido from fido, findo. 
(2) From \Zi6w, Fidiw, from Ftbios, whence vidua. 
I dropt, as Parens for Pariens, Facesso from Facio. 
V, as -fipos, Fijpos, Veris. 

Mcereo. From fioipa, fortune ; here misfortune, 
'hard lot' as translated by Donnegan. Thus 
Avats T\>xas in Euripides. To have bad fortune. 
So ixopio) is KaKoiraddo*. — Or from a/iotpta, whence 
aiAoipvjjLa for aTvxntxa, Steph. 6019. Hence '/xoipioc, 
moereo. See on Temere 6. 840. (2) From /xdpca, 
/xsfxoipa. Ovid: Dividor hand aliter quam si mea 
membra relinquam. 

198.] Ignarus. For in-gnarus, as Ignosco for 
In-gnosco. As irpClTos is in iEolic irparos, and 
alyClv alyav, so yvwpbs could be "written yvapos. 
Now yvoopbs is yvoepbs formed from yvSca, yvw/xi, to 
know, as AtSpov is Aospbv from A6&. And so yvwixn 
from syvoijj.a.1. — The G repudiates the derivation 
from nares: As having a quick scent. 

Malus. From '/xaKbs for a,uaAbs, weak, feeble, 
as Mulgeo from 'Afj.okyeco. Opposed to goodness 
evinced by manliness, as apetwv, better, and &piaros, 
best, from "Apns, war: and Virtus from Vir. 
(2) From fA.t\os, as T n yueA', fruitless, vain, useless, 
like yueAeos. As /lEvew, mAneo. 

199.] Finis. Scaliger from fio : as the end 
and object of what (fit) is done. But it is difficult 
to gain all this from fio. (2) Rather from Sh, 
Stvbs, a shore, M. cpivbs, as Qnpbs iEolice (pvpos. 
Hence a boundary, limit, as Nostris errans mfini- 
bus 4. 211. Dumesnil defines it ' an end, frontier.' 
And confinium ' limit, bound, confines.' So finiti- 
mus. (3) As soft from (pdivw, to wane, decay, as 
(pOivSirupov, the last part of summer. As io-\bs for 
iaOkbs, and as T is lost in TITepva, Perna ; TlTewa, 
Penna. 

200.] Rabies. A state of raving properly of 
dogs ; for rapies, (as HBer from iEolic \4Uop,) from 



rapio, from their seizing at every thing in their way- 
Thus Specio, Species. 

Penitus. Inwardly, internally, thoroughly, 
completely ; from penus, store of food or provisions 
as kept in the interior part of the house, where 
therefore the Penates were worshipped, and whence 
came penetro and penetralia. Penus is from '<p4vos 
i. e. a<pevos, annona, as from cptTfibs, 'peT/ibs, is Re- 
mus. P, as Porto from (poproS. Hence also is 
penes, within the house of, in the custody, govern- 
ment, power or possession of. — As, however, Pa- 
vonis from Taoovos, so some refer penes to retVco, 
rcvcS, to extend to ; and to mean by, at, and (as 
Potis from IToTt) in the power or possession of. 
Others to ireXas, near, as e§eAos and e§eNos, Airpov 
and Nirpov were interchanged. 

Sono. As 2V f P 0I/ was soft for Tiip-epov, 2^res 
for TrjTes, so sonus was soft for tonus from t6vos, 
whence tono. (2) For thonus from 3-eiVw, reQova, 
to strike, beat. So bp'Zbs iEol. for bpQbs, aXdva for 
a@r)vn, 82>2 for 8o'0t, and our loveS for loveTH. 
(3) Soft for stonus from ar6vos, lamentation. So 
T is dropt in Penna from TITevvd. 

202.] Experior. Perior from irsipdo/xai, or a 
form -rreipeo/Acu, (as Spew of opdw,) as timor from 5e7- 
ixop. (2) From pario, whence aperio. ? 

Mozstus. Moereo, moestum. 

Timor. Ad/xos, M. SeifMop. 

203.] ForsAN. Fors an, chance whether. 

Memini. As mlna from /xvu for the sound, so 
memini from nsfxvta, /lefivo/xai. — Or, as Reminiscor 
and Comminiscor are found, and Mentior, at once 
from ixivos, by Hesychius explained vovs, Lat. mens. 
Hence a word \x.iv&, meno, memini, as Disco, Didici. 
To bring into one's mind. The word /j.efiova, found 
in another sense, was formed from this fxevco or 
/j-evew, and produced moneo in the active sense of 
memini, i. e. meminisse facio. 

Juvo. From %6ca, says Riddle: i. e. fofw, jSvo, 
as Zvybv, Jugum ; and juvo as Uti from "Oti. Z6w 
is a form of $d<a, which is ' to be fresh, strong, effi- 
cient, active, powerful : ' Lidd. And this, in an 
active sense, is juvo. (2) Haigh from ' fy<p6w, 
£o<p<2, to obscure, to shade, metaph. to protect.' As 
Qdrns, Vates. (3) To imitate the beneficence 
(Jovis) of Jove. Qui juvat, ille est Jupiter ei quern 
juvat. Thus St Matth. 5. 45 : « That ye may be 
the children of your Father which is in Heaven, for 
He maketh his sun to rise,' &c. We say, That was 
a God-like action. (4) As X6pros, Hortus, and JE. 
rjKap, Jecur, so Xvw, Juvo, to exhilarate, as ix^V 
^vfiSs, Horn. 

204.] Varius. From PaXibs, as BopeS, Voro ; 
and as avAia, seRia; coeRulus for cceLulus. 

Discrijien. Crimen from Ketcpifxivov, (allied to 
which is Kpi/xa,) from Kpivco, whence Kipvco, cerno, to 
distinguish, decide. Hence difference, distinction, 
c 4 



24 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



decision, risk of battle which decides the issue, &c. 
Or crimen is for cernimen from cerno, as Novimen, 
Nomen. Decernere ferro 2. 2 IS. Cerno, to look 
at. is properly to distinguish objects. 

20.5.] Quietus. Quies from Ke.'w, whence «a- 
Ta/veio), KaKKeia), and Ket/tat. 

206 ] Ostendo. For obs-tendo. Obs, as Abs, 
Subs, for the sound. 

Resurgo. Surgo for surrigo, surrego, from s«6, 
' from under,' as in Suspiro, Suspicio, Suscito. Or 
sub is for sup, i. e. supra. As surgo, so is Pergo 
for Perrigo. i?e^o 153. 

207.] Duro. From durus, a 5o&>u. As hard 
as timber. 

208.] Cura. Haigh from nvpos, (as K-qpO'X, 
cerA,) authority, power: here, the office or ad- 
ministration of power. ' Cura,' says Riddle, ' con- 
nected with Administrare, &c. denotes not only 
care, but rather the office which one has to admi- 
nister.' (2) But Riddle 'from qucero, as Cur from 
Quare : Concern, trouble.' (3 ) From Kovpw, as in 
erriKovpw, to aid, assist. Or from Kovpos; To take 
care of boys, as iraiSevcc, bppavi^ui. (4) James 
Bailey says : ' The Latin Carpo, Ceterus, Caula, 
Cura are from the iEolic and obsolete KapwiS, Kvre- 
pos, Kav\a ; Kccpa, for apircS, arepos, abXr}, wpa. The 
C being prefixed.' See also on Caleo 417. And 
some think Cacumen is similarly formed. Cura, 
as (pClpos, fUris. (5) Finally, cura is taken for co- 
rura, from cor, uro. f 

iEaER. A'eger or aegrus, aeypos, transp. from 
liepyos, i. e. incapable of work. Thus Deficio, op- 
posed to Facio. 

209.] Spes. For the ancient speres, from spero. 
Haigh : ' From a"7repea> iEol. for arepeoca, arepew, 
i.e. to assure oneself of.' 27repec2, <r?reepco, spero, 
as conv. vemens into veemens, vehemens. (2) As 
Remus from ipeTfx.bs, per/ibs, so spei from J ^e'o>, 
l\J/ea>, to cherish, nurse i. e. expectation in the mind. 
Pseo, speo, as from |«o, Cseo, is Seco. Or from 
ir4(T(T(a, transp. <rcnrea> : ' to brood over, dwell on :' 
Lidd. (3) From %orira>, 'dtriro/nai, 'to cling, stick to 
a thing, so as to follow its motions:' Lidd. "Eaira, 
speo, as "Iotcw, Scio. (4) From airdu, traho. As 
drawing us on. 

Vultus, Voltus. From volo, volitum, voltum, as 
Vultis for Volitis, Yoltis. As showing the wishes 
of the mind. Plautus : Ut quod frons velit, oculi 
sciant. Cicero : Vultus qui sensus animi plerumque 
indicant. Homily VIII : By the face or counte- 
nance it commonly appears what will or mind he 
bears towards others. 

Simulo. From similis. To make like the 
reality. 

210.] Prseda. Haigh: ' For prcedata bestia ; 
laid in one's way.' (2) Cicero has ^prceda im- 
probe parta.' From pario, paritum, then, could be 



parita,pralta,preeta, as fiovirAl, rnusiE ; and prceday 
as menTior, menTax, menDax. Varro thus : 
Pario, parida, (as Rapio, Rapida,) pra'ida, prceda. 
(3) Riddle from prces, pra'dis. But? 

Dapis. From Sals, Sals, as Auas, laPis. 

Futurus. From fui or /mo 12. 

211.] Tergus. See on 186. 

Costa. For coassata, planked together: from 
assis, a plank. (2) For composita or congesta. 
(3) From consto, costo. All the ribs standing to- 
gether in a row. 

Viscera. Usually the bowels ; from (pvo-icr), the 
stomach and intestines. A s ^dr-ns, Vates. — But 
also the flesh between the skin and the bones. 
Here viscus seems to be from itrxbs, Ficrxvs, strength : 
as constituting the bodily strength of the animal, 
emaciation on the contrary evincing weakness and 
disease. Even the .first sense would seem to flow 
from this, if we believe Forcellini, who distinguishes 
viscera from intestina by the former being the upper 
entrails, as the heart, the lungs, the liver, the 
spleen, and the reins, ' as being fleshy. ' 

Nudo. As Sudum for Se-udum, so nudus for 
ne-indutus, (as in Ne-cesse, Ne-queo,) not clothed : 
or ne-dutus ; duo (See on vs. 690,) from Gr. Svca, as 
luo from \vco ; or at once from a word vy\Svros. 
Nedutus, neutus, nudus, as menTior, menTax, men- 
Dax ; &aTbv, vaDum. 

212] Frustu3I. Qpavorbv, iEolice for &pav- 
<rrbv, broken. 

Seco. Hew, to carve ; cseo, seco, as 'l^bs, 'Itcabs, 
'laicbs, Viscus. So"1(tkw, Scio. 

Veru. As UoKevas, Voluo, Volvo, so veru from 
ire'ipa, irepa, to transfix. Homer : irfipav bfZeKuiai. 

TREMO. Tpe/J.0). 

213.] Ahenus. For aenus from ces. 

Alius. "AXXos. See on vs. 213. 

214.] Victus. Vivo, vivitum, vivtum, for soft- 
ness victum. 

Vires. Vis 69. 

Herba. From <pe'pj8o>, as #eu, Heu. So fiordwn 
from j8oa>, fiocncci). 

215.] Impleo. Pleo, ttx4w, irK^Qca, whence 
ttAcos. So Repleo, Compleo. 

Pinguis. As HNGUa from Xelxo, XiX5>, so 
■naxvs, panguis and pinguis, as aTpAy,a>, strlngo. 
(2) UvKvbs, Truvicbs, pinquis, pinguis. 

Ferina i. e. caro. Fera from <pr\pa, iEolic ac- 
cusative of &ip. 

216.] Exemtus. Emo from a word £n<2, to 
make my own, from e/xos ; like acperepifa, to make 
one's own, appropriate. Hence to take to myself, 
as we find in Ex-emo, Eximo ; De-enio, Demo; Pro- 
emo, Promo ; Sub-emo, Sumo ; Adimo, &c. Then, 
to make my own by purchase, to buy. (2) From 
a/jLuca, a,u(2, to reap, gather, as grAdior, grAssus, 
grEssus. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 205—239. 



25 



Fames. As from Edo, Esum is Esuries, a dis- 
position to eat, i. e. hunger, so from (pdyifxos, dis- 
posed to eat, (like ixax^os, ' disposed to fight : ' 
Lidd.) is fagimes, fames, as Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes. 
(2) James Bailey says of the word Fel : ' Fel is to 
he referred to x°^?> m place of which the iEolians 
might have said x 6 ^, or rather x eA * neut. like 
fieM.' Applying this to James : As x<*- Tl s is a 
craving, from x" w » K^xaTai, x aivu> '■> so from Kex a H- aL 
might be x«M' s or some such word, whence fames. 
Or from x^M X«MMa, a gaping gulf, a void, 
might be fames. But the former derivation is the 
more natural one. 

Mensa. Riddle : * A surveying board or table ; 
then generally a table. From metior, mensum.' 
Or on which the provisions were meted out. Pe- 
tronius : Jussit suam cuique mensam assignari. 
(2) From jxifft] ; N added as in Mensus. That is, 
Tpdirefa fiear) /ce^e'vTj. Virgil : Mediisque parant 
convivia tectis : Aulai in medio libabant pocula 
Baccho. 

217.] Sermo. Sero, serimo, sermo, as Salio, 
Salimo, Salmo. Virgil : Multa inter sese vario 
sermone serebant. (2) Ab eppbs, elpfxbs, nexus, 
series, like serebant above. S, as A E£, Sex. 

Requiro. 'Epe'co is to ask, seek. Karepeco may 
have had the same meaning. Then as Providens 
became Proidens, Prudens, so KarepoS, Kaepw, gucero. 

(2) From x«peiW, iEolic of x^pevw, to be destitute. 

(3) Haigh : ' From ireipdai, iEolic Ketpdca, <2, to try, 
solicit.' But here the M is not accounted for. 

218.] Dubius. For duvius : standing between 
(duas vias) two roads, Ziardfav. And some derive 
dubito from duo and beto, to go, mentioned on vs. 96. 
Or the B is like V in Exuviae, Diluvies. 

Seu. From sive, siue. Virgil : Sive errore viae 
sew, &c. So Neve, Neu. 

Credo. From /ce'xp^Sa pf. of x/^fc (or rather 
fut. 2. XPV$&) taken in the sense of XP« W > to lend : 
i. e. entrust my money or my opinion to another. 
(2) Priscian for ' cretum do' i. e. judicatum : I allow 
it as judged and determined. But ? 

219.] Extremus. Ex term ab i&repos : then 
exterrimus, extreimus, extremus. — Others bring ex- 
terus from exter, as Subter, Inter, Ulster, Ulter. 

220.] Nunc. Nvu ye, vvv y', nunc: much as 
Atque, Atq, Ac. 

Pr^cipuus. From * capio prae aliis.' Like 
Eximius. 

Acer. 'Aktjp JEol. of riicrjs as in afj.cp^Krjs. He- 
sychius : 'H/ces, o|u. So celeS, celeR. 

221.] Crudelis. From crudus, (like Fidelis,) 
for cruidus, (like Frigidus,) from cruor, npvop iEolic 
of Kpvos. Bloody, still raw, unripe, sour, sour in 
temper, fierce. See on Atrox 662. 

223.] Jupiter. Zebs irarrip, Juspiter, as Zvybv, 
Jugum ; Juppiter. 



226.] Lumen. Luceo, lucimen, lumen, as Fulgeo, 
Fulgimen, Fuhnen. Here lumina are the eyes, as 
Gr. <pdea. 

228.] Tristis. From rpuarbs, afflicted, as 
(ppTyou, frlgo; (ttT-jtos, stipes. Tpvoo is here much 
the same as Tpi>x<*>. 

Lacry3ia. From 5dKpvfj.a, as oAvo-aevs, uLysses. 
Festus indeed states that Livius Andronicus used 
the word dacrima. The quantities differ, as an- 
chora from ayavpa. 

Niteo. From vifa, vcvitcu, to wash, whence 
virpov and obs. virew ; or from fut. j/tSew. Thus 
Lautus, which has the sense of Nitidus, from Lavo. 
Dumesnil defines niteo ' to shine with a gentle 
brightness, such as what is cleaned.' 

230.] Fulmen. See on Lumen 226. 

Terreo. From reipco, Mol. fut. reppo), to dis- 
tress, from whose fut. 2. TapcS are rapdcraca and rap- 
6eco ; and from repa are repas, a portent, and rpeco, 
Tpifxa>, Tremo. 

232.] Funus. From funis. A funeral con- 
ducted under the light of tapers and torches. Thus 
Vespillo was called from Vesper. (2) Voss says : 
In its sense of death it is from cpSvos, i. e. <povvos, as 
/ulovos, fxovvos : in its sense of a funeral pile from 
fSowbs, a mound. Thus Formica from Bvp/j.r]Ka. 

233.] Orbis. See on Urbs 5. 

235.] Fore, Forem, like Amare, Amarem. 
Fuo (12), fuerem, fur em, forem, as &i>pa, M. <piipa, 
foris. 

236.] Ditio. Forcellini: 'In some Gloss, dido, 
a St'/C77, jus, judicium, (or prescriptive, hereditary 
right,) but Voss brings it from dis, ditis for divitis.' 
In the last case I ought to be long. For the C see 

on sauCius 2. 223 Or for ducio from dux, ducis, 

like Regio 460. Thus llbens and lUbens were 
both said. Cicero : ' Ducis imperio parebant, di- 
tionem amplificabant.' 

237.] Polliceor. For porro liceor, to hold out 
a price as an offer, then to offer, engage, promise ; 
somewhat like Promitto, properly to send or put 
forth, hold out. Others from per-liceor. And what 
is liceor ? As AaKpv/ia, Lacryma ; from StKatov/xai, 
in a middle sense, to judge worthy ; or to ask nark 
Ukt]v, i. e. /car' a|tai>, according to its value. Adam 
says : ' Rogo quo pretio liceat em ere.' 

Sententia. From sentio. For sentientia, as 
Pariens, Parens. 

238.] Equidem. Usually deduced from ego 
quidem ; but I prefer etquidem, like Et-enim. Equi- 
dem is not found invariably with the first person of 
the Verb. 

239.] Solor. As some say, To go to one (solum) 
left widowed or solitary, in order to cheer him. — 
But better from sollus from o\os or oAKos, as in Sol- 
lennis 2. 202. To make whole, reinstate the spirits. 
S, as 'OXubs, Sulcus. 



26 



VIRG1LIAN HOURS. 



Contrarius. From contra. As Librarius. 
240.] FoitTUNA. From fors, fortis 151. As 

Lacuna. 

243.] Pexetro. See on Penitus 200. 

Intimus. Interior, (637.) interrimus, intimus. 
As Inferior, Infimus. 

244.] Fons. From (pcav^eis, (pavfis, <pa>vs, sound- 
ing;. (2) For fnndens, fundentis, as pouring fresh 
water from the earth. O, as sUboles, sOboles. 
(3) From (popbs, carrying forward, as some derive 
poNs from ttSPos, ttoPs. 

Supero. To get (super) above, overcome. Also 
to live beyond, survive 3. 345. 

245.] NoVEM. 'EiWct, euea, eneem, as Se/cA, 
decEM ; then enovem, as vEos, nOVus ; then novem, 
as 'Eperixbs, Remus. 

246.] Arvum. Like Cadivum, for arluum from 
aro. Or aro, aruum, as Muto, Mutuum. 

247.] Tamen. Ta fxev, i. e. Kara ravra fxkv, ovtco 
l*ev, considering p.ev like /j.4vtoi. 

248.] Nomen. Nosco, novi, novimen, nomen, 
like Lumen 226, Agmen 82. Properly gnomen, as 
in Agnomen, Cognomen, Ignominia, from ywuxrKO), 
yvuxTKw, gnosco. 

249.] Pax. From pago, paxi, pango, allied to 
paciscor for pagiscor, pactum : all from Trqyvv/xi, 
fut. 2. iray<S, perf. ireirriya, Trendy a. (2) Donnegan : 
' From ira|ai Lacon. for irava-ai.'' 

Quiesco. See quies 205. 

250.] Annuo. Adnuo from nuo, nutum, vevca, to 
nod assent. 

251.] Infandus. Not to be spoken, as Nefan- 
dus. For, fandus, like Amandus. 

252.] Prodo. Like E-do, Ob-do. 

254.] Rideo. For renideo, as Subteximen, 
Subtemen ; Gr. yu.aA.ci for /neydXa. 

Sator. Sero, send, seritum, setum, satum, as 
rEor, rEtus, rAtus. Sero is to connect, join; 
from epco, -whence a. 1. epcra, pf. pass, iepfievos, like 
eipto. S, as 'Epva, Servo ; ElSos, Sidus. Also, to 
sow, plant ; from the rows of the things sown or 
planted. But some consider this sero as soft for 
spero from aireipoo, (Tirepw, much as the T in Tireuva, 
Penna. 

255.] Sereno. Serenus from ^epbs, dry. Vir- 
gil : Serenas Ventus agat nubes. S, as our Sample 
for Example, 'Xample. Enus as in Terrenus, 
Septenus. (2) From sero. As fine for sowing. 
(3) Tranquil, mild, from elpi)vn corrupted to ipwy, 
peace. S added as in Sero 254. 

256.] Osculum. A little mouth, from os, like 
Flosculus. Also, a kiss : as in kissing ' ex ore 
facimus osculum,' Forcell. 

LlBO. Aei'Sco. 

Nata, Gnata. Tevvdw, yvdu>, yvdcncw, gnasco, 
nasco, as fiaw, /Udo-na). So ytvuxruw, Gnosco, Nosco. 
And nascor is yevvdo/xai, oo^ai. Gnatus is yevvarbs, 



yvdrSs. Nata is one born to a person. 

257.] Parco. From parens. Parian, paricus, 
(as Modus, Modicus,) parcus : i. e. qui parum dat 
aut habet. 

258.] Cerno. See on Discrimen 204. 

259.] Sublimis. Sub, from under, as in Suspi- 
cio, Suspiro ; or for sup, i. e. supra limum : Suplimis. 
Rising above the mud of earth. Horace : ' Udam 
Spernit humum fugiente penna : ' i. e. ' ccenosam et 
lutosam,' Delph. So our Poet : ' But high she 
shoots through air and light, Above all low delay, 
Where nothing earthly bounds her flight,' &c. 
(2) For subliminis, from limen. An upper threshold. 
Ennius : Aspice hoc sublimen candens quod vocant 
coelum. 

261.] Quando. For qua endo, i. e. in qua hora, 
tempestate, parte. Endo ab &doi>, eu5o\ as 5pi/c«N, 
draco ; and our fro' for froM. 

Mordeo. See on vs. 169. 

262.] Arcands. Kept in (area) a chest : as 
Oppidanus. (2) Ab arceo. A quo alios arces. 

263.] Ferox. From /era 211. As Velox. 

264.] Tundo. As Cudo from kotttw, kottco, 
(174), so TU7TTCO, tuttco, tuSSco, tudo, and tundo, as 
frago, fraNgo. — Or, as tvtttw is from rvw whence 
titvctkw, from tvco could be tudo, as Avca, luDo. 
(2) From fteiVco, rsOova, to smite, could be §oveco, 
&ov&, whence (as reva, tenDo, and as Qpia/x€os, 
Triumphus,) tondo or tundo, as vOltis, vUltis ; 
"OyKos, Uncus. 

Mos. Modus, mos, much as Volis, Vis ; and 
moris formed after Mus, Muris. Horace : More 
modoque. (2) Shortened from vofios, as in Modern 
Greek dhu for ov8ev, va for Xva. 

265.] Tertius. From ter ; or rpiros, Tipros. 

iEsTAS. Ab cestus 107. 

266.] Ternus. From ter, as Quater, Qua- 
ternus. 

Hybernus. Hyems, hyemis, hyememus, as iEter- 
nus ; then hymernus, hybernus, as BoXybs and 
MoVyo's. 

267.] Puer. ITaTs, ndis, M. irdip, and irol'p, 
puer. 

Cognomen. See on vs. 248. 

268.] Addo. Like Ab-do, E-do. ' 

269.] Triginta. TpiaKovra. G as quinCenti, 
quinGenti ; I as "O/xSpos, Imbris. 

Mensis. Cicero: Quia mensa spatia conficiunt, 
menses nominantur. (2) From fiyc, wvbs, fxi)us. 

270.] Expleo. See Impleo 215. 

271.] Munio. To surround with mania. See 
on vs. 7. 

272.] Centum. As TT€(po§i]h.To was put for 

irecpoSrji'NTo, emreTeXiKeiA. for -«etN, conversely 

! eicarbv became knvrbv, and Kevrbv, as <Wco, Scio ; 

i. e. centum. Or thus : eKarbv, Kearbu, nerbv, then 

ceNtum, as Sdaus, deNsus. (2) Haigh : From 



JENEID, BOOK I. 240—289. 



27 



KevroS, to prick: because they probably made a 
point at every hundred. 

273.] Donec. From dumque, says Riddle. 
That is, domque, donque, doneq, donec, as Atque, 
Atq, Ac. — But donicum was the old word, and dam 
is rather a contraction of donicum, as Vis of Volis, 
&c. As we have Tamquam, Tanquam, so also 
tumquum (as Ovid: O utinam turn cum &c.) or 
tunquum, tuncum. Now for euphony /xva became 
mlna, acpt slbi, ai<px<2 sibllo, acrnXriTnos ascUlapius, 
pvK\ai macUlae, rfx-nrhv tEmetum, and perhaps 
memlni from fiEfivca ; so tuncum became tunicum or 
dunicum, as Demum from Trj/xos; then donicum, as 
sOboles for sUboles. — Ainswortk from dum cum. 

Sacerdos. Sacer or sacerus is from ayepbs, a 
■word formed from 070s whence ayids. S and C, as 
SanCio or SaCio from al\&>. So e|, Sex; /tuoTe'co, 
misCeo. — Dos in sacerdos a termination as Palli- 
dus, Viridis, &c. Others from do: Qui sacra dat. 

274.] Mars. For Mavors. 

Partus. Pario vs. 75. 

275.] Inde. As Indu from ev§o i.e. evdov, so 
hide from ivtitv i. e. ej/0e. Or from eV0ej>5e, evSe. 
We have Exinde, Deinde. (2) Be eo loco s. tem- 
pore in quo quis sit. We have Exin, Dein. 

Lupa. Lupus from XvKos, as Ylvafios Doric for 
Kva/xos. 

Fulvus. Fulgeo, fulsum, fulsivus, as Fugio, Fu- 
gitum, Fugitivus : then fulvus, much as Facio, Fa- 
ciber, Faber. 

Tegmen. Tego, tegimen, tegmen, like Ago, Agi- 
men, Agmen. From ar4yw, as 2</>aAAa>, Fallo; or 
from obs. reya), whence reyos. 

277.] Suus. From gen. sui. As from the 
iEolic fxev or jxiv -was Mei, so from ev or %v was 
(as *E, Se,) sei, and sui, much as bidUum for 
bidlum. 

278.] Meta. From metor, to measure out, 
limit, bound. Thus Dr. Johnson explains Measure 
' limit, boundary.' (2) Dunbar says : ' The perf. 
pass, of the obs. fieco, meo, to go, [whence a/xeuco, 
a(xei€oj, to pass,] probably furnished meta.' (3) Sal- 
masius says : ' From (avtos, whence fivriXov, Hesych. 
icxciTov, last.' Doctius quam veriiis. 

Tempus. From refxva, T€/j.dS, as fxSpos, morBus. 
Divided into sections, as seasons, years, &c. Rid- 
dle: 'A portion cut off, as of the heavens which the 
sun measures off every hour which is determined 
by the course of the sun.' 

279.] Quin. For qui ne, qui non, ' why not ? ' 
That is, why should I not say this, for more than 
this is true ? 

280.] Fatigo. For fatim ago, I urge on ex- 
cessively. See on vs. 123. 

281.] Consilium. From consulo, as Exulo, 
Exilium ; Praesideo, Presidium. From consalio. 
Properly said of persons springing together (as we 



say Concurring from Curro,) to decide a point. 
Ains worth : « Qui consulunt, rationious in unam 
sententiam saliunt.' (2) Consilium for considium, 
as aLacris ab &Aanpvs. Ovid : Consedere duces, 
&c. Doderlein also thinks that consulo is to sit 
down, but ' from the same root as solium, sella, and 
perhaps solum.' (3) From sileo. A mutuo silentio, 
says Festus. « Quia consilia,' says Wachter, ' solent 
clam haberi.' 

Melior. Ruddiman says : ' Mavelo, (mdlo), ma- 
velior, melior.' Much as Detero, Deterior. (2) From 
fxeXi, whence a word /xexiwv, melior. More sweet, 
more desirable. (3) From ^e'Aet. More an object 
of care, more precious. (4) As Airpov was said for 
tiirpuv, and e§eAos and egeNos were both used, so 
meLior from '^ueNiW i. e. a/j.eviow, from which, says 
Fischer, is afxeivow. (5) From fie\ia, a spear. 
More expert in the spear, as jSe'Arepos from /SeAoy. 
Or, as B and M are convertible, from SeAiW formed 
from /3eAos, like /3^\repos. 

282 ] Dominus. From domus. The proprietor 
of a house. Or domus, dominor, dominus. (2) From 
domo, to subdue under one's power. 

Togatus. Toga from a word T0777, formed 
from T€7o>, Teroya, whence r4yos ; shortened from 
ariyai, as 2<£aAAa>, Fallo. 

283.] Lustrum. A purifying sacrifice offered 
by the Censor every five years ; and hence that 
period of time. From luo, to expiate ; lucsi, luc- 
strum, (as Rasum, Rastrum,) for euphony lustrum. 
(2) From a word Kovarpov or Xvarpou, from Xovcu 
or Xvca. 

iETAS. JEvum, cevitas, atas. As Bonum,Bonitas. 

284.] Clarus. From the obs. y\avpbs, like 
yXavubs, azure. See on Gloria 2. 83, and on Gla- 
cies 3. 284. — Or from obs. 7Aaa>, yhaepbs, yXapos. 

285.] Servitium. From servus, which for se?-- 
vatus, as Probus for Probatus, Libertus for Libe- 
ratus. A captive preserved in war, faypr}6ds. — 
Others deduce it ' a servando res heriles.' (2) Scheid : 
' Properly nexus, from epa> : ' whence is elpepos, 
bondage. From epa> could be elpos, elpFos, ser Vus, 
as i'Aa, v\Fa, sylVa. 

Dominor. See dominus 282. 

286.] Origo. From orior ; like Vertigo. 

287.] Oceanus. 'Q,Keav6s. 

Fama. ^rj/J-v, &• (pa/xa. 

Termino. Terminus from rtpixw, ovos. 

Astrum. "Aa-rpou. 

289.] Spolium. From cnrv\os Mo\. of ctkvAos, 
the skin of an animal. Or airvKov iEol. of ckvKov, 
a spoil, as fOlium from (pTWov. Thus we have 
crepido from KpH7rt5a. (2) From (tttoXt) iEol. of 
cttoA^, a garment, as aTdSiov, 2E. aUdSiov. Vestium 
detractio. (3) Or from a-KoKia, wool plucked off 
sheeps' legs ; or airoXas, a leathern cloak : allied 
probably to airdu, vello. 



28 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Oriens. From orior. Where the sun rises. 

290.] Securus Seorsum a curd. See on vs. 
92. 

VoTUM. Voveo, vovitum, votum. Voveo from 
&e6atco, to establish i. e. by strong assurance : 
whence beheo, as eAAIoj/, olEum ; veveo, as Bico, 
ViVoj then voveo, as vOmo from Fe/i&5. (2) As 
Spew for Span, so j8oeo> for jSoaco, to speak out with a 
loud voice ; hence j8ofea>, iweo, as Bifai, ViVo. 

291.] Mitesco. Hesychius explains ixlco by 
ccrdlw, to eat : i. e. to reduce small, whence /j.'tKpbs, 
from perf. fxe/xiKa, and from fj.4jxlTai is mztis, fit to 
eat. Virgil: Mitia poma. (2) Ainsworth from 
Hediete or /ueflels, remittens, yielding. Rather the 
former, by corruption fxeidels, mitis, as Aa0eo>, 
laTeo. (3) From fxeiAiKrbs, softened ; shortened 
to /xeLKTbs, /jLeirSs. (4) Haigh : • From /xetSfc from 
/xetSw, to smile.' As in ^iXo/x/jidSris. As Tasda 
from AaTSa. (5 ) Yoss says : ' The iEolians said 
Motco for Tiara), MaOovaa for na0ov<ra.' Mitis 
similarly from ireidw, persuasion. Easy, soft, 
yielding. 

S^culum, Seculum. As Forcellini states that 
the former is the undoubted reading, it will be best 
deduced from alow, ceCum, as otv&os, speCus, and as 
/SpaxfoN, brachiUM. S prefixed, as in "AXros, 
Saltus ; v A£os, Saxum ; E?8os, Sidus. Scsculum being 
a diminutive. (2) Those who write seculum derive 
it usually from sequor, for secuculum, much as 
Miraculum. Age following age. Or from seco, 
for secaculum. A section of time, as Tempus from 
refico. (3) Turnebus says on the Lucretiau Secla 
ferarum : ' He follows not so much the received 
notion of the word, as its derivation from §\t|, 
lkos, a fellow, comrade. The Aspirate is a thou- 
sand times turned into S, and L and K are trans- 
posed.' 

292.] Canus. As clades from /cAaSos, and fera 
from <pypa, so canus from yavos, brightness, or at 
least allied to it through ydco, yaioi. 

Fides. See on vs. 113. 

Vesta. Ab ea-ria, a hearth; as the goddess of 
it. Thus Vespera ab 'Ecnr4pa ; and I dropt as in 
Parens from Pariens. 

293.] Jus. From jubeo, jussum. As ordered 
by the laws. (2) As authority, from Se'os, fear, as 
we pronounce solDIER as if it was solJER. As 
Jus, broth, from £*e'os. (3) Juris from juro, says 
Riddle. But the latter is usually deduced from the 
former. 

Dirus. From 5e?o?, fear, as evu>, uRo ; or rather 
from an adj. deiepbs, formidable. Others under- 
stand it as soft for dinus from Seivos. 

Ferrum. Wachter says, from Germ, wer, arms, 
instruments of defence. And Haigh from yippov, 
a shield, instrument of defence ; M. fieppov, and 
ferrum, as Bvpjx-r\Ka, Formica. Others from ferio, 



whence ferurum, much as Seco, Securis. Thus in 
the Bible : His sons smote him with the sword : 
If he smite him with an instrument of iron : Thou 
shalt bruise them with a rod of iron. Or rather 
from (pdeipw, <\>9iipov, M. tpdeppou, destroying, de- 
structive ; omitted as T in irTewa, penna ; ifYtpva, 
perna. (2) Properly, hot iron, from Sepw, 8rtp<rw, 
hdpp&y, JEol. <p£ppo), (whence Ferveo,) to make hot, 
Seppov. As heated in the furnace to be beaten out 
(tto\vkixt)t6s re aidripos, Horn. ) into instruments for 
the purposes of life. Iron being of most general 
use among the metals, and therefore particularized 
by this appellation. Virgil 12. 100, has ' calido 
ferro,' used however of curling-irons. Observe the 
formation of Saxum vs. 108. Thus some derive 
o-iSiqpos, iron, from oifc, %aibov, to hiss (in the fur- 
nace). 

Arctus. Ab arceo, arcitum, arctum. Inclosed, 
confined. 

295.] Vincio. From <r<piyyiou, a string, band : 
or acpiyyiu from a word atyiyyifa like or<piyy<a. As 
patlOR vs. 5. 2 dropt, as 2<£aAAa>, Fallo. V, as 
4>aT7?s, Vates. C, as jtuoTew, misCeo. (2) From 
iruKi/bs, whence ttvkv6oo, to make close, and a verb 

TTVKVlfa, flit. TTVKVM, TTWK100, aS uXAoS, OAXOS, VuLGuS. 

(3) For vimine amjicio. 

296.] Nodus. From a word yovw^yjs, yvop^s, 
from y6vv, the knee or joint of the grasses ; like 
Geniculatus, knotted, jointed. V dropt, as in 
rivuxTKw, Gnosco, Nosco. (2) Haigh fancifully 
from v)i 656s : as stopping the continuity of the 
stalk, &c. 

296.] Horridus. Horreo 165. 

Cruentus. Cruor 221. 

298.] Novus. Neos, veFos, neVus, ndvus, as 
spa, Fefj.<2, VEmo, VOmo. 

Pateo. UeTaco, to expand ; transp. irariw. (2) 
From gen. fiaOeos, deep, as Posco from Bwovcco i. e. 
fiodaKa) ; and as Aa0ew, laTeo. 

299.] Hospitium. Hospes ab %<rmos, ZEol. for 
ecrrios, tyeanos, sitting at the hearth as a suppliant. 
iEschylus : iKerris koX 86/jlwu ecpearios efialv. As 
&vos, Thus ; so %ainos, 'icnris, hospes, as cOrcyra 
from KEpKvpa. (2) From out is, JE. o<nns : who- 
ever he may be, a stranger. Virgil : Egredere, o 
quicunque es, ... succede penatibus hospes. See 
on Hostis vs. 378. 

Nescius. Ne-scio, non-scio. As Nefas. 

300.] Arceo. 'Ap/ce'co. 

Aer. 'A-f)p. 

301.] Remigium. Remum ago, remigo, as Na~ 
vigo. 

Ala. For axilla, as Maxilla, Mala : ab ago, axi, 
axula : That on which the bird acts or on which 
it impels itself. Thus axis is the iron on which a 
hinge works, and the pole round which the world 
turns, like &&v ab &yu>, &|«. Ala is also an arm-pit, 






iENEID, BOOK I. 290—321. 



29 



on which the arm works. (2) Axula from ataau, 
atfc, a£w, to rush. Qua ruit avis. 

Volo. Usually referred to the root of Pov\o/j.ai, 
i. e. jSoAw, to cast the mind upon. Homer, 'Ew 
<ppea\ jSaAAeo afjai. But, as we find vElim, volo may- 
be for vElo, as Fepu, vOmo : and vSlo from de'Aw, 
JE. <p4\w, as *cittjs, Vates : or from eAw, to choose, 
digammated fe'Aw, as 'Eo-irepa, Vespera. 

Quietus. Quies 205. 

304.] Benignus. Bene, and anc. greneo, genui. 
For benigenus, i. e. 6e«e genitus, or like 6om m- 
^ctim. So Malignus, Salignus. 

305.] Plurimus. From plus, pluris. Plus from 
iEol. 7rAeGs, -n-Aeui/os : on the model of Mus, Maris. 
Others take pluris for plunis, irAevvos. 

306.] Lux, Lucis. From luceo, a Avktj, found 
in XvKaSas, XvKocpws, \vKawy)]S, a/x(piKvKr]. Thus 
Macrobius states that the ancient Greeks called the 
first dawn Kvkv, and the sun \vkos, and that hence 
lucis was thought to be derived. 

307] Almus. Alo, alimus, like fidx^os. And 
alo from obs. #A«, whence &\6u from &\Qr)v ; and 
obs. &A8w, whence aASew, &A5aiV&>. (Lidd. Gr. Lex.) 

308.] Fera. See on vs. 215. 

309.] Constituo. Statuo from sfo, ctgD, sta- 
tum, whence stdtim, like datum. Statuo, to make 
to stand as in vs. 724. : then to fix, determine. 

310.] Convexus. Veho, vexi. For con-devexus, 
carried downwards on each side, as Deorsum for 
Devorsum, and as Despicio, to look down upon. 

312.] Occulo. For occelo, as conversely Juro, 
Dejero. (2) From cSlo. From burying the seed 
in sowing and planting. (3) Dumesnil for oboculo, 
obculo : To cast a mist (ob oculos) before the eyes, 
and take away the view of objects. 

Comitor. From comes, comitis ; from com, and 
eo, itum, whence iter, aditus. Compare Coitus 398. 

313.] Binus. From bis. So Trinus. 

Crispo.] To crisp, wrinkle, curl, and then 
make to curl, move in a tremulous manner. Pro- 
perly, to make rough and uneven. For Scaber is 
rough, i. e. scratched and clawed, from Scabo. 
And Kvi-mu) is to scratch, tear, lacerate, and allied 
is Kva/jLTTTca and yi/d/u.TTTw, to crook or bend like 
crispo. Allied to Kvafitrrui and Kvairrw was kvItttco, 
whence nvnrbs is scraping, niggardly, and which 
was allied to Kvifa, (like Niirrw and Ni'fiw.) to grate, 
rasp, and thus to make a surface rough and uneven. 
From kv'itttco, Kvityai or a verb Kvttyuu>, a, cnipso, 
could be cnispo, as dePTos, aeFPos, eegrus. Hence 
crispo for euphony, as cRisso from KNtScrcu, gRoma 
from yNot/xa, and cRepus, cReperus, cRepusculum, 
from KN4(pas. 

Hastile. Hasta from obs. hando whence pre- 
hendo, 2. 322. Hando, hastum, as Haurio, Haustum ; 
Torreo, Tostum. Handled, grasped, as Homer 
v E7xos exwy, holding his spear, or, to use a Latin j 



obsolete phrase, hastam handens. Indeed eyxos it- 
self is for %x os from ex<», to hold. (2) As Haurio 
from 'Apia, hasta for asta from asto. ' Ab astando 
in foro ; as the sign of an auction, whence hasta 
means an auction:' Ainsw. (3) From a word 
aX a(TT h, from crxdfa, ecrxacTat, to cut open, lance. 
As Hio from 2x'£ 106. 

314.] Mater. M-r)rr)p, JE. par-rip. 

Obvius. From via, which from la, Flo, subj. of 
el/u.1, to go, as *I?, Vis. Viator presumes a word 
vio, vidvi. (2) From 'yvta, a.yvi.d. Guia, via, much 
as Duellum, Bellum. (3) From veho. Vehia, veia, 
via. 

315.] Virgo, Virgixis. As we say Spinster 
from Spinning, the Latins formed the word for 
Damsel from working generally. Thus from %pyov 
was ipyavls, whence virginis, as ivrtpov, Venter ; 
TE770, tlngo ; and as ixax^va, machlna. Homer : 
Aa>aw eirra yvvaiKas afivfxovas, "EPr 5 tlSulas. Virgil : 
Olli serva datur, OPERUM haud ignara Minervse. 
(2) From vireo, for virlgo, like Origo : a virenti 
setate. (3) From virago, a heroine. 

Habitus. Quo quis se habet, Gr. us exet. So 
(rxrjfJ-a. ab ex&>. 

316.] QuALIS. As UQs, iEolice KoSs ; SO 7r7?Ai- 
kos, JE. KdXiKos, kolXlks, /cdAi|, qualis, as rdAi/cos, 
Talis. 50. (2) 'From qua, as Via, Vialis : ' Ainsw. 

317.] Volucer. Volo, to fly, 150. Much as 
Saluber, Celeber. 

318.] Humerus. Ab Sfiop JEol. of u/jlos. H 
added, as in Haurio, Horreo. And U for co, as 
'nAeVa, ^ClAva, Ulna. 

Habilis. From habeo. Fit to be handled, worn 
or used. Ovid : Vestis bona quserit haberi. Cicero: 
Calcei habiles et apti ad pedem. Hence in general, 
fit, suitable, apt, &c. 

319.] Venatrix. From ferlna i. e. caro, veni- 
son ; whence ferinor, fe'inor, fenor, as Providens, 
Proidens, Prudens ; Subteximen, Subtemen. Hence 
venor, as Harris, Vates; $id\ri. Vial. (2) Haigh : 
' From (poivdoi, dojxai, uifxai, to desire to kill, go in 
quest of (<pouos) slaughter.' (3) As doNum soft 
from fi&Pov, phenor for pheror from (pripco/xai, JEoL 
for ^ripoSfiai. Or thus : pheror, pherinor, phenor. 

Coma. K<ho?. 

320.] Genu. Tow. 

Fluo. BAuou, to spout or gush forth, fiuo, as 
Bpeuw, Fremo. 

321.] Heus. From (pev, says Dacier. 4>eD 
being an exclamation not only of grief, but of 
wonder: as Heu also is used in Plautus, and as 
Heus is used in 7. 116.: Heus! etiam mensas con- 
sumimus. Or rather <psv <re, <pev <? : i. e. <pev ! <re 
Ka\<2. So Aristoph. Av. 274, Ovtos, co ai toi. See 
Matthiae § 427. 

Ixquio. Riddle : ' From ei/eVa?, as seQUor 
from XKofxaC That is, itnreu, eV/cew. (2) Ab e'7- 



30 



YIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Xtw, fundo (verba). Catullus : Profudit pectore 
voces. 

Juvenis. From juvo : a termination affixed, 
much as Volucer from Volo, Celeber, &c. One 
arrived at that age as to be of use to his family, 
friends, and country. Juvenal : ' Gratum est quod 
patriae sit idoneus, utilis agris, Utilis et bellorum et 
pacis rebus agendis.' Compare conversely Gr. en-i- 
Kovpiw from Kovpos. 

Monstro. Moneo, monsum makes monstrum, as 
Rado, Rasum makes Rastrum : hence also monstro. 
To teach, instruct, guide, show. 

323.] Pharetra. Qapirpa. 

Maculosds. Mvk\cu are the black stripes on 
the neck and feet of asses, -whence Callimachus has 
ii/ved/j.vKXos ovos. From these black stripes are any 
marks or spots : i. e. from p.vic\ai are macula, as 
K?Cvhs, cAnis ; «TAi|, eAlix : and as U is added in 
iEscUlapius from 'AcrKArimos 

Lynx. Avy£. 

324.] Aper. As ala for 701a, €?§o for Aei&o, 
so aper, or properly aprus, (as Ager is Agrus, 
' Ay pbs,) from K&irpos. (2) Quod aperit terrain 
sseviendo. 

325.] Filius. Ttbs, Fvibs, JiLius, as feLix for 
fe'ix 330. Thus Heyne writes vtbs with the di- 
gamma, fTIOS, II. cr. 138. So Firmus from Feip/xa 
2. 481. (2) Becman: ' From (plMos, as the delight of 
his parents. Nothing so sweet, says Callistratus, 
as the name of sons.' The I is sometimes long in 
(pi\os, as 4>rAe Kaaiyvrjre, II. 8. 155. (3) As (pvXov 
from tpvw, so filius. One of the same family. 

Ordior. From obs. 6p8e&>, whence Hesychius 
has opSrjjua, wool made ready for spinning. Pliny : 
Aranea orditur telas. (2) As from obs. dkw, Latin 
Alo, is aAAw, &AAeo>, and as morDeo 169, so or Dior 
from opco, uprai, or from ophir\v, like dpdrju and depdrfv. 
That is, adorior rem. 

327.] Quam. Some say for quantum, which 
rather is from quam. Quam is the ace. fem. re- 
lative : ad quam rationem, in what way, &c. So 
Alias is an adverb, and Unquam for Unicam. 

Haud. From oi>8\ H added for euphony, as in 
Haurio, Honor. The ancients, says Forcellini, 
said aud and aut. The latter from out. A, as 
sAucius from oTtlos 2. 223. 

328.] Mortalis. From mors, mortis 88. As 
Lethalis. 

329.] An. *Av, the same as idv, if. 

330.] Sim. Properly, siem ab ^vr\v. S added, 
as in eiSos, Sidus. M, as in /xovadN, musaM. 

Felix. From the old feo, whence foetus 51, 
fnecundus, fozmina. And L added, as in fiLius 325. 
Felix is properly productive, abundant, as Felix 
uteri, Felix frugibus. (2) Voss : ' Ab fjAt| or 7]Xi- 
Kia, the vigor or prime of life : Vigorous in body 
or mind.' Or e</>5jAt|, '<p?jAil-. (3) Scheid from 



</>t?Aw JEo\. of d^Aco, for &r)\dau> fut. of dijArffw, to 
give suck. 

331.] Tandem. Doderlein for tarn demum. 
(2) Or, for tamen demum, yet at last. (3) Others 
say for turn demum, i. e. tundem. Rather for tantun- 
dem, so much, so far. Thus : ' One spoke so much ; 
the other began,' is the same as, ' One spoke : at 
length the other began.' (4) For dandem, as Tseda 
for Daeda, AouSa. From ddv JEol. of 8771/, long: 
with dem affixed, as in Pridem, Tantundem. 

332.] DoCEO. Aei/cw, dei£ce, for Se'/cw, 8e|a>, Se- 
80/ca, whence §o/ce'a>, doceo. Riddle rightly compares 
Moneo formed as on vs. 203. — Ainsworth says : 
'From Sok6o>, existimo, whence ddyfiaia, placita et 
decreta doctorum.' ? 

334.] Hostia. Ovid says, from hostis : Hosti- 
bus a domitis hostia nomen habet. As offered up 
at the rout of an enemy, as Victima from Victus. — 
But, as Herba from 4>epgw, and Heu from 4>eG, and 
as nOctis from vTurbs, so hostia from (pvaria, JEol. 
for bvaTia, a sacrifice. Ennius has a verb hostio 
from bvarifa, &v<ttiu. 

335.] Tunc. For tumque, tumq\ as Atque, 
Atq', Ate, Ac. — Arnold for turn, with the demonstr. 
syllable ce, /ce. 

Dignor. Puto dignum. Dignus is soft for dic- 
nus, (as cyGnus from kvKvos,) from 81*77. Sopho- 
cles : AiKaios etyui t&>j/8' airrjAXaxdcu Troucau, Dignus 
sum ut, &c. 

336.] Gesto. Gero, gestum 24. 

337.] Purpureus. From. irop<pvpa, purpura. 

Sura. S is prefixed, as in Sidus, Saltus, Saxum, 
and sura is from oupd, the hinder part of any thing. 
Sura cruris. U, as /aOTaa, mUsa. 

Cothurnus. K66opvos. 

339.] Tracto. Traho, tractum. Transveho, 
traveho, (as Trado, Trajicio,) traho; transvectum, 
travectum, tractum. (2) From Spdaaoo, to seize, fut. 
Sparyw, and dpcucrbs, tractus, as Acu8a, Dffida. So 
veHo is for veCHo, whence veXi, 113. 

340.] Profectus. Proficiscor from profacio ; 
facia iter pro, i. e.porrb or procul. 

342.] Ambages. Ambi ab d/xcp], as d,u$c», 
amBo: and ago, dya>. A driving round about, 
circuitus. 

Fastigium. From fastus, elevation of the mit:d, 
as Litis, Litigium. Hence anything elevated. 
Fastus (ostentatious show, says Dumesnil,) from 
(paw, 7T€(pacrrai, as <pd<r/j.a from Trecpaa-fxai : (pace, like 
(paivco, (paved, whence vTrepr](pavos, proud, (pavratria, 

ostentation Or (pdeo is (prjp-i. A talking great, 

Superbi grandia fantur, says Voss. Thus also in 
the word Grandiloquus. 

343.] Ager. For agrus, ay pis. 

344.] Dilectus. Dilego, diligo, to choose out, 
prefer; as Seligo, to select. 

345.] Intactus. Tago, tango, as Frago, Frango; 



iENEID, BOOK I. 323—354. 



31 



from rdfa, fut. rdyw, a. 2. reraywv, having laid 
hold of. 

Jugo. From jugum ; or from £Vy£ fat. of frvyw, 

346.] Omen. Ab a>/^eW, a thing seen i. e. 
in the heavens, by the road, or in dreams. (2) If 
formerly osmen, as Varro says, — then from oscen, 
oscinis, oscinimen, omen, as Inferissimus, Imus. 
Oscen, from obscano, a bird that sings by the way. 
(3) Oro, to speak : or amen, omen. Livy : Qua 
voce audita, accipere se omen exclamavit. (4) Ob- 
jicio, objicimen, obmen, omen. 

Germ anus. As yvovios from yevvda>, yvdw, "haou, 
and Genuinus from Geno, Genui, so germino, or 
germen, inis, germinanus, like Arcanus, Sylvanus ; or 
geno, genimen, genimanus, genmanus, and (as geNmen, 
geRmen,) germanus. Of the true stock. (2) Isaac 
Voss : ' Vepfj.r]vr], <rvvr}6eia, Arcadio.' 

347.] Scelus. From (r/ce'AAo, c/ceAw, to parch ; 
hence to warp ; as from perf. eaicoAa is (TKoAibs, 
twisting, crooked, unfair. Hence scelus is a warped, 
perverse state of mind. Thus Pravus is crooked 
and depraved. 

349.] Aurum. Riddle: ' From 'alpov, an old 
Greek word.' Liddell : ' AZpov, Lat. aurum, gold.' 
Stephens 2476 : ' Avpov, aurum. Dosiades : Avpov 
irXivBois : whence 8rn<ravpbs, Festus.' And avpiov, 
the morrow, is deduced by many from the golden 
color of the morning; and dyxavpov, the dawn. 
Certainly there was an old word aw, to Shine, 
whence dartip and aarpov ; and hence avca, to shine, 
whence avyr], splendor, and this abpov. ' So the 
classical writers describe gold by its brightness. 
Pindar xP vo ~bs aldofxtvov irvp. Virgil fulvum, Ovid 
micans, Apuleius coruscans, Claudian rutilum : ' 
Becm. 

Cmcus. Hesychius has vkkos, an eye : See on 
vs. 89. Hence is Zokkos, as Sophocles has dv6/j.- 
fiaros. And transposed, (as 'Apiraw, Rapio; "Io-kco, 
Scio ; "Oina6\ Post) itdo/cos, and cacus, as 7ron?TAO, 
poetJE. 

350.] Clam. For K\4fM[x i. e. Kara /cAe'^a, by 
stealth. As (pAEyfia, ^AE^/m, flAmma. (2) If, 
according to Festus, it was first calim, then from 
KaXv/ifxa from KaXvirrco, in the sense of K\4fifia. 

Incautus. Cautus from caveo, cavitum, cautum : 
Qui sibi cavet. Now x^frs to recoil, retire, was 
from obs. x" 6 "* whence also x aecu > X a ^ w » caVeo, 
as ae'o), aVeo, 363; <pa4(a, faVeo, 735; iraiu), ira'too, 
paVio. (2) Fancifully supposed by some to refer 
to primitive times when men retired into (caveas~) 
caves and dens to avoid attack. 

351.] Diu. By day, from dies, whence Inter- 
diu. Also, all the day, or during many a day, for 
a long time. 

Celo. From xv^s, a chest, whence a word 
X'qAfta, <S, to hide in a chest, as Arcanus from Area. 



(2) KAeto), to shut; transp. Ke[\oa, (as irKev/xau, 
TrevA/xcav, Pulmo,) and celo, as AEIos, lEvis. 

352.] Vanus. From (pdvbs, taken in the sense 
of apparent or showy, unsubstantial. So Dumesnil 
explains vanus : « That has only an outside appear- 
ance.' V, as $dr7)s, Vates. 

Ludo. As the D is added in truDo 145, clauDo 
140, in proDest, proDeunt, biDens, &c. so in luDo 
from \vw, to relax (myself) into ease or play, as 
Jacto, to boast, is Jacto me, as in Virgil: Se jac- 
tet in aula. Thus Avanraly/xwu is relaxing into 
sport. (2) From the (AuSot) Lydians who are 
said to have introduced their pastimes among the 
Romans. 

353.] Somnus. The way is cleared by the 
fact that Aulus Gellius recognises sopnus, which 
(as 'Tirep became Super, and vTKrbs nOctis,) is 
from vttvos. Thus suPremus, suPmus, suMmus. 
(2) From sopio, soplnus, like Rubinus. (3) From 
supinus. 

Inhumatus. Humatus is, in humo positus. Ci- 
cero : Corporibus humo tectis, ex quo dictum est 
humari. 

Imago. Imitor, imitago, like Vorago ; then 
imago. And, as puMilus for puGMilus, stiMulus 
for stiGMulus ; so imitor from a verb zlyixar6onai, 
ovfxai, from dypa, dy/xaros, an image. I, as fiaxAva, 
machlna. 

354.] Modus. Scaliger : ' M6<5os from jue'fow, 
fx4/j.oSa, to rule.' A rule, measure: whence also 

fAtSLfjLVOS. 

Pallidus. Palleo from ireWbs, ash-coloured, 
grey, livid. Donnegan explains 7reAicuVw, ' to render 
whitish, pale or livid.' A, as m Agnus for mEgnus, 
flAmma from (p\Ey/j.a. (2) To be of the color of 
(irrjXbs, M. iraKos,) clay. The double L, as meL- 
Lis from /ue'Ai, and as Tollo 66. (3) To be in face 
as one (iraAAoi' 0o'ga>, Sophocles,) shaking with 
fear. (4) From Tro\ibs, says Ainsworth. 

Mirus. Mir or is from fieipo/xat, to be dis- 
tracted, i. e. by wonder and amazement. Thus 
Ovid, though in a different sense : Dividor haud 
aliter quam si mea membra relinquam : 'lam dis- 
tracted, torn asunder in mind.' And Virgil : Ani- 
mum nunc hue celerem, nunc dividit illuc. Al- 
lied is /xepi/xva, thoughtful anxiety by which the 
mind is distracted, and fiepixripife, to be in a state of 
distraction as to which of two ways to take. Mepf- 
C*<-v, says Hemsterhuis, is said of divided and dis- 
tracted thoughts. But in miror, as is already stated, 
the thoughts are distracted as being confounded with 
amazement. Indeed /xep/xepa Zpya in Homer would 
be well translated ' mira opera,' though the Trans- 
lators apply to them other senses. And Wright 
in his Lexicon well gives to this adjective the 
meanings of ' stupendous or overwhelming.' And 
thus Dr. Jones in his Lexicon : ' Me'p^epos, stu- 



32 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



pendous, splendid, surprising, dazzling Damra 
derives it from jxipos, and so Timanis : 6 Sia irav- 
ovpyiau (ppovrlda tio\v if.nroiaiv. Ruhnken renders 
it difficilis, morosus. But the origin of the word is 
fxaipa}, to shine, connate with fxapixaipw : hence Lat. 
miror, I wonder.' Though it is not very clear 
whether he refers miror to /xep^pos or to /xaipw, 
like airAlpoo, splro. Rather from /j.ep/j.aipco, (/xalpw,) 
* curiose cogito : ' Steph. — Scheid accounts for 
nw'us from /u.e£po>, as ' sejunctus, separatus i. e. a 
cognitione nostra.' 

354.] Trajicio. Transjacio, as Trado. 
357.] Celero. Celer 187. 
Suadeo. From 'aavddoo, iaavdaw, to speak to, 
like irapajxvQiofxai, to advise. Hence 'cvaddw, much 
as ox^os became oAxo?, Vulgus ; and suadeo, as 
/xaSAH, madEO. (2) From suavis, saavidus, (like 
Gelu, Gelidus,) suavideo, suadeo, like Aveo, Avidus, 
Avideo, Audeo ; Gavio, Gavidus, Gavideo, Gaudeo. 
To speak sweetly to. (3) Riddle: 'For a5e«, 
avSavw, to please.' Soft for sadeo. 

358.] Auxilium. Ab augeo, auxi : Quo quis 
auget nos, furnishes us with means. Like Consi- 
lium, Exilium. But the termination in those is 
accounted for ; not so in auxilium. Like our word 
Corn-chandler, improper!} 7 formed from Tallow- 
chandler, from Candela, Candle. 

Recludo. From claudo, as Causa, Excuso. 
359.] Thesaurus. &rja-avp6s. 
Ignotus. See Ignobilis 149. 
Argentum. From gen- apyriuros, white. 
Poxdus. From pendo, to hang in scales, weigh. 
A weight, i. e. weigh'd. O, as pEdo, pOdex. 

361.] Odium. From odi ab wQcS, to repel. 
Horace : Odi profanum vulgus et arceo. So orDo 
from 6p®6s, Deus from 0eos. (2) Others refer 
Sdium to oSuw, whence odvaao/xai. to be grieved or 
wroth at. 

Tvrannus. Tvpavuos. 

363.] Avarus. From aveo, which from aico, 
aFex, to pant after, seek. Hesychius : "Aei ■ £-firei. 
So vca, v€(a, uVeo ; caVeo 350. ; faVeo 735. Thus 
Is. Voss well derives a Vena from arjva, sterile trees, 
in Hesychius. 

364.] Fcemina, Femina. From the obs. feo, 
which see on Fetus 51., Felix 330. 
Factum. Facio 58. 

367.] Mercor, and Merx, Mercis, and 
Merces. From mereor, to earn, gain. Merx, by 
which one gains. Merces, one's gain or pay. Me- 
reo, merico, merco, as Faber, Fabrico. 

Solum. The solid ground, from o\ov, whole, as 
'OA/ebs, Sulcus : whence also is solidum, like Vivum, 
Vividum. Hence a foundation in general. Servius 
observes that the solum of a ship is the sea, the 
solum of birds is the air. 

Byrsa. Bvpo-a. I 



368-] Taurinus. Xavpos, taurus. 
370.] Iter. From eo, Hum, whence aditus, ex- 
itus : or from fobs, passable. 

371.] Suspiro. Sub, from under, like Sus- 
picio. Spiro from airaipw, as eAAIa, ollva. 

372.] Pergo. For perrego, to stretch out straight 
along. See Surgo 206. 

373.] Vaco. To be empty or void. As Nitor 
is transposed from Teivofiat, and Forma from Mop<pa, 
and Num from Mwv ; so x«^ (whence xo-ivw, as 
Paw, &aivco,) or x«^ (as ois, oFis, oVis ; wou, wFov, 
oVum ; $i<2, &iF<2, viVo ;) transposed Fdx<», is vaco. 
Or rather from a form x aew J X a ^» whence xvpos, 
Xnpo.ix6s, a hole ; &c. 

Annales. Ab annus. The records of each year. 
Annalis, as Dialis. 

374.] Vesper. Ab eWe/>os, as kviripa, Vespera; 
karia, Vesta. 

Olympus. "OXvfx-rros. 
378.] Sum. See on Sunt 71. 
Pius. See on Pietas 10. 

Hos^is. It meant originally a foreigner, some- 
times regarded in the barbarous times with feelings 
of antipathy, and it therefore meant also an enemy. 
From oans, whoever he is, whatever his name. 
Euripides, Hel. 314.: rbv e\e6vtf "OSTIS earlv 6 
EENOS. So Bacch. 246. Virgil : Egredere, o qui- 
cuxque es : Quisquis es ... Tyriam qui adveneris 
urbem. So, tho' with dirferent'feelings, ' of a God, 
when in doubt about his name, they used to say 
lest they should mistake, Quisquis es : ' Adam's 
Rom. Antiq. (2) From uxtttis, from a>9u>, whence 
a)6i(ofj.ai, 'to struggle, to be in hot dispute, Lat. 
altercor : ' Lidd. So wBhthos \6ya>v is ' a struggle 
of words, hot debate.' (3) From warbs, one pushed 
or forced back. 

381.] Dexi. For deceni, as Seni, Septeni ; from 
decern, from 5e/ca, as kirrh, septE M. 

383.] Convulsus. Velio for vertillo from verto, 
as Scribo, Scribillo. Horace : Bacchae valentes 
vertere fraxinos. So vertere terram is to turn up. 
(2) From vexo, vexillo. (3) From eAAw, feAAw, 
like €iAAa>, to turn, whirl. (4) From eA/cw, velco, 
as 'Ecnrepa, Vespera ; and vello, as 6oTa becomes 
osSa. (5) Riddle from tiAAoj, M. tt'iKao}. (6) 
Ainsworth from '<pe\w, a<pe\<2, to remove. V, as 
$aT7js, Vates ; and L doubled, as in Mellis. 

384.] Egeo. Aristophanes has robs ovk exovras. 
I suppose a word aex««>, like ovk ex&>, much like 
ariw. Then, as Temero is from adepepos 143, and 
Mcereo perhaps from a/j.oipew 197 ; so from dexew 
is echeo or egeo, as Xuttol, Gutta. Thus Dumesnil, 
without reference to derivation, explains egeo ' not 
to have.' (2) From a word eyxdv, iyx aiV(a , like 
Xaiuw, to look greedily after, Lat. inhio. Thus 
madEO from yuoSAn ; and the r dropt, as in puMi- 
lus for puGMilus. 



Desertus. Desero is opposed to sero, to join to: 
i. e. it means to disjoin oneself from, to forsake. 

Peragro. To wander per agros. 

385.] Pulsus. Pello, pepuli, pulsum. So Velio, 
Vulsum. 

Queror. From Kepov/xai fut. of Keipw, to cut off 
one's hair i.e. in grief. As oAo^upo^at from 6k6tttco, 
oho'pa, and afxcpiSpvcprjS from oplnrrw. The cutting 
off the hair at funerals was a common practice. 
See Bp. Monk on Hippol. 102. (2) Haigh : ' From 
KTtpos, a funeral : taking away T.' And that for 
softness, as TrTewa, penna. (3) Cut down from 
Kivvpojxai to icipofiai, whence quJEror, as Equus from 
the JEolic" Ik kos. 

387.] QuiSQUis. Quis quis, ' who who,' as '6<tos, 
i. e. hs os. So Quotquot, Ubiubi, Utut, Undeunde. 
The French reduplicate in Bonbon. 

388.] Vitalis. Vita from vivo, vivitum, as 
Voveo, Vovitum, Votum. 

Carpo. Properly, to pluck fruit, from nap-now, <£, 
* midd. to reap the fruits of,' Lidd. : ' to gather 
fruits or crops,' Donnegan. (2) James Bailey from 
apirw, apirdfa • See on vs. 208. (3) Riddle : ' From 
Kelpoo, /cap0a>.' Say Ktipo), KapQ, Kapizrw, a. 2. %K.ap- 
irov, fut. 2. ic apirw. 

389.] Modo. Modus expresses a measure and 
limit : 354. Modo, says Hand, is for in or cum 
modo. 

Limen. As AfytV, a harbor, and \i[xvr\, a lake, 
are from Xiw, \4\ifiai, whence Mo-abs, smooth ; 
Aio-Tpov, a roller ; (lio,) livi ; and the root of Ae?os, 
smooth, and Aeioco, to smooth : so limen from AeAi- 
fxhov or Xeiw/x^vov, as Nomen, Numen, &c. Sal- 
masius observes that no part of a house is more 
worn and smoothed than the threshold. (2) From 
limns, transverse. Forcellini : ' Lignum aut lapis 
transversus in januaY (3) Metaphorically from 
Aj/i?jj/. ? 

391.] Nuncio. Scaliger says: ' Nuncius is 
plainly a Syracusan word. As from hvbs is obynia, 
uncia, an ounce ; so from vhs is vovyicios, nuncius.'' 
(2) For nucius, as in taNgo, deNsus, &c. Con- 
tracted from noviscius, qui nova scit, or, per quern 
nova scias. — Or from a word veovxos, who has 
news. 

392.] Frustra. Like frustum vs. 211, broken, 
disappointed. (2) From fraudo, of the third con- 
jugation, as is shown by Frausus. So Rado, Ras- 
trum. Properly, when we are cheated of our 
wishes. 

Augurium. Augur for avigur : One who ob- 
serves, quo modo aves se gerant. Like Auspex, 
3. 20. 

393.] Aspicio. Adspecio 34. 

Seni. From sex. See Deni 381. 

Cygnus. Kvkvos. 

394.] Lapsus. Labor, labsum 147. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 354-405. 33 

From irXaica accus. of 7rAa£, a plane sur- 



Plaga. 

face. 

Ales. From ala 301. 

395.] Turbo. From turba 191. 

Ordo. From dpQbs, straight, as 0ea, Dea : allied 
to 6p/j.a6bs, a row, and 6p%os, a row. — Indeed some 
derive ordo from opx°s, as KaAXa, iE. /caA0a, caltha. 

398.] Coztus. For coitus, from coeo, co'itum. As 
•7tOIj/7?, pGTma. 

Cantus. From cano, cantum, 1. 

399.] Aliter. From alis for alius, 213. 

Pubes. From (poiQi), hair, occurring in the 
Etymol. Magn. As QOlviiceos is PUniceus. Or 
rather from (poi§r]€Ls, (poi§r]s, as apyrjeLs, apyh,s. (2) 
From tr6is JEol. of irais, a boy. Bes, as Pes in 
Csespes : poibes, pubes. Ad pueros pertinens. But 
it rather belongs to a later period of life. 

400.] Plenus. From the old pleo 215. Much 
as Beo, Benus, Bonus. Or ir\ios, pleNus, as ados, 
saNus. — Others from nrXiip-qs, whence p'erus, plenus, 
as SwPov, do Num. 

401.] Dirigo. Di, rego 153. 

Gressus. Gradior, grassum 172. 

402 ] Roseus. Rosa, contracted from potiovaaa, 
pertaining to roses. As Pin us from TliTv'ivos. 

Cervix. From icipas, 'any projection or eleva- 
tion, e. g. a mountain peak.' Lidd. Hence the 
elevation of the neck above the body, as conversely 
\6(pos, the back of the neck, is also a ridge, the 
brow of a hill ; and Setp^, the neck, is also the ridge 
of a hill. From Ktpas is cerix, as Cornix, Matrix, 
Apex ; and cerVix, as Kepcos, cerVus; ilAa, sylVa. 
(2) As Cado, Cadivus, so gero, gerivus, (as in In- 
tergerivus,) gervus, whence gervix, for softness 
cervix, as Twpurbs, Corytus. Forcellini explains 
cervix as that in which are the joints and nerves 
sustaining the body and moving it. 

Refulgeo. *Ab|, (pAoybs, a flame, whence 
(p\oy4co, (poXyzw, fulgeo. 

403.] Ambrosius. 'Ay-Spoaios. 

Divinus. From divus 46. As Rubinus. 

Odor. From 6fa, woov, uSov. 

404.] Pes, Pedis. From ttovs, iroSbs, as 7OW, 
gEnu. Or from an old form ires, ireb'bs, whence 
7re'S7j, irediXov. (Steph. 7907.) 

Vestis. From iad^s, Fia6i]s, as Vetus from eros, 
and laTeo from Aa0<?V — Or at once from earo or 
earai passive of ei/vvfxi, to put on. 

405.] Verus. Haigh says: 'Connected well 
together, from Feipw, to knit.' And Scheid ex- 
plains it ' sertus, consertus, nexus.' E, as AEIo?, 
levis. (2) As from rp4co, is rpeepbs, rpripos, 
whence rprjpwu, a dove ; so from ea>, to be, couid 
be in olden time eepbs, -f\pos, Frjpos, allied (through 
perf. pass, erai) to eVebs, ervfios, true, i. e. which is 
the case ; and to fvTcas, really, from &>v. ovtos. Much 
in the same way are our Worth and Worthy from 



34 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



the old Worth, to be, as in Woe worth thee, Woe 
be to thee. (3) Perott from vc and res. Not in 
word, but in very deed. (4) Home Tooke, though 
usually fond of deducing Latin from the North, 
brings verus from ve, reor : ' Much thought of, 
strongly impressed.' 

407.] Natus. See Nata 256. 

Toties. From tot, as Quoties, Centies. 

Falsus. Fallo from a(pd\Aa>, to upset, upset the 
hopes, disappoint. 

408.] Cur. For quare, qur. 

409.] Reddo. For retdo, retro do. See on 
vs. 26. 

410.] Incuso. From causa: To allege pleas 
against. So Accuso, Recuso. And Claudo, In- 
cludo. 

411.] Obscurus- From the obs. root okvw. to 
darken, ' whence,' says Bp. Blomfield, ' were otcvfa, 
aKvdw, aKudpos,' So also cKvhixaivca. Donnegan 
has: "2,nvpos, a wood or woody place, in Tabul. 
Heracl. p. 232.' (2) From t-KKTKiepos. As some 
derive ob from eV : and as both Hbens and lUbens 
are said. (3) From obs, cura. From difficult 
matters, which impede one's careful investigation. 

S.EPIO, Sepio. To hedge in with a high wall or 
fence, from alirvs, high, whence scepes, sepe.s. S 
prefixed, as in Salt us, Saxum. (2) Sepes from 
(XTjirbs Mo\. of (77)Kbs, an inclosure, as luPus from 
A'JKos. ES, as o-TuirOS, stipES. But the M is in 
this way unexplained. 

412.] Nebula. Ne</>eAa, as dpfyw, amBo ; and 
o-kwEAos, scopUlus. 

Amictus. Amicio, amicitum, amictum. For am- 
jicio, from a*<pi. So Porricio for Porro-jacio. 

413.] Neu. For neve, neue. See on Seu 218. 

414.] Molior. To stir or effect anything 
(mole) with pains or difficulty. As vs. 33 : Tantae 
molls erat Romanam condere gentem. — Or to raise 
(moleni) a bulky weight. 

Mora. From fidpw, fj.4p.opa, as Tempus from 
viftpce. Separation, interval, space, pause, stop. 
Valerius : Moras spatiumque. (2) Soft for mSna, 
fiova, delay, as Thucyd. /jlov^v TroielaOai. Thus N 
gave way to R in cRepus, cReperus from KNecpas, 
and some derive diRus from SeiNos. 

PoSCO. As yvpdw, yqpdaKca, so fiodca, floaaKto, 
P'Jxtkoo, to call out to or for. Euripides, j3o<£ irvp. 
So j8a>o"77>eo> is to call out. Bosco, for softness posco. 
(2) From (pdcncca, as Porto from &opTu>; and lAncea 
from XOyxn- 

415.] Reviso. Video, visum, viso. 

416.] Templum. A space divided off and 
marked out, as Te'/xepos. Both from Te/xvco, re/xoo. 
Temulum, temlutn, templum, as P perhaps in exem- 
Plum 11. 758, and B in aipteXov, fj.eavp.Bpia. Thus 
Contemplor is to look about a space marked off. 

417.] Thus. &vos. 



Caleo. From ttdXeos, burning, as Homer, irvp\ 
KTjKecp. Thus KpHiriba, crepido ; (pfjpa, fera; dElfxbp, 
timor. (2) From x«^»^. as /uaSAH, madEO. Bee- 
man : Calor rarefacit et laxat. Virgil : Calor ille 
vias et caeca relaxat Spiramenta. (3) C prefixed 
to aAe'a, the heat of the sun. See on Cura 208. 

Sertum. Sero, sertum, to wreathe, 254. 

Recens, Recentis. The form, says Maittaire, 
of the Latin C and the Greek Q is the same. And 
this identity may perhaps be applied to the case 
before us. Hesychius explains epa-has by vtapos, 
the Greek term by which Forcellini explains recens. 
'EpcrijevTOS, iparjvTos (like apyrjiuros, apyrjvTOs,) 
being transposed as Rapio from 'Apiraw and Scio 
from v I(Tkw, becomes resentis, or, with the writing 
above mentioned, recentis. (2) As this, however, 
is novel, recentis is better taken as soft for recendis, 
(as sponTe from a-rrovAfj, aTque for aDque) from 
recando. Fresh furbished and renewed. Or as 
shortened from recendens, recendentis. 

Halo. As clades from KAaSos, so halo from x«- 
\dw, x<**-<^ relaxo, remitto. Virgil : Et bibit hu- 
morem et cum vult ex se ipsa remittit. H, as 
Xopros, Hortus. (2) Or, (as Haurio from 'ApJw 
Haud from OjS',) from aw, arjfju, to breathe. L 
inserted, as in feLix 330, fiLius 325. 

418.] Semita. From semi, rjfxi — , half, as *E£, 
Sex ; and eo, itum, as in Comitis ; or simply from 
semi, or semis, rjfjaav, as Navis, Navita. That is, a 
lane, by-path, half a path, 'via minoris spatii,' 
Becm. Like Angiportus. Martial: Jussistitenues, 
Germanice, crescere vicos ; Et modo quae fuerat 
semita, facta via est. 

419 ] Collis. As ooTrt became osSa, and vro- 
AuAeu/crjs, TroAAtvKys, polLucis, SO koXuvos, colNis, 
colLis. Is, as GfxSpos, imbrlS. (2) But as \6<pos 
and deip^ are not only the neck, but a ridge or hill, 
collis can well be deduced from collum. See Cervix 
402. 

421.] *Magalia. As these are the cottages 
of the Africans, it is an African word. Servius 
states that magar was a Punic word for a villa ; and 
the Hebr. magur is a habitation, with which some 
identify Gr. fisyapov. ' Mapalia,' a Numidian word, 
exists in a kindred sense Georg. 3. 340. 

Quondam. For quumdam, formed like Quidam. 
Quum is for aliquum, answering to aliquando. 

422.] Strepitus. Strepo from arp4cpco. From 
the noise of a door turning on its hinges. Thus 
o-Tp6(pty£ is a pivot or hinge Virgil : Foribus 
cardo stridebat ahenis. P as iropQupa, purPura. 
(2) Forcellini says from the sound.? 

Strata. From obs. strao, arpda, whence strain 
and arpoLTos, a camp, and allied to arpSw, mpuv- 
vvfxi, and (Tropica, arpeco. 

Murus. See on Moenia vs. 7. (2) From p.vu>, 
to close, but the old form was mCErus. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 407—432. 



35 



423.] Ardeo. Aridus, arideo, ardeo, as Avidus, 
Avideo, Audeo. Thus Caldus for Calidus. 

425.] Apto. "A7rTco, to fasten, fasten or fix 
upon. H dropt, as in Ansa, Ulcus. 

Tectum. Tego, tegtum 275. 

Sulcus. Ab b\Kbs, as 'Vnep, Super; and as 
"OyKos, Uncus. 

426.] Magistratus. From magister 115. 

Sanctus. From sancio, sanctum. For socio (as 
fraNgo, taNgo, ^uaNflcbw.) from ayiw fut. of ayifa, 
to make sacred or inviolable, establish on sacred 
grounds. S as in Sacer from dyos. 

Senatus. From senex, as composed of elders : 
Gr. irpe<j§uT4piov. Ovid : Nomen et iETATis mite 
Senates habet. Eutropius: Centum ex senioribus 
elegit quos senatores nominavit propter seneetutem. 

427.] Effodio. As not only fiadvs and Padvvca 
existed, but also &69pos and $6dvvos, we may sup- 
pose a word &odva) whence fodio, much as Fido 
from Yielded : F, plainer in Fascino from Bacricauaj. 
BoOpos is a hole dug in the ground ; hence fiodvw 
answers in sense also to fodio. (2) From a word 
(pvrifa, <pvTi&, to plant, and so to pierce the ground. 
So fOlium from QTAAov, and vaDum from /3aToV. 
(3) "Odiafxa, a passage, is from 68ifa, fut. 65i<£, 
Fotiiw, fodio, much as "Eairipa, Vespera. To make 
a passage in the ground. 

Theatrum. Searpov. 

428.] Fundamentum. Fundo from fundus 58. 

Columna. From cohwien; and both from co- 
lumis, whole, sound. As Cum or Com (with,) is 
from 6/x-, and Ceterus from "Erepos, and as indeed 
in general C is thought to be prefixed to words as 
on vs. 208, — so columis is from oAo?, whole, i. e. 
sound, solid, firm : — and that by a termination as 
in Foveo, Fovimes, Fomes ; Alo, Alimus, Almus. 
Or at once from a word oXijxos or o\v/j.os, whole, 
like fidx^os or ctv/ulos. — Riddle understands colu- 
mis as ' maimed,' from koXovco, to maim, and inco- 
lumis to mean unhurt, but this is unsupported by 
others. — Forcellini compares columen with culmen, 
and both words can come from k6Ao/j.os JEol. of 
KaKajxos, culmus. Thus he explains culmen the 
thatched roof of a house. Haigh, however, deduces 
columen and culmen from KaXv/x/xa or KaKv^ia, IE. 
K6\vfxn, a covering. Columen was also the prin- 
cipal beam extending along the roof of a house, 
and on which all the parts of the house depend, and 
hence columna so meant at first according to Vitru- 
vius and Festus ; and they were afterwards applied 
to any prop or support. This sense points particu- 
larly to the derivation from oXvpios. 

429.] ExciDO. Cado from Kea£>, e/ceaSoi', Kea- 
Sc'w, as x<*&, exaSou, xaSew ; — then Kea8a>, KaeSco, 
ccedo. — Or «€<*£&>, KedaSco, as o(os, IE. vaSos ; then 
KaetrSoj, ccesdo, ccedo. (2) From Kaiu, the root of 
Kdivw : c&o, cceDo, as clauDo, truDo, biDens, pro- 



Dest. Or even from -rralu, assuming the form of 
Kaia), as k6ctos of irStros. 

Decus. That which (decet) is becoming. Ae^- 
<rei and iSewae point to See&>, deCeo, as cireos, 
speCus. 

430.] Apis. From airrca, to join ; and, as Cupio 
from Ku7r7Gi>, through apio, whence apex, apiscor. 
More nearly, through a<^r?, a fastening, or an obso- 
lete a. 2. TfiTov, fut. ana), as eTvirov, rvnoo from tvttto}. 
Virgil of bees : Pedibus connexse ad limina pen- 
dent : Pedibus per mutua nexis. See on Examen 
7. 67. (2) From ftcpis, as Anacreon : "Ocpis jx 
eru^e /xiKp6s. As lAvo from XOvw ■ Pe.nus from 
'(peuos. 

Floreus. Flos from 4>A&£, a flame, as trabS is 
for trabX, rpdcpris,. $A&| is translated Jlos in An- 
thol. 8. 233 by Schatfer in Steph. 10132. And 
what is called by Euripides <p\b% oXvov is called by 
Ennius Jlos vini, and the poets call the stars fiores. 
Flos can mean properly anything scintillating or 
effulgent, (which word itself is from (pXoyeca, 
(poXyew,) and be said particularly of the bright 
color of flowers. As scintillating like a flame, says 
Voss : and Perott, Quia emicat ut flamma. Or, as 
Liddell explains $A6| olvov of the fiery strength of 
wine, Jlos might mean properly the chief excellence 
or distinguishing quality of anything. (2) As Dos 
and Aks from A<£, so Jlos from Jlo. Ab effiatu 
odorum, says Scheid. Thus Cicero: Odorum qui 
afflantur e Jloribus. And the French, Vos tu- 
lipes sont elles Jleuries, is Are your tulips blown? 
(3) Ovid says : ' Chloris eram quae Flora vocor ; 
corrupta Latino Nominis est nostri litera Grseca 
sono : ' referring to x Xw P^ s > fresh, blooming ; whence 
could bejloris or Jlos, according to Bailey's deriva- 
tion of Fel on Fames 216. — And, as we are led on 
from one thing to another, we might imagine, that, 
as Flo is from Tlv£>, so from x v °v s > down, bloom, 
might be <pvovs, Jlos. 

Rus, Ruris. Hura, says Voss, from &povpa, 
'povpa, as /j.OT<ra, mUsa. So Mulgeo from ap.ohytu>. 
"Apoupa. is arable land, and apoapaios is rustic. — Or 
from 'povpas was ruris, as from AaAs was lapis, 
from icrdHs vestls. 

431.] Exerceo. From a word t^pyeco, from 
hyov. to work, ply, exercise, set to work, &c 
Thus i^pyd^ouai is to work. C, as /i/clYo, misCeo 
(2) From arceo, like Coerceo. To confine and cir« 
cumscribe by laborious occupation. 

Adultus. Oleo, olitem, o/tem, to grow. See on 
Proles 75. 

432.] Fetus. See on vs. 51. 

Liqueo, Liquor. From kty, \i§bs, XiSbp, any 
liquid poured forth : hence lipor, as KavooBos, 
canoPus, and liquor, as frillos is the JEolic t'Kos, 
eQUus. From Xi€bs, \l§s, could be also lix, licis, 
water, as Nivis, Nivs, NiX: Vivo, Vivsi, ViXi. 

D 2 



36 



YIKGILIAN HOURS. 



(2~) From XiKop yEol. of Anros, oil, as Aei'rTw, HnQUo. 
(3) Haigh : * Liqueo from Ai for xiav, and x e& >> to 
pour.' 

Mel. m4\i. 

433] Stipo. To cram, from arel^w, to tread 
or stamp with the feet, or arixpca, to make firm. P 
for B : see on Liqueo above. P for $, as &fji<Pci>, 
amBo. (2) Dumesnil from arvirr). To stuff with 
tow. 

Nectar. NeVrap. 

Cella. Tins verse gives much weight to the 
opinion of Riddle : ' For cerula from cent, as Pue- 
rula, Puella. A cell in a honey-comb.' So Sella 
from Sedes, Sedula. (2) As Pateo, Patera; so 
celo, celera, cella, as 6aTa, osSa. (3) From xv^s, 
a chest ; celula, cella. As Se'Koficu and o4Xo/xai were 
both used, and as lanCea from K6yXrj. 

435.] Ignavus. In, not ; gnavus, as Tgnosco is 
In-gnosco. Gnavus from ysvvaios, yvaios, yvqos, 
yvaFos. Properly, suitable to one's high birth, and 
thus not languid and effeminate, but active and 
strenuous. Stephens explains yewaios ' strenuus.' 
(2) Littleton from yovcuos, Hesych. avSpe?os. 

Fucus. From <pvnos, a paint or dye to give a 
red hue. Hence a drone, the mere imitation of 
a bee. 

Pectjs. From it4kos, a fleece, (Ovid : lanigerum 
pecus,) or rather -nino), to shear. 

Pr.esepe. From sepes 411. 

436.] Ferveo. As ©??/>, $hp, so &epea, <pep4w, 
<pepF4cc, as vka, vXFa, sylVa. 

Opus. Ab eVco, oira, to be occupied about. The 
Aspirate dropt, as in Haurio. Indeed some write 
the Greek with the soft. 

Redoleo. Red for ret, retro ; and uleo for Gdeo 
which like odor 403. D, as oAvaaevs, uLysses, &c. 
Festus states that for olfacit was said odefacit. 

Thymus. Gv/jlos. 

Fragro. As Serus is from o^phs, so fragro 
from a verb oatppdrro/xaL like bacppaivofxai ; perf. 
bacppaya, whence fragro as from <p\ayS> is Flagro. 
(2) From frago, frango. As properly said of the 
smell of pounded spices. (3) From fraga, straw- 
berries. 

437.] Fortunatus. From fortuna 240. Having 
good fortune. 

441.] Lucus. From \vyi), darkness, gloom, as 
paCiscor for paGiscor, misCeo from fiiaY4u>. (2) 
From luceo. From the glare of torches in the 
sacred groves. (3) Ainsworth from ' A^x *, sylva, 
whence Adx£«?> lucus.' Aovxos, like vovaos. 

443.] Regius. From rex, regis. 

445.] Egregius. Selected e grege, from the 
flock. And grex from Kpdlu fut. of Kpdfa, to voci- 
ferate. So some read in Plautus, Cave ne graxis, 
and in Lucretius prograxe or procraxe. E, as 
grAssus, grEssus. (2) From ayeipca, tfyepica, 



^7pe/cct, 'ypiKa, as Remus from 'per^hs, and Gla- 
dius from KAaoos. 

Faciets. From facio. Easy to be done. As 
Habeo, Habilis. 

447.] Donum. Soft for dontm, 5%w. Or 
from do. 

Opulentus. From opes 14, like Violentus, 
Macilentus. 

Nexus. Necto, says Haighj ' from avdirrw, 
Vct7TTw, M. Va/cTw.' As gr Adior, grEssus ; irAa- 
aa\os, pEssulus : A omitted, as Rura from "Apovpa. 
(2) As Plecto from TrAyjaaca, ireTrArjKTat ; we can 
suppose from v4co, to spin, a verb vfiaata, or vyx^, 
vkvt)KTai, as from vita to swim is vvx 00 - Voss : 
' Necto is properly to join together by spinning ; 
generally, to join and bind together by any tie.' 

448.] iEREUS. Ab ces, ceris, 448. 

449.] Trabs. Tpd(p7j| is explained by Hesy- 
chius xapa£, <tk6\o^, and by others, he says, to 
S6pv. It occurs in Lycophr. 641. 1001. Tpdwn£ 
also is a spear in Hesychius, and Tponrj^ the handle 
of an oar. Hence is trabs ; S for X, as vulpeS from 
aAw7T7jH. B, as &fx^a}, amBo ; and see on Plebs 9. 
343. 

Fores. From $i>pa, M. <pvpa, as Gyp, <Hp ; 
IxtKa, mOla. (2) From iropos, a passage : as Uvv- 
8a|, Fundus. 

Cardo. As oxAos, transp. oAxos, Vulgus ; so 
KpaSSiv, Kap%S>v, cardo, moving to and fro, swinging. 
Virgil : Portam converso cardine torquet. (2) 
Or from Kpar&u, ' tenens, apprehendens,' (as Dacier 
explains the verb on ' Crates,') having power over, 
keeping in its place. D, as menTior, menTax, 
menDax. (3) Scheid from Kaipa, KCKaprai, like 
(TKaipca. Hesychius : Kapd/xo), Kivr)<reis. So Etym. 
M. : 'AffKapi^Lv, Kive?a8ai. And Kap5a/j.vrreiv, to. 
fiXecpapa Kiveiv. As moving the door. 

451.] i Lenio. Lenis from. Aetos, as ados, saNus. 
(2) From Xyvos, wool. 

Salus. From ados, safe. 

452.] Ausus. Aveo, avidus, avideo, audeo, as 
Gavio, (whence Gavisus,) Gavidus, Gavideo, 
Gaudeo ; Aviceps, Auceps. 

Afflictus. As Figo from n-fiyeo, so fiigo, 
(whence flictu 9. 667) from iv\T)y£> fut. of nX-Siaou; 
aspirated (p\r)ya>. I, as pHy/J-a, rlma ; fivp/xliKa, for- 
mica. (2) From &Aiga>, SXiyw, ^as B\4<papov, TAe- 
(papov,) iEol. (phiyu. 

Confido. See on vs. 113. 

453.] Lustro. Properly, to review the army ; 
and this was attended by a lustrum 283, or expiatory 
sacrifice. Hence to survey or go over. 

Sixgulus. From sine, without (others), as 
"Ekclcttos from 'E/cas, "Attlos from 5 A7ro. Sine, si?iicus, 
much as Unus, Unicus ; then siniculus, as Unus, 
Unulus, Ullus ; and sinculus, singulus, as ayKvAos, 
anGulus. (2) Isaac Voss: 'From fa, one; Xya; 



iENEID, BOOK I. 433—476. 
As from hbs some derive 



37 



whence tyyia, one.' 
ovynia, uncia. 

454.] Opperior. Like experior 202. To make 
trial of, hazard the chances of, meeting a person or 
finding a thing, to look out for. (2) Voss : ' Assi- 
deo parturienti, partum expecto.' 

455.] Artifex. Facciolati : ' From &pa>, &prai, 
is a word aps, dprbs, ars, artis, the method of rightly 
putting together and arranging.' 

45H.] Pugna. From pugnus, a fist; and pugnus 
is ttvkvus, i. e. the hand closed, as kvKvos, cyGnus. 
Horace : ' Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque 
ita porro Pugnabant armis. ' 

457.] Vulgo. Vulgus 149. 

458.] Ambo. *A(JL<pa}, as a/i$i-, amBi-. 

459." Quis. From t'ls, kis. See on vs. 1. 

460.] Regio. From rego. Districts being 
under the command of reguli. 

461.] En. 'Hul and fy. 

Etiam. Etjam. As Quoniam is Quonjam. 

Premium. For prce-emium, from emo to take 
216 : As Ezimius. What one receives in prefer- 
ence to others. Dumesnil : ' A due recompense 
for an honorable action, a prize of victory.' (2) 
Prcedimium, taken as a booty : or prcebeo, prcebium. 

Laus, Laudis. Home Tooke is quite in a rage 
with those who derive this word from the Greek, 
himself deducing it from l loos or los, the Anglo- 
Sax, past perf. of hlisan, to celebrate.' As for the 
Greek, Haigh derives laus, (like TXanTos, Lactis,) 
from yXaxxaa, 'Xa>aa', ' the tongue, discourse.' Some 
refer laus to Aauo» ; Aavca supposed the same as Aaa>, 
\aica, XdaKw, to speak, to speak of, and thus praise, 
as 4»4)jurj from <bdw, Ahos from obs. ala, Aio. — Now 
Cicero states that laus consists ' in aperta prsedica- 
tione,' and laudatio is a ' panegyric, laudatory ora- 
tion,' Dumesn. Panegyric itself being derived 
from Tvav-qyvpiKbs Aoyos, a speech before the assem- 
bled people. Hence laus, laudis, may be well re- 
ferred to AadbSrjs, popularis, (Steph. 5610,) i. e. 
Aawd-ns Aoyos, popularis sermo. The H changed 
into the U, as fynrAeHs into a/JurAsYs, amplUs ; 
vsClrepiG), veTrpLw, nUtrio ; efts zee or KJ7, Usque. IS, 
as TrpiorHS, pristIS ; eV0HS, vestlS. 

463.] Aliquis. Alis or alius quis. That is, 
4 hie aut alius quis.' We say Some other. 

464.] Pictura. Pingo from (peyyw, to make 
bright i. e. by lines and colors. As Seneca : Stellis 
pingitur aether. P, as $opTa>, Porto ; I, as TE77W, 
tlngo. (2 ) From irtVo|, <xkos, a board for painting 
on ; hence irivaKoco, a>, pinguo, pingo, as iyXco, un- 
GUo, unGo. (3) From the same root of ir-nya : 
To fix colors on any thing. 

Ixanis. From h'dco, to empty, in Hesychius : 
the same as the common tVeco. 

465.] Largus. Becman says, from Aavpos. 
Rather thus: As from p.dw, fU/xaa, through a form 



fxalpoo, (as ipda>, ipaipw,) perf. fu.eiJ.apKa, is fxapyos ; so 
from Acwo, through Aalpui, \4\apKa, is Xapyos, largus. 
Ada is the root of Xavu, \a€u>, Sec, and Aapyos is 
like Capax from Capio. (2) From a word Adepyos, 
causing much work. 

Humecto. Humor from x v ^P iEol. of x u M^ s » 
translated humor by Stephens. As Xopros, Hortus. 
(2) From vu), vjxai, to rain Hence could be v/x4u 
and i>ij.6s. 

Flumen. Fluo 320. So Numen. 

467.] Juventus. Juvenis 321. 

468.] Cristati S. Crista from KopucrrT], Kpuard, 
from Kopvaaw, ' to make crested, raise to a head,' 
Lidd. Hence the tuft on a bird's head, and a hel- 
met's crest. 

469.] Procul. Pro i. e. porro, irSppoo, ab oculis. 
Dumesnil : ' From prce or pro oculis. Sometimes 
it signifies a position facing or over-against, with- 
out regard to a great or small distance.' (2) From 
procello, proculi, as Facul from Facio. Said of 
things driven to a distance. 

Niveus. Nix, nivis, i. e. nivs, nivis, from perf. 
v4vi<pa whence vicpas a snowflake. So viVSi, viXi. 

Tentorium. From tendo, tentum. Having its 
awning stretched out against the sun and rain. 

470 ] Vasto. 'AI'(tt6(i), &(TT(ti, FdarS), vasto. 

(2) As Populo is to destroy (popidum) a people, 
from FdaTv might be vasto, to destroy a city. 

(3) From iravcrrbs, being made to cease ; whence 
iravaiov, cD. As IIoAeuw, Voluo, Volvo. 

472.] Castra. From Kaarpu for KaTaaTpSco, 
to strew or spread on the ground. So crrparbs is 
from obs. arpdu, strao, stravi, arpou : Properly, 
says Donnegan, a camp. Others from casa, whence 
casitra, castra. A collection of cottages. But we 
find castrum in the singular, explained by Riddle 
' a large hut ; then, in military science, a fort, re- 
doubt, entrenchment ; hence a strong hold, fortress: 
plural, several entrenchments or redoubts, lying in 
a quadrangular form : hence a camp.' Others de- 
rive castrum, a fortress surrounded with thick walls, 
from caveo, cavsum, cavstrum, castrum, as Moneo, 
Monsum, Monstrum : 'Quo quisque sibi cavet' 
Or from xdfc, /cax acrTat : ' Quo quisque se recipit 
prsesidii causa.' 

Pabulum. Pasco, pascibulum, pabulum. So 
Thuribulum. 

Gusto. From yevoo, yeyevaTai. 

Bibo. From irico, as fliG), viVo. 

474] Fugio. From <pir)&. 

475.] Impar. Par from irapd, by the side of, 
as f]fj.epav irap' 7)/j.4pav, where equality of comparison 
is intended. So -rrapdWriAos, Parallel. 

476.] H^sereo. Ab atpea>, to seize, grasp. 
Others from alpeu, aipiojxai., to select, and so to 
stick to. 

Resupinus. Supinus for subinus (as KavuBos, 

D 3 






VIRG1LIAN HOURS. 



canoPus,) f. ora sub, ' from under,' as in Suspicio, 
Suspiro. Thus adj. £wbs from £vi>, &itios from anb, 
€kcl<tto$ from ends. (2) From supus or suppus 
which last occurs in Lucilius. Dacier: ' Suppus is 
iiTTTw?, Srios, virbs, supus, suppus.' Or thus: xinrios, 
vtttos, vttttos, suppus. As the I is lost in Lat. pa- 
rens from parlo. 

4 78.] Pri.vis. The iEolians, says Voss, said 
'Oi-Tip for 'Ai'rjp, (rrpOrbs for (TTpAros. And so 
dOmo from 5A/mS, pOrrum from Trpdaov, irdpaov, 
irAppov. Thus ird\7), fine dust, became ir6xa or 
-rroXra., polra, as f/Afa, sylVa: and polvis, much as 
rurlS from poupA. (2) Becman from pulsum, 
from its lightness. ' Like the chaff which the wind 
scattereth away,' &c. And in the same view, 
Scheid from -n-oAew, verso. Much as Fulvus from 
Fulgeo for Fulsivus. 

Ixscribo. ~2Kapi<pd(a, (TKaptyco, to delineate with 
a pencil ; whence a/cp:<p<£, scribo, as &/u<I>«, aruBo. 
(2) Others from ypdcpca. But? 

480.] Crinis. From Kpit/co, to divide i. e. with 
the comb. Voss: Notat pilos discriminates. 

Passus. Pando, pansum, possum. Pando from 
(pduda as in avacpavZd ; or from (paivia, <pa.v£>, panDo, 
as reuco, tenDo. $aivoo is to make to appear, dis- 
play, and so set or throw open. P, as $opr£>, Porto; 
$cuv6kr\s, Psenula. (2) As TlTevvd, Penua ; UTepva, 
Perna; SO from irrdSriv or irrdda from Tverdvvvpn, 
could be pado and paNdo, as frago, fraNgo. 
Pepjlus. IIe7rAos. 
483.] Rapto. Rapio, raptum. 
484.] Vendo. For venum do, to give to sale. 
Liddell : ' r D.vos, a buying. Hence Lat. venum, as 
Vinum from Oivos, and Vicus from Ol/cos.' And 
w into 77, as o into e in 7OW, gEnu. Thus we have 
Venundo, and Tacitus has Posita veno. Veneo 
also is venum eo, though it has been referred to 
alvix, to speak in praise of, as it is indeed written 
also vaneo. ' Qui domum non laudarunt,' says 
Cicero of persons selling an unwholesome house in 
an honest manner. And thus an Auction from 
Augeo, Auctum. But venEo, by being conjugated 
like Eo, shows its derivation from venum eo. 
486.] Amicus. Ab amo, as Pudicus. 
487.] Ixermis. See on 2. 364. 
488.] Princeps. Principis soft for primcipis 
from prima capio. As taMquam, taNquam. 
489.] Eous. 'Ucf6s. 

Acies. Ab olk^, a point, edge, as of a sword ; 
hence an army with swords drawn. Also the 
point of vision, the eye 6 788. 

Niger. From obs. vi/|, wxbs, whence -navvvxi-os. 
Black as night. As cttTttos, stipes ; and Gero from 
Xepos. (2) Nigrus from venpos. From the color 
of death. Homer has p.4Xavos Savdroio, and Lu- 
cretius Mortis nigrore, and the Latin poets generally 
Nigra hora, niger ille dies, &c. I, as ttXEkw, pllco. 



(2) Scheid quotes Hesychius : Ni/cop • Sicupeopd. 

(3) For nubiger. 

490.] Lunatus. Luna for lucina from luceo, 
as Regina, Rapina. So from aeXas is oe\T\vT\. 
(2) From Xowi). Hesychius: Aow6v Xap.irp6v. 

Pelt a. neAxTj. (2) Hall for pelllta: as an- 
ciently covered with hides. 

491.] Mileia, Milia. Soft for miria, (as Ae£- 
Pm, liLia,) from /xvpia, ten thousand: or ixvp'i, mile, 
as antE from ami: and mille, as meLLisfrom fieAi. 
True, the number is not preserved; nor is Million 
from Mille. 

492.] Exero. Sero 254. 

Mamma. From p.dp.xa, a mother. 

495.] Stupeo. From arviros, a stock. To be 
like a stock. Terence : In me quidvis harum re- 
rum convenit, quae sunt dicta in stultum: caudex, 
stipes, asinus. 

497.] Caterva. Soft for quaterva from quater 
whence quaternus. A square. So Squadron is 
from Quadra. 

498.] Ripa. From pty, pnrbs, ace. piira, a wil- 
low-twig. As planted with osiers. Statius has 
Hipce arundineae. (2) From epeiKoo, contundo. 
Whence a "word ipeucr], ipeiKa, 'pewa, 2E. 'penra, as 
XvKos, luPus. Thus ripa will answer to o/ctt), the 
shore, from ayvvpu to break. Or from ipelnco, to 
fall, whence ipeiinov, fragments. (3) From pmy, 
impetus. From the rapidity of the current beating 
against the shore. (4) Dumesnil from peVw : ' The 
declivity of the ground bordering a river.' But ? 

Jugum. From jugo, jungo. Horace has Con- 
tinui montes. We say A chain of hills. (2) From 
jugum. Dumesnil : 'As jugum is placed on the 
head of oxen ; it figuratively signified the top of a 
mountain.' 

499.] Diana. For dia Jana, from Janus, who 
was the Sun as Jana the Moon. 

Chorus. Xopos. 

500.] Glomero. From gltimus, a clue of 
thread : from KXuxxjxa, KXwp.p.a, a thread woven. 
In Plutarch oJcTrep apxhv kXohtttjpos, Stephens ex- 
plains it ' fili ducendi vel etiam glomeris.' We have 
timor from 5EI/*op. Indeed Lucretius has the O 
long: ' glomere quantum.' (2) Globus, globimus, 
glomus, as Glubo, Glubima, Gluma. 

Oreades. 'OpeaSes. 

501.] Superemixeo. Mineo 165. 

502. ] Tacitus. From aKeu, says Riddle : and 
indeed Bailey on Forcellini states that the iEolians 
prefixed T, as in Te7rTa for 'Etttci. Yet, rather 
from a compound Kara/ceoo, Va^eo?, as TdXcucTos, 
Lactis. (2) From SdKew, to sit, i. e. to sit still. 
So crepido from KpU-rrlSa. (3) From ecrTa/ca, whence 
ear anew, arcuiea, and taceo, as 2<paAAa>, Fallo. To 
stand still. 

Gaudium. Taio}, ycuw, gaVio, gavidus, (as 



.ENEID, BOOK I. 478—538. 



3D 



Frigidus,) yavidium, yaudium. So Aveo, Avidus, 
A video, Audeo. (2 ) Others from yaupia>, to spring, 
like Exulto. So caDucensfrom koPvkgov. Kr)Pvneoi>. 

505.] Testudo. Testa for tosta from torreo, 
as vOster, v Ester: a baked tile; a shell, hard as 
a tile. A vaulted roof, bending down sideways like 
a tortoise-shell ; a wooden shell used in sieges, under 
which the besiegers worked; and a lyre, as an- 
ciently made of the shells of tortoises. 

506.] Soltum. As oLeo for oDeo 436, so 
solium for sodium from e£o>, perf. 6'5a, as 'T7rep, 
Super. (2) Or with Becman from solum, that on 
-which any thing rests, a bottom, ground : ' quia 
subjiciatur insessori.' See Servius vs. 367. (3) Ser- 
vius supposes it made for kings of one solid piece, 
from ohov, whence S.Aidum. (4) As pEdo, pOdex; 
pEndo, pOndus ; so sedeo, sedium, sodium, solium. 

507.] Lex, Legis. Home Tooke is violent 
against the derivation of this word from the Greek, 
and deduces it from ' our ancestors' past participle 
Iccy of lecgan, to lay down ; and it means something 
laid down as a rule of conduct.' Yet, as Edicts 
are from Dico, and 'P-qaeis from 'Pew, to speak, lex 
could -well flow from Ae£ts, or at least from Ae^w, 
|o>, dico, edico. Thus Barnes translates Xoyov by 
Edicti in Eur. Med. 274. And Virgil has Foederis 
sequas Dicamus leyes: Et pacis dicere leyes. 
Scheid says well : ' Rex, qui regit ; lex quas edicit.' 
(2) Ains worth wonders that no one has referred 
lex to lego, to collect ; on the ground that laws first 
brought mankind, then intractable and dispersed, 
into the social life of citizens : Referring to the 
primitive times, when men first abandoned the no- 
mad life, and when, in the words of Horace, ' de- 
hinc absistere bello, Oppida cceperunt munire et 
ponere leyes.' In this case, as Rex is short for 
Regens, and Dux for Ducens, so lex could be ley ens 
i. e. colliyens. 

508.] Justus. From jus 293. 

513.] Perculsus. Percello, percelsum, 56 ; per- 
culsum, like Velio, Convulsum. 

514.] Avidus. Aveo 363, as Areo, Aridus. 

516.] Speculor. Specio, specula, speculor. See 
on 3. 239. 

517.] LlNQUO. Aenrco, M. Aei/ccu, liquo, (as in 
JReliquus,) and UNquo, as in taNgo, liNgo. Thus 
eTIofxcu, eKo/^cu, seQUor. 

519.] Oro. Ab os, oris, quo oramus, i.e. lo- 
quimur, whence Orator, qui loquitur, and Ora- 
culum. 

Venia. That is, veniendi potestas. Cicero has 
' venia proficiscendi.' As £\evd?pos ab i\ev6o>, tfAvBov ; 
who is able to go where he will. (2) From avUu>, 
aviS), Faviw, remitto, permitto. As Venio ah 'Avvcc 
vs. 2. 

520. Coram. From con, and os, oris, as Co- 
minus, Commodus, Cogo for Co-ago, Copia from 



Coapio. Face to face, as in Numb. 14. 14. So 
Mouth to mouth Numb. 12. 8. French tete-a-tete, 
vis-a-vis. (2) From Kovpav, i.e. itara nSpav, eye to 
eye. (3) From x&pav, Lat. e regione. 

Copia. From co-opes : or co-apio i.e. conjungo : 
425. Power, or plenty. So Co-ago, Cogo; Co-apula, 
Copula. 

521.] Ccepio. As coArceo, coErceo, so coapio, 
cocpio, capio: to handle, touch, and, like airrofiat, 
to begin. (2) As Providens, Pro'idens, Prudens, so 
concipin, cot/no, coepio. 

525.] Prohibeo. Pro i. e. procul ; habeo, to 
hold. 

526.] Propius. ' Prope,' says Becman, ' pro 
pede, as Gr. npb -/toSoov. So Before the doors, Gen. 
4. 7. eVl Svpais Matth. 24. 33.' (2) But rather 
from 7rpoTl, M. irpoirl, as AiTpa, kiupa whence liBra. 
E, as avrl, antE. (3) Riddle says, from pro, and 
the affix pe. That is, ny, as Quippe, Nempe. 

527.] Populo. To take away (populum) a 
people : or, as Wachter says, to lay waste by in- 
troducing a people. 

530.] HESPERIA. 'Eairepia. 

531.] Uber. Ab olxpap iEol. of ovdap. As 
&fj.$c», amBo. (2) Uteris from efaopos : or from 
evcpopos considered as meaning fruitful. This agrees 
better with the adjective uber 3. 104. (3) Ains- 
worth : ' Ab humeo, huber, as Tumeo, Tuber.' 

Gleba. Properly, a broken piece. As Kvt}<pT) 
(Steph. 5098.) from Kvdw, \pr)<pos from ypdco, so a 
word KXr t (pr} from kKoloo, to break, and allied to 
KXajxgbs, mutilated. K\rj(pa, yleba. So BA in 
acerBA. G, as Gladius from KAaSos, Glister for 
Clyster. Virgil : Rastris ylebas qui frangit inertes. 
Gray : Their harrow oft the stubborn ylebe has broke. 

532.] Minor. As <rdos, saNus, so fxeiccv, mior, 
(like wKtHN, ociOR,) miNor. (2) From an adj. 
fjLivvs, whence (jnvv<a, fxivvQoo, fxiwpbs, allied to obs. 
juta, whence funpos. See on Mico 90. 

533.] Dux, Ducis. As Rex, Regs, for Regens, 
dux or dues for ducens. 

536.] Procax. Dumesnil : ' Brazen - faced, 
shameless, impudent.' From proco 4. 534. to ask, 
beg. ' Extravagant in demand :' Ridd. ' Properly 
of a harlot, who says constantly, Give me, Bring 
me : ' Forcell. (2) Or, which is much the same, 
from pro-cio, i.e. provocans, challenging, forward, 
as parlens, parens. (3) Wanton in the manner 
(npoKos) of a fawn. 

537.] Invius. In, via. Without a path. So 
Avius, Devius. 

538.] Paucus. From paulus 720, whence pau- 
licus, as Unus, Unicus ; Teter, Tetricus ; and paucus. 
So Facio, Faciber, Faber. 

Tam. As fiovcrdN, musaM ; so rav i. e. Tavrt\v : 
in this way, so. So rrj and ovroos. Thus Jam is 
lam or Earn ; Quam is the fem. ace. of Qui ; Un- 
D 4 



40 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



quam is Unicam ; and Alias the ace. fem. pi. of 
Alius. (2) Short for talem : i.e. secundum talem 
rationem. 

BaRBARUS. Bdp§apos. 

541.] Cieo. Cio 142. 

542.] HtTMANUS. See on Homo 65. 

Temno. t4ia!>o>, to cut oft" i. e. from communi- 
cation with myself. We commonly say, To cut a 
person. Luke 6. 22 : ' When they shall separate 
you [from their company].' 

543.] Fandi. What is -worthy to he spoken of: 
ne/andi, what is not fit or worthy to be spoken of, 
like In fundi. So Fas, Nefas 77. 

544.] Alter. A second. Al is alis, (whence 
uhd in Lucretius, and aliter,} and ter or terus is 
compared by Ihre with irSrepos, eicdrepos, '4repos, 
and derived by him from the Goth, thera, ' their,' 
' of them : ' Alter, ' the other of them.' But this is 
inapplicable to other Greek words, 7]/j.4repos, v/u.4- 
repos, &c. or to Noster, Vester. — Alter may per- 
haps be referred to aAA 5 ovrtpos corrupted to 
&Arepos, alterus . 'not the one, but the other.' — 
Some refer it to aAAoVep/ios, iEolic for aAXSrpios : 
one different from the other.' — Or, as the Greeks 
said Zvvbs from giV, and eicao-Tos from inas, to an 
adjective formed from aliter, i. e. alitei-us, alterus. 

545.] Major. Met fay, Ion. ny'tCw, IE. p-aifav, 
/j.d£wv, major, as w/ctaN, ociOR ; Zvybv, Jugum. 
Thus fj-ycov is found for fxeluv. (2) For magnior, 
magior, major, as solDIer we pronounce solJer. (3) 
From ix^oov, as mAgnus for mEgnj^s. 

546.] Vescor. As Bopw, Voro, and vOster, 
vEster, vescor from /SoVko/^cu. (2) From Pso/xai, 
8i(TK0fj.ai, as j6ao>, fSaanca. Beto/^wt is Vivam in II. 
X- 431. (3) From ve and esca. 

547.] JETHERIU8. AlOepios. 

548.] Officium. Ob,facio. 

Certo. Cerno, cernitum, cernito, certo, to decide 
the issue, to contend. ' Decernere ferro.' 

549.] Posnitet. From poena 136. 

551.] Quasso. Quatio, quatsum, quassum 115. 

Licet. As Adtcpv/xa, Lacryma, so licet from 
S1K77. It is just and lawful. (2) Scheid allies it 
with liquet. Thus Liquet mihi dejerare, in Terence, 
I may take my oath of it. 

552.] Stringo. Liddell : ' %rpdyy<a, Lat. stringo, 
to draw tight, bind tight.' Hence (rrpayyifa, aipay- 
ytv-j). We have cont Ango, contlngo ; and the 
prefix In- from 'Av- 27. And Scaliger deduces 
disco from SAaKca. 

555.] Absumo. Sumo for subimo, subemo, to 
take from under, to take up. See emo 216. Sub, 
as in Suspicio. 

Optimus. For optatissimus, as Inferissimus, In- 
fimus. So kcpvTos from Aw. 

556.] Resto. JRe-sto, to remain behind. 

557.] Fbetum. From ferveo, fervitum, frevi- 



tum, /return. Like iEstuarium. (2) From fremo, 
fremitum, /return. Justin : ' Fremitum ferventis 
sestus exaudiat.' This is applicable to both. (3) 
From peco, ?p4(a, as paya>, Fpaya>, Frago, Frango. 

Saltem. Donatus deduces it from the cry of 
captives : Give me (salutem) my life, if nothing 
else. (2) Freund says thus: 'Originally sultim, 
contracted from salutim from salvus, as Viritim 
from Vir. That is, salvd re.' Properly thus : 
Salvus, salmis, saluitim. (3) But better perhaps 
as soft for sautem, i. e. sin autem : ' But if not, at 
least this.' As conversely the Cretan aT«a for 
aA/ca, and the French aUtre from aLter. (4) By 
nearly following the change of 5e/ca into decEM, 
eirra into septEM, and especially avre into autEM, 
saltem may be from aAA' oure, corrupted to d'AA-re, 
alteM; S being prefixed as in Saltus, Saxum, 
Sarcio. (5) From dAAd tV, (i« e. ctAAd Tcurnjf,) 
corrupted to dAA' r^u: ' At least thus.' M, as 
/xovaaN, musaM. (6_) Others from sitalterum; or 
si ulla tamen. 

562.] Secludo. Se-claudo, as Includo. Se- 92. 

563.] Cogo. For coago, whence co'egi, coactum. 

564.] Gustos. From consto, costo, as vOltus, 
vUltus. To stand by one, Lat. assistere, to assist. 
Homer : TrapecrTcL/Asvcu ical afxvvtLv. 

566.] Virtus. Vir, viri, virihis, virtus, as 
Servus, Servitus. Cicero : ' Appellata est a viro 
virtus: viri autem propria maxime est fortitudo.' 
So Gr. avBpeia. See on vs. 1. 

Incendium. Canus 292 ; whence canidus, ca- 
nideo, candeo, as Aridus, Arideo, Ardeo. (2) Or 
cando and candeo at once from yavMv, splendere, in 
Hesychius ; which from ydvos, splendor. 

567.] Adeo. Ad, eb : up to that point, like 
Quoad, Adhuc, and our Hitherto. 

572.] Vui/rcs. Volitis, voltis. 

Consido. As '1<jtS>, Sisto, so sido from t'£o>, tdov 
whence ISpevca : perf. mid. TSa. 

575.] Utinam. I wish (uti) that. Uti, on. 
Nam : see on vs. 65. 

580.] Jamdudum. Dudum for diudum. Dum, 
as in Adesdum, Ehodum, probably soft for turn. 
Arnold says : ' Dum restricts the meaning, as in 
vixdum, nondum.' 

581.] Compeleo, are. And Appello. From 
pello; the conjugation changed as in Educo, are, 
from Duco ; Occupo, are, from Capio. — Or from 
■n-eAaw, <2, to cause to come near ; as meLLis from 
jue'Ai. Pello or ireXco ad me, as Accieo is Cieo ad 
me. So /caAe'w is ' venire jubeo, from /ce'Aw. Homer : 
Autos ae /caAe?:' Damm. 

585.] Respondeo. Spondeo from 0-71-01/87?, a 
covenant, engagement. Hence to promise ; re- 
spondeo, to make a corresponding engagement ; 
and to correspond or reply by letter, without the 
special idea of engagement. 



7ENEID, BOOK I. 541 

Forcellini states the read 



-637. 



41 



CETERUS, CiETERUS. 

ing cEterus to be be entirely preferable ; therefore 
from %repos, the C taking the place of the Aspirate, 
as otherwise S. So in Com from 'O/u — . Others 
from kcu 'drepos, as x$ T *P as Soph. Trach. 444. 

586.] Repente. Repens from piiru, vergo. 
' For a body tending downwards does so all on a 
sudden, as in a pair of scales. So Gr. eV pomj, in a 
moment:' Voss. 

Purgo. As Claudus, Claudico, so purus, purico, 
purgo, as Mitis, Mitico, Mitigo. 

589.] Decords. Deceo 429. So Canorus. 
590.] C^esaries. From ccesus, cut : as Luxu- 
ries. So Gr. frpl| from frepifa, |w. Dumesnil : 
1 Particularly said of a man's head of hair, as 
women's were never cut.' 

591.] PURPUREUS. Uopcpiipeos. 
592.] Ebur. 'EAe'cpas, M. iXe<pap, contr. to 
ecpap, (as Infimus, Imus,) then ebor, as ix6.pp.Apos, 
marmOr, and 6jj.<&<», amBo ; or ebur, as irAis, vrOip, 
pUer. (2) From e barro. 

Flavus. Flacceo, flaccivus, flavus, from the 
color of decaying plants or leaves; — or flamma, 
Jlammivus, flavus, flame- coloured, as Yellow from 
Sax. gecdan, to burn. Scheid ' from (pxdfa, ferveo :' 
Perott from flo, flare, from the color of blown 
metal. 

593.] Lapis. From Xaas, or Xas, Xaos, as Sods, 
daPis. 

597.] Solus. Seorsum ab aliis, as Socors is 
Seorsum a corde. I omitted, as in Parens from 
Pario. Or from the old alis, whence aliter. (2) 
From oXos, oXXos. Voss : As long as anything is 
one, it is whole ; when divided, it becomes many. 

Miseror. From miser. I deem wretched ; or 
I am miserable with another's misery, weep with 
them that weep. Virgil : Nostro doluisti saepe 
dolore. Thus Commiseror ; and Com-passionate 
from Passus. 

600.] Socio. Socius 194. 
Grates. Xdpnes, xP^ riS i XP$ Tes > grates, as 
XuT-ra, Gutta. 

601.] Ubique. For ubicunque. 
602.] Spargo. From <nrapaya> fut. of aita- 
pdo-ao), to tear in pieces, as Virgil uses Discerpo : 
Auras omnia discerpunt. — Or from eo-n-op/ca perf. 
of cr7reipa> through airapKooo, S>. 

604.] Usquam and Usque. Us from ews, up 
to, much as "On, Uti. Quam and que are kclv, ktj, 
iEol. for -rrriv, irr], aliquam, (like Alias,) aliqua. 
Thus Uspiam is eccs ny &u. Though Usque may 
be e'ws Ke, or eo>s Te, M. ne. (2) Usquam, usque, 
for ullisquam, ullisque, or ullosquam, ullosque, i. e. 
locis or locos. As in Aliquam, Aliquos, Quisque. 
607.] Fluvius. Fluo, flu'ius, fluvius. As 
Alluo, Alluvies, and Pluo, Plu via. — Ains worth 
from fluo,fluvi. ? 



ill.] L^VUS. Aaibs, Xaifds. 

> 15.] Periculum. From perior, experior, from 



609.] Semper. As grAssus for grEssus, sem- 
per from 'aa/xirepes, eaa/xirepes like Siafnrepes. So 
ia-rrjfj.os, io~avpiov. Ainsworth simply from afxirepls, 
S being prefixed as in Saxum, Saltus. (2) For 
semiopere, says Scaliger : ' In continuation, as being 
only half done. As Toper is immediately, as 
being all done.' Rather Toper is Tota opera, i. e. 
Toto conatu. (3) As in Paulisper, Parumper, 
Riddle from semelper : ' Once for all.' The two 
last etymologies seem sadly farfetched. 
61 

615. 
neipa, a trial, experiment, risk. 

621.] Opimus. Ainsworth : ' From opes, wealth ; 
or ops, opis, the earth, as properly said of fat soil.' 
So Quadrimus. (2) Scheid thinks the O is an 
affix as in some Greek words, and in Lat. oportet, 
omitto ; and pimus to be allied to iri/xeA^s, fat. 

626] Stirps. The trunk of a tree, from 

o-Ticpphs, solid, dense, transp. anpcpbs, as traBs from 

Tp<£$7)£, Tpa&l;. (2) From (TTeppoirovs or (rrepeoTrovs. 

627.] Quare. De qua re. Like Quam-ob-rem. 

Age. "Aye. 

629.] Demum, and Demits by the ancients. 
From rrj/Jios, then. So Doleo from Ta.Xa.oo. (2) 
Ainsworth from demo. ? 

630.] Disco. Scaliger from 5ao, 5a<r/ca>, as £a«, 
fidaKw. So strlngo from arp A^yw. Adoj, whence 
Sayvcu, to learn. (2) Aiwkw, says Liddell, is from 
8tV Now, as from Hio is Hisco, so from Stw may 
be SiaKco, disco, to pursue after, gain information. 

634.] Viginti. As Triginta from TpiaKovra, 
so viginti from a form Fe'iKovra for feiKocri. Or the 
termination was followed from Triginta, Quadra- 
ginta. 

635.] Sus, Suis. 20s, avSs. 
Agnus. From ayvos, holy. From its tender 
frame, consecrated as an offering to the gods. 
Vetus Lex: Tertia spolia Jano Quirino agnum 
marem csedito. Horace : Nos humilem feriemus 
agnam. H dropt as in Ansa. (2) As fi6ax°s, 
tender, and (in the Latin Muscus) moss, was also 
a young animal, so axvi], dew, down, &c. could 
have produced acnus or agnus, a tender lamb. G, 
as kvKvos, cyGnus. (3) From ay^iivos or ayS^vos. 
Qui impellitur. Virgil : Quo saepe solemus Pas- 
tores ovium teneros depellere foetus. 
636.] Munera. See on vs. 7. 
637.] Interior. Interns, obs. ivrepos, whence 
evTepa, the intestines. 

Splendidus. Splendeo, (as N in /xaNddvco, 
fraNgo,) from (nrXr)5bs, burning cinders, as Lyco- 
phron : o-irXridcp &aX-tydvTu>v irvpSs. 

Luxus. From luo, luxi, from Xvw, as Fluo, 
Fluxi. As dissolving the vigor of the body. (2) 
From luxo, to dislocate; and this from Xo^bs, 
askaunt. 



42 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



638.] Instruo. Struo from crrpdxa, to strew on 
the ground, and so to heap up, and make a (strum.) 
pile, and thus raise a building. Also, to put in 
array, get ready materials, prepare, &c. (2) From 
a-repeow, <rr«pea\ <TTpea>, to make firm. 

639.] Ostrum. From oarpeov, ow, a purple 
used in dyeing. 

640.] "Cjelo, Coelo. Ccpdo, ccesum, ccesulo, ccelo, 
as Fro, Ustum, Ustulo. To cut, carve. Or at 
once from ccelum, a graving tool, and this from 
cccdo. (2) From Koi\6ca, u>, to hollow out. 

641.] Series. Sero, to join, 254. 

648.] Palla. From <papos, an upper garment ; 
■whence pharula, phaila, as Puerula, Puella ; then 
potto, as $cuvo\t)s, Paenula. So Ralla. (2) From 
iraAAw, to toss about. Explained ' vestis ampla et 
fluens' by Forcellini who cites Sidonius. 

Rigeo. From plyeco, to be stiff with cold. 
Others from necpplya perf. of (ppio-aco, to be rough, 
to bristle. 

649.] Texo. From tego, text. Forcellini : 
' Quia trama stamen tegitur.' Scaliger : ' Invicem 
tegimus tramam et stamen.' (2) From Tctcrcrco, rd^co, 
to arrange, dispose. As grEssus for grAssus, 
dEnsus for dAnsus. (3) Haigh : ' From (tckw, 
Te|o),) rei>xu>, to make, build.' 

Croceus. KpSxeos. 

Acanthus. "Ak<xvQos. 

650.] Orno. To set out, furnish, prepare, 
equip. For ordino, as Infimus, Imus. (2) From 
&pa, venustas : whence orino, orno. 

651.] Hymen^us. 'Y/xeVcuos. 

654.] Maximus. For magnissimus, magsimus. 

Coleum. Dumesnil : ' From KoXAdw, a>, to join. 
The part of the body whereby the head is joined 
to the body.' (2) Becman : ' From k5>\ov, the 
limb, emphatically, as being the base and support 
of the head. Nor are these specific applications 
uncommon. Thus opvis for a hen, &<XTpoi> the dog- 
star , fiporbs a man.' So Voss : ' Membrum, per 
excellentiam.' The L doubled as in Mellis from 
Me'At. (3) Dr. Turton : ' From collis ; because it 
rises from the shoulders like a hill.' See on Cer- 
vix 402. Collis 419. 

Monile. As dOmo from 8A^<2, so monile (as 
Hastile, Cubile,) from /nduos. Wright in his Lexi- 
con : ' Mdwos, jxdvos, a necklace. Mawcxpopos, wear- 
ing a necklace.' And Dr. Jones : ' Mavvcxpopos, 
bearing a chain about the neck, Theocr. xi. 41. 
From fj.dvuos, a chain. And hence, it should seem, 
/xavpaKiov or ixavidtcvs, a necklace.' And ixavidiaov. 
(Steph. ccccxxxi. ) And the Schol. on Theocritus 
says : Mdvvos 5e iariv 6 irepn paxfaios k6o~/xos, rb 
AeyS/xevoi/ fxavvditiov. Though some read in Theo- 
critus afxvocpopcas. (2) But perhaps from moneo, as 
Plautus calls thongs of ox-hide monumenta bubula, 
though jocularly. Monile will thus be a remem- 



brancer, memorial, memento, of affection or public 
virtue. As Madan explains Torquibus in Juv. 16. 
60 : ' Chains of gold worn about the necks of those 
whose valor had rendered them worthy of honors.' 
iElian : Fix* &e *<*! &ya\fia 7repl rbv avx^a e/c aair- 
(peipov hiQov, Kal eKaAetro rb ayaXfxa 'AArjBeia. And 
in Sir H. Davy's Consolations in Travel: 'The 
rosary suspended round my neck is a memorial of 
sympathy and respect for an illustrious man.' 

655 ] Bacca. The Delphin Editor calls baccce 
on 3. 649 ' exigui quilibet arborum fostus.' And 
Arnold 'any little round fruit, not a nut' And 
Dr. Johnson derives our word Berry from the 
Saxon Beran, to Bear. Hence from pario might 
be parica, like Fabrica, Manica, Unica ; and parica 
(as moBIlis becomes moLlis,) could become paCca 
or bacca, as Tlv^os, Buxus. 

Gemma.. Scaliger deduces it from 7eV«, to be 
full. Ovid: Et nova de gravido palmite gemma 
tumet. Gemima, as Victa, Victima ; then gemma. 
(2) Geneo, genui, genima, genma, gemma. That 
which the vine first produces. 

Corona. Hesychius explains Kopecvrj by elSos 
arecpduov. Also Kopwvbs, )/, bv, is curved, bent, and 
Kopwvh a wreath or garland. 

657.] Verso. Verto, versum 20. 
658.] Facies. From facio, as Specio, Species. 
The make, form, figure of the countenance or face. 
Muto. Moveo, movitum, movito, moito, muto, as 
Providens, Pro'idens, Prudens. To move the situ- 
ation of anything. 

660.] Os, Ossis. Ossa from bara; os, ossis 
then from barrow. 

661.] Ambiguus. Ambigo, to be in those cir- 
cumstances which agunt carry one ambi i. e. b.jj.<p\, 
two ways, like Gr. a.fj.(pi\oyos. So Muto, Mutuus. 
Bilinguis. Bis ; lingua from At%^ f ut - of Aet'xw : 
With which we lick. Hence (as Anra>, AiK«, liN- 
QUo,) lingua, lingua. 

662.] Uro. Ei/cd, (to singe, roast,) uEo, as wbs, 
nuRus. H dropt, as iu"E\kos, Ulcus. 

Atrox. From a word arpco^, not fit to eat, raw : 
then in sense, like Crudelis from Crudus. 

663.] Ergo. In the sense of Therefore, from 
dpary &v, the N omitted, as in Plato from UXdrwv, 
and E for A, as irAo-craXos, pEssulus. In the sense 
of On account of, Because of, (as in Nepos, ' Ej us 
victorise ergo Apollini donum dedisse',) ergo is re- 
ferred to epyy, by the fact of, by the occasion of. 
And we might understand the former sense by an 
ellipsis: (illius) ergo, on account of that: indeed it 
is not likely that ergo should have tAvo origins. 
The word ergo., towards, seems unexplained. I be- 
lieve it is the Gr. bpya, 'animi inclinatione ad.' 
'Opy)] is is used by Herodotus, though in the com- 
mon sense of the word. 'Ad' can be omitted, as 
in Versus (ad), Versum (ad). O, as tOsta, tEsta. 



iENEID, BOOK I. 638—702. 



43 



668.] Iniquus. In, ccquus. 

670.] Blandus. One who talks smoothly: 
from planus, whence planidus, as Vivus, Vividus. 
B, as Tlv£os, Buxus; \lrpa, M. KiUpa, liBra. 

(2) From ir\avdu), u>, to mislead; planidus, &c. 

(3) From ^XaScD. M. of (p\-r)8w, to talk idly : (He- 
sych.) N, as in spleNdeo. B, as Qdhaiua, Balaena. 

671.] Vereor. Ve, valde, and rear. I think 
much of, account highly, respect, fear. Thus from 
Ratum are Rationes, accounts. 

672.] Cesso. From cedo, cessum, to yield, give 
up. 

674.] Medttor. MeXcToo/xcu, melitor, meditor, 
as caDuceus for caRuceus, ktiVvkcios. I, as avEfios, 
animus. (2) From /j.4om, fx4Sofj.ai, medeo, mSditum, 
to plan. See Medeor 7. 772. 
676.] Accitus. Cio 142. 
680.] Sopor. Riddle : ' Perhaps from oirhs, 
the juice of the poppy; a soporific dose.' iEol. 
birbp, sopor, as "AAtos, Saltus. Or sopor from sopio, 
this from faiov, opium. (2) From inrea>, i. e. v<pew, 
vcpi-n/xi, remitto, relaxo (memhra). As 'Tirep, Super ; 
and /uYAct, mOla. (3) Sopor from virap, a waking 
vision. 

683.] AMPLUS. 'Avdirhews, &fj.Tr\€ws. 
684.] Induo. 'Ej/5iw. 

685.] Gremium. The lap, in which we carry 
anything ; from gero, whence (as Almus from Alo, 
Aliraus,) gerimus, and gerimium as Prseemo, Praee- 
mium, Prsemium ; Obsto, Obstium, Ostium ; Sug- 
grundium. Then shortened to gremium. (2) From 
Kpejidoo, to hang from. But this is rather said of 
the breast or neck than of the lap. 

686.] Latex. Servius deduces it from lateo, 
as being concealed within the veins of the earth. 
As Apio, Apex. But others from AaTa|, the liquor 
falling out of the cup which was called k6tto.€os or 
Korrd§iou. (Steph. dxlv. ) 

687.] Amplexus. Amplector ,• am for apcp); 
plector from ?rAe/cTbs, whence a word TrAe/cTeco or 
oca, 5). 

688.] Fallo. See on vs. 407. 
689.] Venenum. From a word (pewnvbv from 
</>eW, to kill. As 4»aT7jy, Vates. 

690.] Exuo. From Hvco, duo, as Atta, luo. 
Then exduo, exuo. (2) From l|e'«, Qi-nfii. (3) Pe- 
rott from ex and suo. ? 

692.] Irrigo. As Latus soft from TIAdTos, 
Lsena from XAcuva, so rtgo for brigo from j8pe'xa>. 
Thus some derive Rugio from BVuxdopai. I as 
7rAE/ca>, pllco; G as Xvtto., Gutta. (2) From 
pvat, cucos, a mountain-stream, whence pvaKi^oo, 
pva.Ki£>, contracted to pvKoi, rigo. ? 
693.] AMARACUS. 'A/xapaKos. 
694.] Complector. See on vs. 687. 
695.] Cupido. From cupio, as Libido. 
697.] Aul^eum. From avhaia; if not from 



avXaiov, mentioned by Budaeus, though Stephens 
states it was more used by the Latins than the 
Greeks. 

698.] Sponda. As Herba, Herbida, so sponsa, 
sponsida, sponda. A couch for married persons. 
Virgil has Exuviasque omnes lectumque juga- 
LEM, and Lucian dd\ap.6s iart -n-epiKciAA^y nal 
KAINH NTM$IKH. And on ' Genealibus toris' in 
6. 603., the Delphin Editor says, ' Quales lecti nup- 
tiales.' (2) But. as sponda is also the frame of the 
bedstead, some refer it to Germ, sponde or bedd- 
sponde ; from spond a board or beam, or spiinden to 

plank together Or, much as aKTAiov fell into 

sPOlium, sponda may be referred to arena, stand- 
ing, (allied to o-Tabnv, and arradalos, in an upright 
position,) which might be used for such a frame or 
stand, as answering to Lat. statumen, the ribs of a 
ship, and Gr. ffTafxives : — through iEol. airora, 
spoda, sponda, as fralbv, vaDum ; tago, taNgo. 
(3) 2irddx also, a broad flat piece of wood, should 
be mentioned, as orDo from 6p&6s. 

701.] Famulus. From ira/xa, a possession, 
says Haigh well. Genesis 26. 14: *He had pos- 
session of flocks, and possession of herds, and great 
store of servants.' Famulus, as Fundus from 
IIiV5ci£, and as Figulus, Gerulus, Capulus. The 
quantity changed, as /cpH7rTSa, crepido ; TrElpdo/xat, 
perior ; caleo from /cHAeos ; odium from odi. 
(2) From cifxa, fa/m, somewhat as Fpayw, Frango. 
Unus ex grege servili. 

Lympha. As the Nymphs were called Kpyvcuai 
and Trora/xov yivos, and as Virgil makes the rivers 
their offspring, (' Nymphse, genus amnibus unde 
est, 1 ) they might be easily identified with the rivers 
themselves. Hence lympha from vv/j.<pa, as Airpoy 
for Nirpov, ttAgv/jlooi/ from irNsvfMoou. Indeed in some 
passages nympha is a reading in this sense for lym- 
pha. Lymphor on 7. 377 greatly strengthens this 
derivation. (2) Riddle says: ' It seems to be from 
limpa, whence limpidus." What is limpa ? From 
Aiiros, or from Xd/jLiroj, as (rrpAyyca, strlngo? Du- 
mesnil defines lympha * a limpid water running 
out of a clear spring.' But how lYmpha? 

CANISTRUM. KduHXTpOV. 

702.] Tondeo. As the D is added in Mordeo 
169, so tondeo from ro^y, a cutting off or down, 
whence a word ro^ew, allied to To/mct>, to need cut- 
ting, and TOfMevu to cut. N for M, as queNdam, 
taNquam, and as perhaps teNto for teMto. 

Mantile. From manus, as used by the hands, 
like Manica, and like Manipa, Manpa, Mappa. 
Tile being a termination, such as those in Mustrla, 
Manubias, Diutinus, Diuturnus, Macilentus, Atra- 
mentum, Discipulus, Osculum, &c. Some under- 
stand it for manutersile from manus and tergo. Or 
from tela. Hall : Web or cloth for the hands. 
(2) From fxavdv\iou, by which Hesychius explains 



4vt 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Xeip6/.t.aKTpa, the same as )nantih\ Voss thinks that 
lA-avSvAiov is from maniilc, though it may be allied 
to jU.ao-0-a), |a>, through a future fxdaot, a. 2. e^aSov. 

Villcs. From fAAw, fi'AAa>, to roll or twist 
together. Pilus convolutus, says Voss. (2) From 
TTi\a>, to stuff close; whence irlkos, wool or hair 
wrought into felt. Hence pilulus, pillus and villus, 
as IloAcuw, Voluo, Volvo. 

703.] Quinquaginta". See on Triginta 269. 
So Quadraginta. 

Penus. See on Penitus 200. 

Adoleo. Properly, to make to smell with per- 
fume, and hence to bring out perfume by burning. 
See oleo 436. 

705.] Minister. See on vs. 115. 

706.] Poculum. Poto, potaculum, pocuhim. As 
Miraculum. So Pascibulum, Pabulum. (2) James 
Bailey from KvireAAov, KovireXKov, JE. irovKeAXov, 
7ro>/ceAAoi/, poculum, as ttOT\vttovs, pOlypus. 

707.] Frequens. As loQUor from AoroCyuai, 
and much as linQUo from te'nrca, JE. Aei'Kco, so 
frequens, frequentis, from cppayels, (ppayevTos, a. 2. of 
(ppdaaa, to fill full : whence frequens is numerously 
attended, numerous. E, as fipAxvs, brEvis ; and 
gaAssus, grEssus. (2) For feri coiens. ? 

708.] Torus. As 20aAAa>, Fallo ; Stc^co, Tego, 
so torus from cTopw, as in Ae'xos <TTop4acu ; and Ju- 
venal, Torum cum sterneret uxor. — But others 
take it from torus, a rope or cord. Voss : ' For 
beds are tightened by cords.' Ainsworth : ' From 
torus, signifying any thing round, and especially 
grass or reed twisted into rope on which the an- 
cients strewed skins or coverlets.' Torus is in this 
sense for to?ius, rdvos, a rope, as /j.o'Na, moRa. Or 
from reipco, reropa, whence ropuco to round, and 
from whose fut. repca is teres, round. 

710.] Flagro. From <p\ayu>, fut. of <p\£y<a, 
through a word <p\ayepbs, or poco, pa>. Or from 
fXtyvpbs, (pAeypbs, as flAmma from (pXEy/xa, 
(pKEfifJLa. 

712.] Pestis. From peredo, peresum and pere- 
stum, as from Edo is Estrix. Virgil : Carinas Est 
vapor et toto descendit corpore pestis : Crudeli 
tabe peredit. (2) From pascor, pastum, as grAdior, 
grEssus. Quod depascitur artus. (3) Others 
from Trcaeiv, or pessum ? 

713.] Nequeo. Like Neque, Nescio. As 
2<f>aAAo>, Fallo, SO 0"X««>, queo. Thus e-rro/xai, eKo- 
fiai, seQUor. 2x«", habeo, whence 2x?JM a > habitus : 
To have in my power, like ex w - ( 2 ) Contracted 
from kix*w, to attain. (3) For quio, quivi, from 
iVx^w, Vx^w. 

720.] Paulatim. From paulus, soft for paurus, 
iravpos, small, few. Or paurulus, paulus. 

Aboleo. Oleo, to grow, 75. Ab is negative, as 
in Aborior. (2) From &no\iu>, air6\\vfj.i. But 
abolesco 7. 232 seems to establish the first. 



721.] Incipio. Capio, to take in hand. 

Tento. To try. Usually referred to tendo, 
tentum : To apply the hands to any work, and so 
to try; or to feel, examine, try. In vs. 91 ' Viris 
intentant omnia mortem,' this is manifestly true : 
Stretch over. (2) Temno, temtum, temto, tento. 
Thus tentare pericula. Indeed some write temptare 
from temptum. (3) Voss from teneo, tentum. To hold 
much and long, so as to feel or prove anything. 

722.] Jampridem. See Pridem on 192. Do- 
derlein deduces pridem from irplv Srj or nplv §i\v. 

Reses, Resldis. From re-sedeo, as Deses, De- 
sidis, Desidia. 

Desuetus. As Providens dropt the V in Pro'i- 
dens, Prudens, soleo, solesco (like Insolesco,) seem 
to have dropt the L, and have become soe'o, soesco; 
sueo, suesco. Thus dUim was probably from Zn-nv ; 
or, as Forcellini thinks, from SOw the Latins said 
dUo, dUim, &c (2) To make anything (suuni) 
one's own by habit. (3) Isaac Voss from eco, to 
put on, whence euo>, evea>, sueo, as 'Tirep, Super. 
Thus a Habit is from Habeo, to wear. And such 
expressions as iirieifiivos akKrjv, Be clothed with 
humility, &c. are common. 

724.] Crater. Kparrip. 

725.] 



Fio. 4>yw. Or obs. cpiu), whence (plrv, 



(plTVQO. 



26.] Atrium. Ab atOpiov, ddpiou, the open 
air ; as Aa0e'«, laTeo. The atrium had an area 
open to the sky. (2) Others from atrum, as black 
from the smoke, whence Juvenal speaks of the 
statues there as ' fumosos equitum magistros.' 

Lychnus. Avxvos. 

Laquear. For lacuar from Act/cos, or lacus, 
lacuis, whence lacuna and lacunar. The empty 
space left in ceilings between the different beams 
to be ornamented : fretted work. So Alvear, Al- 
veare. 

727.] Funale. A taper (funis) of cord smeared 
with pitch or tallow. 

729.] Merum. I. e. vinum. Merus from ^ipw, 
pep&, to divide. Set apart from other things, pure, 
aKparov. 

Patera. From pateo. An open bowl. As 
Gr. eo-rrEPA. 

730.] Soleo. From o\os, as 'OA/rb?, Sulcus. 
Properly, To be wholly engaged ; Gr. el/uu o\os 
■n-pbs tovtois ; Horace, Totus in illis. And hence 
to be continually engaged about anything, to make 
it a constant habit of study or practice. Thus the 
Greeks used <piXi<a, to love a thing, in the sense of 
soleo, to be devoted to it, to be habituated to it 
(2) Haigh indeed deduces soleo at once from <pi\£u>. 
Thus : hileo, as 4>eG, Heu ; holeo, as alvr-ns, sOntis ; 
and soleo, as above. But ? 

731.] Loquor. From Xoyov^ai formed from 
\6yos. So <ppaY4mos, freQUentis. Much also as 



iENEID, BOOK I. 703—751. 



45 



tTro/xai, eKo/xai, seQuor ; and from Te'ITa* some de- 
rive extinGUo. (2) From XeXoxa perf. of Xiyu, 
as ir4pira>, Trewo/xira, iropTTi], And as in ctAOxos from 
\4yopai, to li? down. (3) From Aa/cco a. 2. of Arjww, 
crepo. As SA^cD, dOmo. 

73?.] Velim. See on volo 303. 
Hujus. Of Ejus James Bailey says well: 
1 From eo, eh, for which the iEolians may have 
said €iods or elovs, (indeed iovs is found in Corinna 
a pud Apollon. de Pronom.) was ejus.' And from 
oo, oh, and oiovs, seems to have been hojus, hujus, 
as <pQ.pos, fUris. And from xai olovs could be 
Cujus. (2) As Alter, Alterius, so Qui, Quius, 
Qujus, Cujus. Is, Ea, Eius, Ejus. Hie or for- 
merly hoc, (from o y,) hocius, hocjus, hojus, hujus. 

735.] Celebro Through celeber, Celebris, 
(which resemble Funebris, Saluber, Salubris,) from 
KeXKw, ksKco, to drive or summon together, like 
Concio from Cio. Celeber is populous, numerous, 
and celebro is to attend in great numbers. (2) 
Others from tcxios, k4\os ; or /cAeico. /ceAico. ? 

Faveo. From <pd(o, <pa4u), (paF4a), as ae'cw, dfeo), 
aVeo 363. To speak of well, commend, as ahos 
(from obs. ctfo, Lat. aio,) is 'that which is said to 
one's praise : ' Lidd. Or to speak for or in favor 
of. Or (pdea, like <pi)pi, is to assent, then to grant, 
to be indulgent. (2) Scaliger: * Faveo is <pai5«, 
whence in<pav(TK(ti : To show kindly feeling.' 

737.] Tenus. From TeiVco, Tevu>, to extend as 
far as. (2) Bp. Butler from teneo : ' It means con- 
tiguity or holding on to a certain limit and no 
further.' Ainsworth : ' Quod propinquum est, 
tenere videtur.' (3) Scheid cites Hesychius : 
Tr]vris' 'decs. 

738.] Increpito. Crepo from Kpeicw, to strike, 
beat with the shuttle or plectrum : M. Kp4irw, as 
KvKos, JE. AuIIos, luPus. 

Impiger. Piger is one ' quem piget.'' And piget 
is from ttikos, (Hesych.) a form of Triicpbs, bitter, 
pungent. Pungit me, it pains, troubles, woi-ries or 
wearies me. (2) Piget from Vefyef, hreiyci, it 
urges, presses, i.e. weighs down. As eira, ita; 
Seijxbp, timor. (3) Piger from iraxvp iEol. of iraxvs, 
thick, dull. As arpAyyw, strlngo. 
Haurio. Corrupted from apvw. 
740.] Proceres. Procer from -rrpoexhs, ^E- 
Trpoex^p, irpoxTip. As KeA.7js, Celer, Celeres. (2) 
Qui gerit se pro i. e. prae aliis. As paGiscor, pa- 
Ciscor. (3) From irpb and nepas. Whose horn is 
set up on high. Psalms : My horn shalt thou 
exalt: In my name shall his horn be exalted. 

IIpOKep7}S. 

ClTHARA. Kitidpa. 

744.] Arctdrus. 'ApKTovpos. 

Pluvia. From pluo, as Fluo, Fluvius. Pluo 
from jSAyw to gush out ; or ttXvco as the root of 
irAiW to wash. Others from cpAvu, to overflow. 



Hyades. 'TaSes. 

Trioves. For teriunes from tero. Ploughing 
oxen as bruising the soil. (2) From rpioov as the 
root of rpiSxu, from Teipco, TepoD, repico. 

745.] Propero. From properus, from prope, 
whence propinquus, and propinquo is ' prope esse 
facio, maturo, expedio;' Forcell. Thus in Virgil: 
Properet per vulnera mortem. The more we 
hasten, the nearer we get. Val. Flaccus has 
' propinquare magis atque magis.' (2) Forcellini 
from proparo. ' I. e. ante alia paro : to hasten, get 
ready.' (3) From irpSica, JE. irpSira, forthwith. 
See on crePo 738. (4) From -npo^pa (pe), to 
draw myself on. And 'irpotyepeiv riva o5oG, is to 
further one on the road : ' Lidd. As Trp6cr$opos, 
prosPerus. (5) Scheid from irpowopevu}. (6) Do- 
derlein : • Properus was formed from pro, forth, 
forwards : as Infer us, Exterus, from their preposi- 
tions.'? 

TlNGO. Tiyycc. 

746.] Tardus. As Rapidus, Frigidus, so tra- 
hidus from traho, which often means protraho, to 
protract, defer, put off. Virgil : Tot traxisse moras. 
Drawling on, dilatory, slow. Trahidus, trahdus, 
tardus. (2) As from Uipav 's, Upaus, is Trans, and 
from erTIuSew is sTudeo ; so (as B and P are cora- 
mutable, \iTpa, \inpa, becoming liBra,) Ppa5i>s 
could become Tpadvs, rapSus, tardus. (3) Contr. 
from a word Tap§w8ris, fearful, like rapLxu>Sr]s and 
Tpax^57js. (4) From a word rdphr\v, like apS-qv, 
aepdrjv, from rdp(a, TerapTcu, whence araprypos. 
Like one worn out. 

747.] Platjsus. Plaudo is to make a noise by 
beating or striking, and seems to be contracted 
from TrAaTvyifiSa) iEol. of irXaruyi^a) ; whence 
■KAavyhoi, plaudo. Properly, to beat the water with 
the broad part of the oar : figuratively, to beat the 
hands together, and (as in Plaustrum, like Claudo, 
Claustrum) to strike the ground heavily with heavy 
jostling wheels. (2) As xpdea, \pavw ; Acta, \av<o, 
airoAavu) ; so from c/>Aaco might be (pAavco, phlauDo 
(see Claudo 140,) and plaudo, as $aiv6Xris, Paenula. 
4>Actw is to thump, beat, bruise. (3) Isaac Voss : 
Plaudo from 7rAc£5co, the same as TrAa£o> whence also 
Plango. (4) From a compound perlaudo, pel- 
laudo : To give heavy strokes of applause. The 
conjugation changed, much as from the thii'd to 
the first in Occupo from Occapio. 

750.] Rogito. As Rapio from 'Apvaco, so rogo 
from opydoc, bpyS>, to yearn or long for, to be eager, 
and so to desire any thing of another. (2) From 
opoya perf. of bpeyopai to desire, might be a verb 
opoyew, 6poya>, 'poyco, rogo. 

751.] Aurora. For aurea hora, the golden 
hour. (2) From avpa and &pa, the hour of the 
fresh air of morning. Or, in this sense, from auri 
aura 6. 204. (3) For avpia &pa, to-morrow's hour. 



46 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



753.] Immo. Infimiis, inmus, immus and imits, 
84. In infimo i. e. postremo loco. That is, lastly 
I add what is more. Or, ex imo, from the very- 
foundation, i. e. utterly, entirely, like Funditus. 
Or, ex imo corde, heartily, thoroughly. Scheid 
understands it, turned upside down, so as to ex- 
press the very reverse of the former supposition 



or of an objection. (2) Voss : ' Quoo ima, etiam 
intima esse solent.' 

754.] Insidle. In, sedeo. Sitting in ambush, 
4v48pa. 

755.] Septimus. From septem, as Decern, De- 
cimus. 



BOOK II. 



4.] Lamentor. Lacrymor, lacrymamentum, la- 
crymentum, lamentum. As Inferissimus, Infimus, 
Imus. 

7.] Miles. One of (mile or mille) a, thousand. 
Eutropius : Mille pugnatores delegit Romulus, quos 
a numero milites appellavit. Varro says : ' Because 
the legion at first consisted of 3000 : each tribe 
furnishing 1000.' (2) One of (o/j.l\os) a troop of 
soldiers. 'CtyuAeco, says Damm, is properly a mili- 
tary term. Homer : Iv irpuroKnv bpuXei • fiera 
Tpateaariv o/xiXeoi. Thucydides : rbu irXelarov ofjuKov 
toov i\iiXwv. 6 5e iroAvs ofxiXos /cctt (TrpaTKvrrjS. — Me- 
nage says : ' For milex, fiiXal, Stj/xotlkos.'' Meaning, 
I suppose, djjuKa£. (3) Voss from fxetXia, a spear, 
as in jxziXivov £yx os ' 

8.] Humidus. From humeo or humor, as Frigus 
or Frigeo, Frigidus. 

9. ] Pr^cipito. Prceceps, prcecipitis, from prce ; 
caput, capitis. With the head foremost : irpond- 
prjvos. 

12.] Quanquam. For quamquam, like Tam- 
quam. That is, howsoever, as Quisquis is whoso- 
ever. 

Luctus. Lugeo, lugtum, luctum, from Xvfa, 
XeXvya, whence XvypSs. 

15.] Instar. That is, ad instar, (like Nectar,) 
after the likeness of. Instar by euphony for istar, 
from 1<t6tt)s, likeness, M. iaST-np, iaSrap, 1<rrap. 
Plato says : We say, aKX-r\p6Tf]2., but the Eretrians 
(TKAr)p6rr)'P. N, as truNcus, deNsus. Nor is the 
gender an objection, as we have Vinum neuter from 
Ohos, Tapetum from Tdirns, t\tos, Vulgus neuter 
from ox*- *, &c. On the other hand Erebus masc. 
from "Epe§os, eos. (2) Isaac Voss : ' Instar for in- 
stdre, as Jubar for Jubare. From iia-Trjp, or Xar-np, 
istar, custard (3) From insto vestigiis, to follow 
after, imitate. Ainsworth says : ' Quod instat. I. e. 
ad exemplum.' 

16.] jEdifico. JEdemfacio. JEdes from oItos 
found in Pindar 01. 3. 30, and twice explained by 



Eustathius ivdiairrifxa, a dwelling. He observes 
indeed that it is a word of unique use, but there are 
many such, and they ought not lightly to be 
altered. Indeed this very word cedes corroborates 
the word alros. D, as fiaTbv, vaDum. 

Abies. Dr. Turton : ' From airios, a wild pear, 
the fruit of which its cones somewhat resemble.' 

17.] Vagor. From Fd.yofj.ai, 'ago me hue et 
illuc' (2) As Vago was in ancient use, from 
airdyco, 'irdyco, to make off, go away. As UoXzvw, 
Voluo, Volvo. (3) Vago from ve ago, agito me. 
Ve, valde, as in Vegrandis, Vereor. 

18.] Furtim. From/wr, $c£p. 

19.] Caverna. From cava, as Taberna. 

20.] Uterus. The lower part of the belly, 
the paunch, the womb ; shortened from varepos, 
lower, whence i/aTepa, the womb. Thus Gr. oris, 
for octtis, and Uls, Ulsterus, Ulterus, Ulti'a. And 
the H dropt, as in "EA/cos, Ulcus. (2) From uter, 
a bag ; and this from oiSos, a swelling, iE. olSop : 
Uter being a bag of skin or leather blown up like 
a bladder. U, as irOlvr), pUnio ; and u, as hEl/xbp, 
timor. T, as airouAij, sponTe. (3) "OSepos in He- 
sychius is referred to, as ' the belly.' Good, if 
genuine. 

23.] Statio. From sto, statum. Where any 
thing stands, a as in status, stdtuo, datus. 

Carina. From Kelpw, K$.pS>, to cut off, as An- 
gina, Ruina. (See Careo 2. 44.) Liddel makes 
it equivalent to o-Teipa, ' the stout beam of a ship's 
keel, the cut-water.' Grew : ' Her sharp bill serves 
for a keel to cut the air before her.' And the 
expressions are common, Nauta secat mare, The 
vessels cut the liquid way, &c. 

25.] Ratus. Reor, retus, ratus, as Seror, Satus. 
As (ppd^oputL, to think, is from <ppdfa, to say : i. e. 
to say to oneself ; so from epe'w, to say, might be 
ipeo^ai, 'peofiai, in the sense of and as the origin of 
reor. (2) But all have recourse to res, rei. To 
compare thing with thing. Thus Dr. Johnson de- 



JENEID, BOOK I. 753— BOOK II. 69 

fines To think, ' to compare things.' Sipontin un- 



47 



derstands reor, I judge a thing to be (rem) a reality. 
Perott says: 'Id puto quod res est.' Becman 
makes it, To be occupied about a thing. Home 
Tooke mysteriously explains it, ' I am thing-ed.'? 
31.] Exitiale. Exitium from exeo, exitum, 
whence exitus. A going out, expiring. Thus Gr. 
e|iT7/Aos. Dumesnil understands it ' a tragical 
end.' 

33.] Intra. For intera parte. Interns from 
hrepos, whence Svrepa, the bowels. So Extra from 
e|wTepos, Exterus. 

Hortor. From 6pa>, oprcu, opreo/xai, ovficu ; the 
aspirate added as in Horreo, Haurio : indeed it ap- 
pears in Sp/x^, 6p/j.d(i}. 

38.] Terebro. From terebra, a gimlet, like 
Latebra. From repew to perforate, whence re'pe- 
rpov a gimlet. 

4i2.] Insania. Sanus from <rdos, cS>s, as Aetos, 
leNis. 

Civis. As Anxius from Anxi, Vexillum from 
Vexi, so civis or co'ivis from coe'o, co'ici. Isidorus : 
Cives vocati quod in unum coeuntes vivant. Virgil : 
Aspice qui coeant populi. (2) From cio, civi. As 
called together into one body. Convocatus. 

43.] Puto. Forcellini: ' To lop, prune ; clean; 
clear one's accounts ; consider, ponder ; think, con- 
jecture; estimate.' Dumesnil: ' Puto is to think 
after examining carefully, as by thinking we cut 
otf the superfluous parts of the thing considered.' 
Haigh says, from <puT<i<a, <a, to prune, from (pvrbv a 
plant, shoot. This is a supposed meaning, as we 
say To wing a bird, for maiming its wing ; and in 
Joel i. 7 : He hath barked my fig-tree. Thus De- 
puto, Amputo. (2) From ttvOu fut. of TrevOco, ireu- 
Oofiai, to enquire, and so examine, see what is to be 
left and what cut off. As Aa0ew, laTeo. Or from 
irvarbs, irvrrbs, explored, or Trvarea}, irvarco, ttvttw. 

(3) Caninius from putus from wards. Tried, 
fined, &c. Puto, putum facio. u, as (pypa, fera. 

(4) From kStttci), iE. kottoj, ttSttoo, as XvKos, luPus. 
U, as "On, Uti. (5) From TriirToo, irdiroTa, (whence 
■7tot|Uos,) : poto, piito, cadere facio. 

44.] Careo. From Kap4ca, G>, fut. of Kelpa. To 
be dipt of. (2) From x"? 09 -^Eol. of XVP 0S > De ~ 
reaved. a, as e in crepido from tcpR-rloa. (3) Xdns, 
want, is from x^i X a ^ VU} i whence x a6W » caReo, as 
jjLovaaojv, musaRum ; di'imo, diRimo. 

45.] Lignum. Usually derived from Aey6/j.€vov 
or \e\eyiJ.euou, timber for fuel, as picked up or col- 
lected. Gathered into bundles, says Turton, for 
domestic purposes. For legnum, as TE77C0, tin go. 
(2) For Avyovfjievov or X^Xvyaijxhov, as tied together 
in bundles, |vAa SeSe^ueVa. Or from ligo, as the 
first from lego. Somewhat as Regnum. (3) As 
iKTioer) was shortened into KTiderj, e/ceTi/os into Ke7vos, 
iXa/xeva into Lamina, and perhaps l\v/j.bs into Limus, 



so lignum for ilignum, oak timber. Thus from 
dpvs was dpufxbs, a thicket in general ; ^pvrSjxoi fellers 
of any trees, and ai<p6ova were said of any wood. 
(4) From a word vX^yovov, wood-produced. 
Occulto. Occulo 1.312. 

46.] Fabrico. From faber, fabri, like Clau- 
dico. Facio, faciber, faber, as Mulceo, Mulciber ; 
Saluber ; Celeber. 

Machina. Mrixav}), fJ-axavd. 
51.] Ferus. Seeferox 1. 263. 
Curvus. From yvpbs, yupfbs, as i/Afa, sylVa. 
C, as Tcapvrbs, Corytus. (2) Kvprbs, M. Kvpirbs, 
curVns, as kKCTvs, kKiUvs, cliVus. 

Alvus. As Muto, Mutuus ; so alo, aluvs, alvus : 
as the womb in which the child is nourished ; or 
(with Turton) as the stomach, the place where the 
nourishment of the body is first deposited. (2) For 
abluus for abluo, as the excrement, for so alvus is 
used ; or as the belly, ' quia sordes ea abluuniur^ 
Virgil has Proluvies alvi. 

55.] Fcedits. Foeteo, foztidus, fcedus. The Sa- 
bines said fozdus or fedus for hcedus, digammating 
the word. From this fcedus could be fcedeo, or fcetec, 
as (jirovAy, sponTe. 

Latebra. From lateo, as Vertebra. 
57.] Ecce. For en-ce, as Hie, Hicce. Gr. K77. 
58.] Pastor. From pasco, pascitum, pastum. 
59.] TJltro. From uls, ulsterus, as Sub, Sub- 
ter, &c. and idterus for softness. Properly, beyond : 
as in Ultra, Ultrbque citroque. Also, still further. 
Virgil : Et miserescimus ultrb. Also, beyond what 
we might expect : a sense which Crevier fixes on 
ultrb in Livy. Hence, out of one's pure good will, 
i. e. beyond what we could ask or think. Uls is. 
ols, as Hie was Olle ; for ollis, i. e. in ollis locis, op- 
posed to 'in his locis.' (2) Ultrb, cut down from 
i\ev64pu> ; or from volo, volitum, voltum. But ? 

61.] Uterque. titer, which of the two, from 

ovrepos, the other. By ellipsis : That is, (the one 

or) the other : hie an ille. And uterque is (both 

the one) and the other. (2) Others however 

consider uter or uterus as contracted from oirSrepos, 

'uter,' as Uncle from Avunculus. U, as "On, Uti. 

63.] Undique. For undecumque, whencesoever, 

from whatever quarter. I, as &vE/xos, Animus. 

65.] Crimen. Liddell: 'Kpfyuz, a matter for 

; judgment, an accusation, charge, Lat. crimen.' 

j Hence the crime, the thing judged. But, as I is 

long, rather from Kpiv6/x^vou ; or cerno, cernimen, 

! creimen, crimen, as Novi, Novimen, Nomen. 

67.1 Inermis. In, not; arma. As Inertis 
: from Artis. 

69.] Teleus. TeAAouo-a, t4\Kov(t\ 'which 
! makes to rise or come forth.' Donnegan translates 
I re'AAw 'to cause to exist, to produce.' That is, 
I riXKovaa 777. In the book of Job we read of ' the 
I things which grow out of the dust of the earth.' 



•IS 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



(2) From &r)Xvs, (SrjXXvs,) fruitful, productive. 
Thus the L is doubled in Fello from drjXw, M. 

<f>T]Xw. 

70.] Denique. For deinque : or for denuoque, 
dcuiicjiie. 

72.] Infensus. Like Offensus, made angry or 
hostile : from the old fendo,fensum, to strike ; also to 
heat oif, as in Defendo ; also to strike against, (as in 
Offensa resultat imago,) and thus annoy, make 
angry ; also, to stumble, blunder, commit (offen- 
sam) a mistake or injury ; also to light upon, find. 
Now, as from reivcc, revoo is tenDo ; so from Seivw, 
&ev£>, to strike, iEol. <pevtv, (as from QrjXv is $r)Xw, 
Fello,) is fenDo. (2) Others from <T<pepSoi>dw, 
acpeuSovw, contr. to cr^evScD, to throw with a sling, 
as S't'aAAa), Fallo. Or from aty&avoa, <£, formed 
from (TcpeSavbs, vehement. Like Incurro, to dash 
against. N, as in deNsus. 

74.] Impetus. Like Impeto, from peto 1. 96. 

Cretus. Cresco, crescitum, cretum. 

76] Formido. Scaliger from forma, as Cu- 
pido, Libido. Fear of Spectres. (2) Or, as from 
Mvpfir)Ka through BvpunKa is Formica, so formido 
from jMopfXT}, Hesych. KarairXriKriKr) ; or from ix6pnos, 
Hesych. (po§os nevos, an empty fear. Mopfxw also 
is a hobgoblin. 

77.] Fateor. From <par4ofxai formed from 
<pdoo, Trecparai, (paros. So j8ow, jSaTe'w. 

78.] Nego. For nejo, like our Garden and the 
French Jardin. From Jie-aio, as in Nequeo, Ne- 
scio : ne-ajo, as rpola, troJa ; and then nejo. See 
Vexo 4. 615. Terence : ' Negat quis? Nego. Ait? 
Aio.' Gr. ov <pr\Lu, Lat. difiiteor. (2) For ne-ago : 
not to do what is asked. So some derive Inficiae 
from In-facio. 

80.] Fingo. To form, fashion, frame. For 
fengo, as pHyfJ-a, pHfima becomes rlma; from irr)yw, 
to put together, construct. N, as liNgo, fraNgo ; 
disappearing in Figura, Effigies, &c. F, as Fundus 
from Uvvoa^. (2) From o-(piyyu>, to join together 
close. Plutarch : vvvdywv ixdvra to fxepj] koX acpiy- 
ywv : ' coagmentans omnes mundi partes et astrin- 
gens,' Steph. Binding them close together. 

(3) From fiyo. 

Mendax. Mentior, mentax, mendax. 

Improbus. Probus for probatus, for convenience 
of use, as Servus from Servatus. Thus we find 
' probum argentum.' (2) For prohibits from pro- 
hibeo. One who keeps himself off from what is 
vicious. (3) From irpovs, iEol. of Trpavs, meek, 
tame : trpofhs, proBus, as in morBus. But this 
sense scarcely applies. (4) From irp4ir<>>, Ttz-npo-Ka. 
Who acts in a becoming manner. As raBies from 
raPio. 

82.] LvCLYTUS. "EyKkvros. 

83.] Gloria. Hesychius explains yXavcraco 
by Adfiira), and Ap. Rhodius has hiayXavaaovcn 8' 



a.Tapnoi. Now yXavaau is from the obs. yXavw, and 
in Steph. 2994 is ' 'Eyyhavw, whence syy\avats in 
Hesychius.' From y\avco was ykavpbs and gloria. 
Herodotus has Xaf.LTrpoTa.TT] TeXevrr) rod f3iov. And 
Splendor is honor, dignity, and Splendidus distin- 
guished, illustrious. (2 ) KXeos, M. KX4op, KXeopia, 
gloria. (3) 'Anciently glosia from yXuxraa:' 
Becm. 

Prodttio. Pro-do, proditum. 

84.] Insons, Ins jntis. Sontis from aiurris, 
* nocuus, noxius, PXairriKos, KaKovpyos : ' Steph. 
Much as pOndus from pEndo. 

Indicium. Indico from ivoenw Ion. of ivZeUvvLii, 
as Herodotus has and^is, d7ro5ex0eVTa. (2) From 
dico, as dicax, and educo from duco. 

Quia. Arnold says, ' From an obsolete plural 
ques, to which quibus belongs, as Tres, Tria.' 
Rather from Koia, Koir], why, Herod. 1. 30. An- 
swering to Quippe for Quidpe. Thus : ' I drink : 
why ? I am thirsty,' is equivalent to ' I drink be- 
cause I am thirsty.' The A short as in Puta. The 
use of Quianam as Why is confirmatory. (3) For 
qua via ; or ktj, kS., qua'i, quia. ? 

85-] Nex, Necis. And neco, necui : from veuvs, 
vinvos, a corpse. 

Cassus. Careo, carsum, cassum, as Areo, Assus ; 
Jubeo, Jussus. (2) For quassus. But this does 
not well agree with the sense of ' empty.' 

86.] Propinquus. From prope, as Longinquus. 

87.] Pauper. As irrwxbs from tttwo-o-qo, to 
crouch from fear, so from paveo is paviber, (as 
Facio, Faciber; Mulciber; Saluber,) whence pau- 
ber, pauper answering to Pavidus. (2) From 
paullus, paulliber ; as having little. (3) Is. Voss : 
From &wopos, Fdiropos, pauperis. ? 

88.] Vigeo. Dumesnil for vim ago. But it is 
for vegeo, as vlndico was formerly vEndico, and 
liber was lEber. Varro explains viget ' agilis, ala- 
cris est.' — And what is vegeo? Some say it is the 
Germ, wegen, to wag. But better from ve, valde, 
and ceo, whence veceo, as Ne in Nequeo : and vegeo, 
as prodiGium for prodiCium. And ceo is from 
cieo, or from cio as from j6l<£ is bEo, or even the 
old k4w whence KeAXoo cello. — Others from ve ago, 
to drive, urge on, whence agilis : as Nego perhaps 
from Ne-ago. — Or from the old eyu, whence 
iyelpw, iireiyo}, oyfxos ; the same as dyca. — Or to be 
active in the manner (ary&s) of a goat, much as 
hlriov, Vitium. ? 

90.] Invidia. Video, to look (in) on the wealth 
of others too much or with an evil eye. 

Pellax. As Fallo, Fallax, so pello, pellax. 
Livy : Juvenem nullius forma pepulerat captiva;. 
(2) For pellicax from pellicio. (3) From pellis. 
Putting on a mere superficial appearance. 

92.] Tenebr^:. Soft for denebra, as Tsoda 
from Aa?5a, Tesqua from AdaKia. From Sevocppal 



/ENEID, BOOK II. 70—135. 



49 



transposed from $vo<pepcu, dark, as cr<pd.yavov became 
(pdayavov, apiO/xeiv ajxidpiiv, GKeiriS) Specio. B, as 
a/L&a>, am Bo ; E, as ticrnOpos, aspErus. 

94.] Demens. Out of his mind, like Amens. 

95.] Unquam. Unicam, uncam, unquam, as 
inColinus, inQUilinus. See on 1. 327. 

Remeo. To the observations on meo on Com- 
motus 1. 126, may be added, that, as B and M are 
commutable, meo is thought by Scheid to be nothing 
but £ea>, /3eia>, to go. And that meo has been 
thought contracted from moveo, as Volis, Vis. 

96.] Ultor. Ulciscor (like Apiscor, Exper- 
giscor, &c.) from ulcus. To feel a sore, to be sore 
about a thing: With an accusative, as after kottto- 
/jlcli and Plan go. (2) Voss refers ulcisco to a word 
oXXvku, to ruin another for revenge. ? 

Verbum. As Aro, Arvum, so ipw or Fepu>, (to 
speak,) vervum or verbum. So from fxSpos is morVus, 
morBus. V, as %»os, Veris. Scheid quotes Hesy- 
chius : 'Ep4w x4yu. 

97.] Labes. From labor, as Csedo, Csedes. A 
fall, downfal, ruin of morals. A stain or spot from 
things falling on clothes, &c. 

101.] Ingratus. Grates 1. 600. 

103.] Sat, Satis. From satio, and this from 
(xotto), as &XAos is alius. (2) From &dos. satiety ; 
as v A|os, Saxum ; and as a-irovAfj, sponTe. 

Sumo. For sub-emo 1. 216. 

105.] Scitor. From scio, scitum. To know 
well or better by asking information, and hence to 
ask, enquire. So Scisco, Sciscitor. 

107.] Pavito. Paveo from <pa€S> or (pa§4ca fut. 
of <p4§&, (pigofiai : whence <pa\p, <pa§bs, a dove, as 
Tprjpwv from Tpe'w. Or to fear in the manner 
(<pa§bs) of a dove. P, as QaivoX-qs, Psenula ; V, as 
BaTbv, Vadum. (2) As Jaceo is allied to Jacio, 
so paveo to pavio from iraica, iraiu, iraFiw, to strike. 
To be struck with fear, like Perculsus and "Ek- 
7rA7?|i?. 

108.] Cupio. From kvtttw, as Apio from airrw. 
We say To be inclined to do anything, and Incli- 
nation. 

112.] Acer. The maple-tree, says Dr. John- 
son, has jagged or angular leaves. Hence deer 
from aids, M. atcip, a point, edge. A thing pointed 
or edged. As irolp, puEr. 

114.] Oraculum. From oro, to speak, 1. 519. 
As Miraculum. 

115.] Adytum. "ASutou. 

118.] Lito. From Xnrbs, smooth; whence 
\itt6w, Xittco, AitcD, as nt<rris, TIittjs, Uiris, Fides. 
To pacify the gods. (2) As HBet and lUbet were 
both used, lito for luto from luo, lutum, to expiate. 
(3) To offer animals (Xna) with prayer. 

120.] Gelidus. Morin : ' According to Suidas, 
y4Xa signified gelu among the Siculi, an ancient 



dialect of the Greek.' Stephens states that yeXau 
is used by the Poets for Splendere, Nitcre. 

122.] Vates. From <pa.T7]s, whence TrpoQaTys, 
TTpocp-fiTris. See on 1. 2. We say Seer for Fore-seer. 
V, as Verna from ^epu^, as dowries anciently con- 
sisted of such. (Schrevel.) 

Tumultus. Tumor, tumulus, tumultus, as Sin- 
guli, Singultus. Cicero : Hunc rerum tumor em. 

Virgil : Instare tumultus et aperta tumescere 

bella. 

124.] Flagito. As Flagellum for Flay Helium 
from Flagrum, so flagito for flagRito from flagro, 
as Musso, Mussito. To ask (multa flagrantia) 
with much earnestness, as Imploro is to ask with 
much weeping. So frjTea?, to seek, is from (zco, 
ferveo, flagro. To seek ardently. 

126] Quint. For guinqueni, like Septeni. 

Recuso. To hold back and plead (causas) ex- 
cuses : 1. 410. 

129.] Destino. As Retinaculum from a verb 
Retino, are, from Retineo, and as Occupo, are, 
from Occapio, so destino, are, from detineo : To 
hold fast together, make steady, fix, determine, 
appoint. S inserted, as in Obstinutus from Obtbieo, 
in Substineo, &c. (2) Stino from Ivrava), or (ttolvvu) 
the Cretan form of fory/Ai. 

130.] Quisque. Quis is aliguis, any one what- 
ever. In Homer, eu fxiv ns Z6pu ^r)^d<r6c», Clarke 
translates tis quisque. Que is icy. (2) For quis- 
cunque, like Quicunque. 

133.] Salsus. Sallo, salsum> from sal, satis, 
aKs, h\bs, salt. 

Tempora. The temples. For there the pulse 
is felt, and its time of beating known. The time, 
says Quincy, the spiral fibres are returning to their 
natural state, is the distance between two pulses. 

Vitta. As from vieo, vietum is vietilis, vitilis, 
so from vietum is vietica, (like Fabrica,) vitica, 
vitca, vitta, as ooTS, osSa. Vieo is fiiac*), fiiaojiai, 
as Bopob, Voro ; and as fiafiAQ,, madEO. Or from 
7ne'a> whence Triefa. Others from vis, vi, as some 
derive Violo. Ainsworth from tew, Fte'w, ' committo, 
jungo.' As eawepa, Vespera. 

134 ] Lethum, Letum. From X-fiGrj. Shak- 
speare has To die in oblivion. (2) From (leo), 
levi, (letum,) to erase, strike out, whence deleo. 
' Quia mors delet omnia,' says Priscian. 

135.] Limosus. Limus from l\v/j.bs, a word 
formed from l\vw, 'tXvjiai. Xenophon has nariXv- 
deis. Thus in Greek KTiSeri for iicTiSeri; and the 
Latins omitted E in Remus from 'Eperfibs, A in 
Mulgeo from afAoXyew, &c. Then I, as <ppTya>, 
frlgo; (ttTttos, stipes. (2) Like Limen 1. 389, from 
Xei6a), Aeico, or the old \ia>, \4\ifffxai, \4\ifi/j.ai, 
(allied to Kicrrpov,) to smooth. Virgil has E levi 
limo. (3) From Xv^xa, filth. (4) From Xa/u^ia, 



50 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



what is left i. e. by the waters. (5) From Xiip-a^, a 
moist place, meadow. 

Lacus. Aclkos, a pond. 

Ulva. 'EXeia, eliVa, (as iXala, oliVa,) elva, 
vlra, as "EXkos, Ulcus. ' Herba palustris,' Forcell. 

140.] Culpa. KAon-a, fraud ; transp. koXttol, as 
oX\°s. oXxos, Valgus : and culpa. Thus Fraus is 
generally ' fault, offence, trespass, crime : ' Forcell. 
(2) From irXoKa, evasion, artifice, hence crime in 
general. Transp. koXttcl, as 'Zcpdyavov became 
Qdayavov. 

Pio. Shortened from 7]ttl6u, 7?7n«, to soothe, 
assuage, as from tfptvKTai is Ructo, from iper/j-bs 
Remus. Herodotus : bvainai avrbv Ixdo-Kovrai. 

(2) From bvw, to sacrifice, JE. (pica, as &^p, $vp'- 
and as from Qvos, incense, is suFFio. (3) Pie 
colo. Perott says ' pie amo ' on Naevius : Suos piet 
liberos. That is, tjttios ehai is. See on Pius 1. 10. 

143 ] Intemeratus. Temero is to treat (te- 
viere) unadvisedly and foolishly. Now, as Stella 
is for Astella through Asterula, and Lamina from 
'EXa/Aeva, so temerus is from a word a64/j.epos, un- 
wise, imprudent, from bepepos. So Mcereo perhaps 
from 'Afioipew. T, as Xa®4a), laTeo. (2) From 
refj.u>, refivw, temno: to act in a contemptuous 
manner to. 

146.] Manic a. From manus, as Fabrica. Thus 
Com pedes, and Fetters for Feeters. 

147.] Ita. Liddell : • Eira, like Lat. ita, itaque, 
and so; then, therefore, accordingly.' So SEIfibp, 
timor. (2) Short for ista: 'After that manner.' 
S dropt, like T in Enim 1. 19. A short, as in puta. 

(3) Hand says that the majority ! of Grammarians 
now agree that ita is formed from the pronoun i 
whence is : with ta affixed, as in other words tus, 
turn, ti, tern. From this majority I unhappily dis- 
sent. And I observe with pleasure that Hand in 
his turn differs from Freund, who thinks that Sic 
is for Si-ce : Si being sibilated from this abomina- 
tion of f, 1! ! ! 

148.] Obliviscob. From leo, livi, like Exper- 
giscor. I have things blotted out from my mind. 
So Oblivium. Oblitus, for oblivitus. 

149.] Nosteb. From nos. As Vos, Voster, 
Vester. 

150.] Auctob. An adviser. From augeo, auc- 
tum, to amplify, embellish, set off, commend to 
another. Cicero defines the Eloquent man 'qui 
mirabilixis ac magnificentius auger e posset atque or- 
nare quae vellet.' Riddle understands it, the fur- 
therer, promoter, i.e. who brings any thing to a 
greater or more advanced state. Auctor is also the 
producer, maker, creator, composer, doer of any- 
thing, i. e. one who increases the stock of anything, 
adds to what there is at present of it. Thus, m the 
sense of an author of a book, we may quote the 
Consolations in Travel, p. 224 : 'I have added 



some little to the quantity of human knowledge.' In 
the sense of Adviser it may be explained ' one who 
produces an effect.' (2) Some write alitor, from 
avTos, JE. avrbp, who acts of himself, is the original 
independent cause. And indeed autor would for 
euphony pass into auCtor. 

151.] Relligio, Religio. For retligio from 
retro, ligo. A religious or other scruple which 
arrests and keeps us back from doing what we 
wish. Lactantius: ' Hoc vinculo obstrictiet religati 
sumus, unde religio nomen accepit ; non, ut Cicero, 
a relegendo.' (2) These are Cicero's words : 'Qui 
qua? ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter re- 
tractarent, et tanquam relegerent, dicti sunt religiosi.' 
(3) From relacio, relicio, to draw back, as prodi- 
Cium, prodiGium. 

154.] Violo. From fiia, as Sophocles vS/xovs 
fSidfcrai. Others from vis, vi. Much as Ustum, 
Ustulo. 

155.] Testob. Testis from becrr-ris (as Trpia- 
tH2, pristIS,) formed from reQearai, as befffj-bs from 
TeQeafiai perf. of ri6r)/Ai. Hesiod has fidprvpa SeV- 
6ai, and &4adcu jxdprvpas was generally used. Thus 
&e<TT7)s was one constituted a witness. Or in a 
middle sense : one who deposes, which is from 
pono, riOrjfu. 

Ensis. "Eyxos was sometimes a sword : Brunck, 
Aj. 658. Enchis, enhis, ensis, as Xcura, Hseta, 
Saeta. Thus also Xopros, Hortus ; 'Tirep, Huper, 
Super. See the formation of Brevis 1. 111. 

164.] Inventob. Invenio, to come upon. 

166.] Palladium. UaXXddiov. 

167/ Effigies. From Jingo : vs. 80. 

169.] Retbo. See on 1.26. 

171.] Monstbum. From moneo, monsum, 
whence also monstro 1. 321. A prodigy by which 
the gods showed their will and future events. 
Cicero : Quia ostendunt, portendunt, monstrant, 
prodicunt, Ostenta, Portenta, Monstra, Prodigia 
dicuntur. 

172.] Simulacbum. From simulo, (like Lava- 
crum,) from similis. A likeness, resemblance. 

174.] Sudob. From sudo, as Amo, Amor. 
From the old iiSos, water, whence the dat. vSei, and 
vdaprjs, watery. Hence a word iM<o or v86a>, v$u>, 
sudo. — At the same time vdos, JE. vdop, would give 
sudor ; and, if we could form sudo from it, we need 
not resort to the Greek verb. See on Clamo 1. 87. 
— S, as im\p, Super. 

175.] Pabma. Varro: 'Quod a medio in 
omnes partes par.' As Homer: acnriZa irdvroae 
ta-nv. Par, paris, parima, parma, as Alo, Alima, 
Alma. — Suidas states it to be of Punic, Clemens 
of Thracian invention. Who shall decide when, 
&c. ! 

180.] Quod. Ellipt. for propter quod, as h for 
5i6, Eur. Hec. 13 



iENEID, BOOK II. 140—223. 



51 



181.] Remensus. Metior, mesus, meNsus, as 
deNsus. Or mensm is soft for meTsus. Metior is 
allied to [x4rpov and fierpeca. Hemsterhuis refers it 
to ' fiiSw, -whence /jl45l/j.uou, and (through /uefioSa) 
modias and modus.' Indeed fiedco and ^erp4w seem 
allied. 

185.] Immensus. Which cannot be measured. 
See the word above. 

186.] Robur. Properly, the red or scarlet 
oak : then anything made of oak or hard as oak. 
From robus, red, allied to ruber, rufus: much as 
fiTXa became mOla; and &Tpa, M. cprpa became 
fOris. (2) From p6w, puvvvpi, to make strong. 
Voss : iEol. pu>§os i. q. pco/xos. Dumesnil defines it 
' oak of the hardest kind, heart of oak.' 

194.] Nepos. Any descendant; grandson, 
nephew. The v4novs of Homer, explained t4kvov 
and anoyovos. 

195.] Perjurus. For per see on Perfidus 4. 
305. Juro from jus, juris. Dumesnil: ' To assert 
for a public cause and by order of a public autho- 
rity.' Otherwise explained, To engage to hold 
what is promised as binding as the law. The 
Latins said Jus-jurandum. (2) As some derive 
obscUrus from iTnaKlEpbs 1.411; so juro, to pro- 
mise by the (lepbv) Temple. J for the aspirate, 
as in Jecur from the iEolic 7\nap. (3) For Jovem 
oro, jouro, juro. ? 

198.] Decem. Ae'/ca, as 'Ettto., Septem. 

202.] Sollennis, Solennis. From solus or 
sollus, ab o\os, whence also solidus, as 'OA/cos, Sul- 
cus : and annus. Every year being observed with- 
out intermission ; opposed to Biennial, Triennial, 
&c, and as the Latins say Quotquot eunt dies, or 
anni, Quotidie, Quotannis. (2) Others from solus. 
Held once only in the year. (3) Or from soleo. 
(4) Some write soleMnis, and refer it to amnus as 
the old form of annus 1. 31. And others to amnis ; 
as being performed by a sacred stream. Others 
deduce solemnis from b\6ai^.vos, corrupted to #Ae/i- 
vos, or to 6g6miavos. 

Macto. Mactus is properly, augmented, in- 
creased in resources, blessed ; i. e. ' in majus auc- 
tus' maiauctus, mauctus ; or for ' in majus actus,' 
carried to a further point. As from Magis or 
Mage volo, is Malo. And macto is to augment 
with riches, honors, provisions, and thus to honor 
the gods by presenting them with sacrifices ; and 
hence to sacrifice and kill. (2) Riddle deduces 
mactus from the old mago, maxi, mactum, allied to 
fx4yas and Magnus. (3) Haigh: ' From /xdaaw, 
[xefiaKTcu, to pound, bruise, and so to kill.' 

203.] Autem. From aire, * again, furthermore, 
like Lat. autem :' Lidd. And Hand explains * Ego 
autem' by ' Ego ex altera parte,' which agrees with 
another sense of avre in Liddell: ' on the contrary.' 
Scheid : • Homer : NeoTcop avre /j.d\i<jTa, Nestor 



autem maxime.' Thus Se/ca, deceM ; e7TTa, septeM ; 
ita, iteM. 

Tranquillus. Said properly of the sea. As 
from Venum-eo is Veneo, from Patere-facio is 
Patefacio, and from Ire-licet is Ilicet, so from 
tranari-queo could be tranqueo, tranquitum, whence 
(as Querulus, Figulus, Gerulus,) tranquitulus, tran- 
quillus. 

204.] Anguis. As from AjXw is liNGUa, so 
from eXis is eNGUis, and anguis, as Anguilla from 
"Eyx&vs, fl A mm a from (pXEy/xa, (pKEp-fxa. (2) Du- 
mesnil from eyxos : ' A reptile resembling a dart.' 

206.] Juba. See on Jubeo 1. 63. 

208.] Pone. As Sine from Sino, so pone from 
pono i. e. postsino 1. 49, to leave behind. 

Sinuo. Sinus, dat. sinui. 

Volumen. From volvo i. e. voluo, as Acuo, 
Acumen. 

211.] Sibilus. Ainsworth: • Sibilus from 
<xt(p\bs, and sibilo from oi<ph6<a, ignominia afiicio :' 
as Sibi from 2</n', Mina from lAva. So Stephens 
says on GupAwCju : * It is rendered Explodo, Exsi- 
bilo, so that our Siffler agrees with it. Gl. exibilo.' 
And he explains iirtaicpKiov ' irrisione dignum.' 
As sibilo, however, agrees in sense with <rt<pA6u> 
much more than sibilus with ai<p\os, sibilo was from 
the Greek, and sibilus from sibilo. 

Lambo. For labo, (as in Gr. \dM$o/j.at, capiam,) 
from \a<pio formed from Xairrw, \4\a<pa, to lap up. 
B, as &/x$w, amBo. (2) From KaSob, to take i. e. 
with the lips. 

Vibro. As pocpew, transp. 6p<pi<a, Sorbeo; so 
pupta fut. of piiTTca, transp. l<ppa>. Hence, (as t>%Aos, 
f^Axos, Vulgus,) Ficppca, viph.ro and vibro, as a.fi'Pca, 
amBo, and weBA^ for Ke4>aA^j. 'PtTr^j (from piirTca) 
has, says Bp. Blomfield, everywhere the sense of 
vibration. (2) Ainsworth from l€vw, to strike. 
(3) Haigh . ' From v§pw for vgpify, which might 
mean to brandish a weapon in an insulting manner.' 

213.] Parvus. As vsvpov, nerVus, so par Vus 
from Travpos, small. 

Duo. Avo. 

214.] Serpens. A creeping thing. "Epira, 
Serpo, as 'Eirra, Septem. 

217.] Spira. 'S.TTeipa. 

218.] Squamma, Squama. As Alo, Alima 
whence Alma, so squalleo, squallima, squalma, 
squamma. (2) Scaber or scabrus, scabrima,scabma, 
scamma and squamma, as inColinus, inQUilinus. 

221.] Sanies. As ^rjfiepov for Tv/xepov, "ZrjTes 
for Tt)T6S, and perhaps Sonus from ToVos, so sanies 
soft for tdnies from ravabs, fine, thin, as Suidas ex- 
plains ravaxxpr) by XeitTovcpri. Thus Celsus remarks, 
4 Sanies est tenuior sanguine.' I, as /j.axA-va, 
machlna. 

223.] Mugio. From the sound mu, mu, whence 
fivicda) ; if not, through fivicdw, for mucio, mugio. 
E 2 



52 



VIRG1LIAN HOURS. 



Saucius. For sautius, as preCium for preTium, 
oCium for oTium, &c. And, as Hand from Ovb\ 
sautius from ovrtos formed from ouTe'a>, to wound, 
as curios through atria from airecc. S prefixed, as 
in Sarcio, Saxum. 

224] Taurus. Tavpos. 

Securis. From seco. 

225.] Delubrum. From deluo, (like Diluo,) 
as Polluo. Pollubrum. Fronto: ' Delubrum, in 
quo homines piacula sua deluunt.' Or as a fount 
before the chapel where they washed with lustral 
water before sacrificing. 

227.] Clypeus. From y\v(p£> fut. of yXixpu. 
From the figures embossed on it, as Pliny states 
was the case 35. 4. (2) For clybeus, (as scriBsi, 
ScriPsi,) from KaAv§6b, kAv§q>, fut. of Kahvirro), to 
conceal i. e. the body. (3) Rather from a word 
kvk\€OS (or kvkXglos,) transp. k\uk€0 s, much as eKira- 
y\os for enirAayos ; /Eol. kKvttzos, as XvKos, luPus. 
Homer: &cr7ri8as evuvicXovs. Virgil: Clypeique sub 
orbe teguntur. The last word, however, favors 
the second derivation. 

229.] Pavor. See on vs. 107. 

236.' Stupeus. ~2rvirr), stupa. 

238." Puella. Puer, puerula, puella. 

239.] Funis. Becman : ' Originally sfunis from 
axolvos.' Thus for Sfallo was Fallo ; and OH is 
here changed to PH. much as C is changed to P 
in \vKos, luPus. Thus Fel is deduced by some 
from XoAt) or XeAt: see on Fames 1. 216. U, as 
7rOIj/r?, pUnio: 4>Olvi£, pUnicus. (2) Rather how- 
ever from (pdivit,, the palm-tree, ' the leaves of 
which are used for ropes : ' Forcell. S, as aXdnrrjU, 
fa'5A.7T7]H, vulpeS. 

248.] Ultimus. The most beyond ; from uls, 
ul stems, ulterus, and ultimus as Exterus, Extimus. 
See on vs 59. 

249.] Festus. From ecrridco, kariS), Fecrrtco, to 
feast : as Vesta from karia a hearth. Thus, parens 
for par lens. (2) From (pcuaros, lucidus : which is 
in the Lexicons, though Stephens knows not on 
what authority. Heliodorus however has acpaiaros. 
Festus then is bright, cheerful, gay. 

Velo. From velum 1. 35. 

253.] Fessus. Fatisco 1. 123. 

254.] Phalanx. $d\ay£. 

258.] Pineus. Pinus contr. from irir vivos. 
(2) Hemsterhuis and Valckenaer suppose an old 
Greek woi*d tuvos, whence iriva£, a tablet. 

260.] Promo. Pro-emo, 1. 216. 

265.] Invado. Much as ViVo from &ia>, is 
vado from jSdfw, fiaiva). Only for V is D, as in 
truDo, proDest, proDit. (2) From )9dT<2 iEol. of 
fivrw, as in aixrpiaSrjru and fir}Tap[JL6s. As BaTbv, 
VaDum. 

Sepelio. From airftXaiov a cave ; 0-71-77 being 
softened into sepe, as slbi from acpi, mlna from 



Hva, tEmetum from r/ir^rSv. John 11.38: 'Jesus 
cometh to the grave : it was a cave.' (2) Home 
Tooke from sepes or sepio, to inclose ; quoting 
Gray : These bones from insult to protect. But the 
quantities differ. 

266.] Vigil. From vigeo, as Ago, Agilis. 
Varro explains Viget ' agilis, alacris est,' i. e. active, 
brisk, alive. (2) For ve-agilis, ve'igilis, as Ago, 
exlgo. So Bigae for Bi-agse 272. Ve as in Vescus. 

269.] Gratus. See on vs. 101. 

Serpo. See on vs. 214. 

271.] Fletus. Fleo from <J>Aea>, to gush, over- 
flow. (2) From /3Ae'a> whence fS\rio-u. Homer: 
BAAEEIN 5' airo Sdicpv irapeiwi/. As Bpefiw, Fremo. 
(3) From <pp£(a Mo\. of $oe'a>, whence bprjvos, 
lamentation : and fleo, as fiAefxeaiuw is referred to 
)8Pe/<ia>. 

272.] Big.2e. For biagce, from bis, ago. Drawn 
by two horses. So Quadrigae. (2) For bijugce, 
and Quadrijugse. 

274.] Hei. From et, would that ! H added as 
in Haud. (2) O?, hoi, hei, as crOv, Mo\. vEv. 

275.] Redeo. For reeo, as in proDest, &c. 
But here D is for T in reTro. Virgil: Retro 
redit. 

Exuvi^. For exuice from exuo, as Induviae, 
Diiuvies, Fluvius. 

277.] Barba. The beard, for the cheek where 
it grows ; from irapeia, whence (as BiBo from Iliw,) 
BariBa, BarBa. (2) As KOyxn, lAncea ; vOlvae, 
vAlvae ; so barba from <pop§a, pasture, i. e. the 
growth of the face. As $ahaiva, Balaena. (3) 
From j8ape?a. As indicative of gravhy and autho- 
rity. ? 

283.] Exspecto. Specio, spectum. To look 
out for. 

287.] Nihil. Ni, (as in Nimirum,) or nisi 
hilum. Hilum is a black spot in a bean, ' a very 
nothing,' says Ainsworth. From <pav\ov, worth- 
less. Not only could <pav\os produce Vilis, but 
QavXov Philum and Hilum, as $eC became Heu. The 
A dropt as clAUdo, inclUdo, and as O in ^OTcra, 
mllsa: and I for T, as <ppty<a, frlgo. Thus our 
Fist is the German Faust. 

289.] Heu. <i>eu. 

290.] Culmen. See Columna 1. 428. 

292.] Defendo. See Infensus 72. 

293." Commendo. Mando is manui do. Ci- 
cero : Hominem tibi trado de manu in manum tuam. 

297-3 Penetrale. See Penetro 1. 243. 

299.] Secretus. Secerno, secretum : i. e. seor- 
sum cerno, to distinguish, 1. 258. 

302.] Ingruo. This, and Congruo, are usually 
referred to grus, gruis. To attack as cranes, (Mil- 
ton : That small infantry warr'd on by cranes,) 
or to form together as cranes in a wedge on their 
flight: Cic. de N. D. 49. (2) From iynpovu), to 



jENEID, BOOK II. 224— 379. 



53 



strike against. (3) From ruo : G inserted as in 
impreGnable. 

304.] Seges. Sero, seriges, segcs, as Strages. 

305.] Torrens. Torrens amnis, as Fretuin for 
Fervitum, and Estuary from iEstuo. 

306.] Satus. See Sator 1. 254. 

Bos. Bods, M. Pus. 

309.] Manifestos. Voss from manus, and fendo, 
fenstum, festum. Which can be hit or felt by the 
hand. (2) From firjvvu, IE. ixdvvu>, and fx-avucpdoo, 
as elKvw, el\v<pdw ; and ixavvcpaiaros, like "HcpaiaTos. 
Disclosed, revealed. 

311.] Vulcan us. Fulgeo, Fulganus, Vulcanus. 
(2) Fullgo, Fuliganus, Fulganus. 

313.] Clangor. Clango, KKdyyw whence KAdy^co. 

Tuba. As Ian A from AaV02, so tuba from 
ktvttos, a sound. K dropt, as Nidor from Ki/ifa, 
%Kvi8a, kvISos, and P in Tlrvaais, Tussis. (2) But 
usually referred to tubus, a tube ; and this ( like 
Tuber for Tumiber,) for tumibus from tumeo. Bus, 
as in Acerbus, and Gr. KAafi§bs, koAoSos, rv/x€os. 
But Scaliger from rinros : a hollow made by beat- 
ing out. 

314.] Amens. See Demens 92. 

Ratio. Reor, ratus 25. 

317.] Morior. From /xSpos, death. 

322.] Prendo. Prehando, prehendo, as com- 
niAndo, commEndo. Hando from x av $<* vu ; more 
directly, from x a ^w, to hold, whence hddo, as Xdpros, 
Hortus ; and hando as tago, taNgo. 

328.] Arduus. Lofty, steep, difficult. From 
&pHt}v, lifted up. As Vacuus, Assiduus. (2) From 
opOios, steep. As lAncea from AOyx^i, laTeo from 
Aa&eco. ? 

330.] Insulto. Salio, solium. Salio from aAAw, 
aAAo/xai ; as &AAos, alius. S, as 'Tirep, Super. 

331.] Nunquam. See on Nullus 1. 184. 

332.] Angustus. Formed after Onustus, Ro- 
bustus, from ango, ct7x&>, to make close or tight. 
So our aGate from aXdTrjs. 

333.] Mucro. Dahler in Steph. ccccxxxiv: 
* NoKptoua ' rbv btyjv ' 'Epv9pa?ot, Hesychius. That 
is to say, mucroriem.' (2) As Bvp/xr]^ for Mvp/xri^, 
conversely mucro for pucro, pucronis, from pugo, 
pungo. C, as paCiscor for paGiscor. 

334.] Proslium, Pr^lium. ' In Plautus, Men. 
1. 3. 4,' says Forcellini, ' it is written in vet. lib. 
pro'ilium, i. e. irpotkiov, irpb rrjs tArjs, ante agmen.' 
As irOlvr), pUnio. Thus Homer : iul nPfiT^ o/xdScp 
Tpweatri /xdxeaOai' fir} Se Sid nPOMAXnN • Tpaxnv 
nPOMAXIZEN • nPHTFl ev va/xivr) KAoviov eAe. Vir- 
gil : Et prsedulce decus PRIMO certamine. (2) Dr. 
Jones : ' From wpvAis, a foot-soldier.' But CE should 
precede and not follow U. (3) In Sanskrit pra- 
laya. 

33 

344. 



.] Erinnys. 'EpiVVVS. 

.] Gener. Becman : Generis propagator. 



Forcellini : As introduced into the (genus, em,) 
family of the wife's father. 

345.] Sponsa. One betrothed. Spondeo 1. 
585. ' 

347.] Confercio. ^pdacca, tre<ppa,xa, whence 
(ppaxifa, (ppaxw, <pa-PX l <*>, farcio. Liddell : ' In 
Attic the letters are sometimes transposed ; e. g. 
<pdp£aadcu for (ppd^aaQat, Trecpapy/jLai for TT€<ppay[x.ai, 
(papKrbs for (ppaicros.' Qaptcrbs is farctus, fortus. 

355.] Ceu. As 'Airb, 'Att\ Ab, A ; so kou eure, 
('and as,') or Kevre, kcvt\ tcev, ceu. (2) For ce-ve, 
as Neve, Neu. And ce is xv> *• e - Ka * V-> ' aii( i as -' 
Thus pe is Try. 

356.] Venter. "Eurepov, Hvrepov. 

357.] Catulus. Riddle : 'Diminutive of catus : 
A young cat. Or for caniculus, a young dog.' 
But this last would be canulus. Rather for cani- 
tulus. But catulus seems to come from ydrbs, 
formed from ydw, ykyo.a. : an offspring, like yoi/js 
and eityovos. 

358.] Faux. The gen. <pdpvyo<; proves the obs. 
<pdpv£, whence <pdv^, faux, as proVidens, pro'idens, 
prudens. (2) Voss from <pda>, to speak. Virgil : 
Vo'x.faucibus hsesit. 

Siccus. As Modicus, Unicus, Tetricus, so skis, 
siticus, sitcus, siccus. (2) From cavnos, a Syra- 
cusan word for %npbs, in Hesychius. 

361.] Clades. As Calamitas from /cdiAa/xos, so 
clddes from KAaSos: as said of the breaking of 
branches by a hurricane. Or from /cAaScw, u>, to 
cut off young shoots. Or, as A is long, from 
nAaarbs, (broken,) Kkarrbs, as 'perfibs, 'pe/j-jj-bs, 
remus. D, as fiaTbv, vaDum : menTior, menTax, 
menDax. 

364.] Iners, Inertis. For in-artis, as Inermis 
for In-armis. 

Passim. Pando,pansum, possum. In a scattered 
manner. 

373.] Festino. Riddle: 'Perhaps from fendo, 
to push, thrust.' Through fendo, fenstum, festum. 
See on Manifestus 309. But rather fendo is to 
light on suddenly, aud festinus is sudden, imme- 
diate, quick. (2) As vTloyyos, cr$6yyos, so crlTeu- 
a-Tbs and (rQevarbs, from o-irevSu to speed. Hence 
(as 24>ctAAa>, Fallo,) festim, confestim, festinus, fes- 
tino. So pArum from irATpoy. (3) From e'cn-cu, 
F4arai, from ecu, Itj/xi, whence kcr/ibs from efffxat. 
Hence festim, as pificpa from pi-ma). 

Serus. 'O^/ripbs, 'ityripbs, from oi//e, late. Hence 
pserus, serus, as Urvaats, Tussis. 

374.] Segnities. Segnis for se-ignis, without 
fire, cold, dull, torpid, without ardor of mind. As 
Sudum for Se-udum, Secors, &c. (2) Haigh from 
6kvos, prefixing S as in Saxum, Sidus. Socnus, 
sognus, as kvKvos, cyGnus ; and segnus, as vOster, 
v Ester; then adj. segnis. 

379.] Sentis. Dumesnil from aiuTtjs, transp. 



54. 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



oi\vTis, (as itEt Aw, pAtEo,) sentis : noxious, hurt- 
ful. (2) As from b^ypbs, '\pypbs is Serus, 373; so 
from 6£v6svtos, contr. to b^vros, (as Parentis from 
Parlentis) is '^evros, sentis as 'Xample, Sample ; 
'Xpend, Spend. (3) Written, as it is pronounced, 
sentis for centis from kgvtzqo, <£. ? (4) Some from 
sentio, quoting the pun of Plautus : 'Nihil sentio. 
Non enim es in senticeto ; eo non sentis.' But ? 

380.] Nitor. See on 1. 144. 

Trepidus. Festus : ' Trepit, vertit: unde ire- 
pidvs, quia turhatione mens vertitur, (rpeTreTat).' 
Or trepo was in a passive sense, to he routed as in 
battle ; and trepidus, one in that state of confusion 
and alarm. Trepo might have heen formed also 
from rpeo, tremo ; as Auas, laPis ; Safr, daPis. 

381.] Cosrulus, Cerulus. Euphoniously for 
coelulus, (much as meRidies for meDidies,) from 
caelum. Of the color of the sky. 

382.] Secus. As 'close hy,' from sequor, like 
Secundum for Sequundum. — As ' otherwise,' from 
skcls, fur from, far from the case in hand, as 'E7tt&, 
Septem. But others from seco, to divide. — Secus 
means also ' badly :' i. e. far from what is right or 
true. Seciiis is ' less,' and is the same by abbre- 
viation as sequius, worse, from sequor, one who fol- 
lows : as in ' Nulli secundus' from sequor. The E 
before QU can be long, as the I in llquidus i. e. 
liqVidus. 

383.] Densus. Aarrvs, dansus, as in taNgo, 
fraNgo, truNcus ; and densus, as gr Assus, grEssus. 

391.] Como. From coma, or Koodoo, w. 

393.] Acco3iMODO. Commodus is, being done 
(cxim modo) with just measure or proportion. Ci- 
cero has ' bono modo.' Thus Comminus is Cum 
manu. Commodo is to supply or fit out in a proper 
manner. Arnold explains commodus ' commensu- 
rate with.' 

398.] Orcus. From 'Spicos: as being sworn 
by. Forcellini : It was a great matter of conscience 
to swear by Pluto and by Styx. Homer : 'Zrvybs 
vZcap oare fxiyicrros "Opuos. (2) From epKw, eopica, 
coerceo. Horace: Satelles Orci Tantalum co- 
ercet : Pluto ter amplum Geryonem compescit 
unda. 

400.] Tcrpis. Ugly, filthy. Transposed from 
Tpoiraj, to turn, as Torqueo from Tpoxdw. From 
which we turn in disgust, aversamur, aTvorpeir6fj.eQa. 
So airoTpoiros, from which one turns away. — Or 
thus : turned aside, awry, distorted. 

401.] Rursus. For retroversus, retrorsus. As 
Prorsus is Proversus. 

402.] Invitus. From efieiarbs, formed from 
Bia. As Vivo from Bia>. (2) From vieo, vietum, 
vitum, whence Vitis, Vitilis. Tied and bound. 
(3) From vito, to avoid. (4) The obsolete vitus 
from ireia-Tcs, ttclttos, persuaded. As IIoAeua>, 
Voluo, Volvo. 



406.] TENER. Tepevos, Tit/epos, (as CKeiriw, 
Specio,) gen. of rlp-qv, tener. (2) From reivw, 
T€»/cD. Which can be extended, pliant, yielding. 

407.] Species. From specio, as Facio, Facies. 
The look or appearance. 

415.] Exercitus. From exerceo. Well ex- 
ercised. Nepos : exercitatissimum exercitum. Gib- 
bon : So sensible were the Romans of the imper- 
fection of valor, without skill and practice, that in 
their language the name of an army was borrowed 
from the word exercise. 

417.] Confligo. See Afflictus 1. 452. 

419/ Fundus. See on 1. 58. 

421.] Agito. Ago, agitum. 

422.] Mentior. Allied to commentus from 
comminiscor. See on memini 1. 203. (2) As 
spleNdeo from GivXyfieoo, meNtior for meiior from 
lxt)Tia>ixai to devise. (3) Hall from mens, mentis: 
since mentior supposes the mens or intention, ' men- 
dacium dico' does not. 

423.] Agnosco. For ad-gnosco. TivdxrKu, 
gnosco, nosco. So Cognosco, Ignosco. 

424.] Ilicet. For ire licet, as Videlicet is 
Videre licet. You may go: as said by the public 
crier in dismissing the assembly. As after this it 
was immediately dissolved, ilicet meant, imme- 
diately. It means also, It is all over with us, 
like Actum est : It is too late, you may go. 

428.] Pereo. To go, pass or run through, or 
to be quite gone, or to go to thorough destruction. 
So Perdo, and Intereo, Interficio, Interimo. 

430.] Infula. From ifupvco to cling to. As 
priMceps, priNceps. (2) As carnUfex for carnl- 
fex, bidUum for bidlum, infula for infila from filum. 
Festus : Infulce sunt filamenta lanea. The U is 
short, but so E in pejero from juro : the O in an- 
chora from &yKvpa. 

431.] Cinis. K<W. 

433.] Vito. From «^6iSo>, <pei8ofxcu, to draw back 
or from. Much as from TleiQcc is Fido. (2) As 
Moveo, Movito, Muto ; Providens, Pro'idens, Pru- 
dens; so fugio, fugito, fu'ito, fuito, vito. 

Vicrs.j Properly, a succession or exchanging ; 
one thing corresponding to another, taking turns 
with another, as in Vicissim. From Fences, like, or 
even ft/cebs, as fceAos is found as well as eY/ceAos. 
However, Vitium is from Putiov, timor from Sei^bp, 
ita from elra. — Or, as Dr. Jones understands efrca> 
here, to yield : That gives way to another coming 
in turn. Thus Vicarius is one who supplies an- 
other's room in his absence. 

434.] Mcereo. 1. 74. 

437.] Protinus. Pro, i. e. porro, tenus. 

438.] Nusquam. See Nullus 1. 184. 

440.] Indomitus. Aa/j-o), domo. 

442.] Paries. Haigh well from irepaos gen. 
of 7ripas, a boundary. As fiEveca, mAneo. Or 



yENEID, BOOK II. 380—493. 



55 



iripaos transp. to irdpeos, as irErAto, pAtEo ; aVEjiios 
animus. (2) From ireipa>, napoo, to run through, 
and so divide. A partition wall. (3) As eVwirio, 
in Homer, (' parietes,' Clarke,) are the inner walls 
fronting those who enter, so paries from irdpos, in 
front of. (4) From par, paris. From the equality 
of the parallel walls of a house. '1<t6toixos is found 
in the Schol. of II. A. 306. Homer has roixov rod 
erepov, 1 pariete ex adverso,' Clarke. (5) As re?xos, 
rolxos, a wall, are allied to Teux«», t€k« whence 
apxtfeKTwv, so paries from paro, ' instruo, molior' 
(Forcell. ). Caesar: Turres testudinesque par are 
ac facere coeperunt. — Or, (as Specio, Species; 
Facio, Facies,) from pario in its primitive sense, to 
hring to view, make, just as tzkco, tIktco, t€ux« are 
all allied, and produced not only t4kos, tckvov, &c. 
but Te?x<>s, toIxos. 

Scala. Scando, scandula, scala, much as Vex- 
illum, Velum. Virgil : Scalis ascendere muros. 

Postis. A door-post. Simply, put or placed 
up, fixed, from positus, postus. Forcellini defines 
it ' lignum aut lapis erectus ab utroque latere 
portae.' (2) Voss from post: ' Proprie in janua 
dicuntur antes et pastes : antes ante, postes post 
stant.' Ainsworth: ' Quod post ostia stat.' 

443.] Sinistra. Sinister from sino, to let 
alone, as Sequor, Sequester. Thus ' the right 
hand,' says Home Tooke, ' is that which we use in 
preference, when one hand only is employed. And 
the left hand is that which is leaved, leav'd, 
left, or which we leave out of use on such occa- 
sions.' — Festus and Servius take it as applying to 
the auguries, and understand ' sinistrum augurium ' 
as 'quod Deus sinat fieri.' (2) Sinisterus for siris- 
terus (as doRum, doNum,) from apiarepos, as Si- 
charbas from 'AxdpSas. (3) From sine astris. ? 

444.] Prenso. Prehendo, prehensum, prensum. 

445.] Turris. Tvpais. M. rvppis. 

451.] Instauro. ^Tavpoa), &, stauro, to drive 
in pales with a view to prop up things falling or in 
a bad state. (2) From cnavpos as put for crTaepos 
from ardou, stable or firm. 

453.] Usus. Utor 1. 64. 

457.] Socer or Socerus. For secerns from 
eKvpos, as 'Enra, Septem ; "EXaiov, Oleum; pejEro 
from jUro. 

Avus. 'AttQvs, a<pvs, avus, as Qdrvis, Vates. 

459.] Irritus. In, not; rdtus, thought of, 
purposed, determined, fixed. 

463.] Labo. See on Labor 1. 147. 

469.] Vestibulum. From Vesta, as Thuris, 
Thuribulum ; Sto, Stabulum. Servius : As being 
consecrated to Vesta. Ovid : ' Focus in primis 
sedibus ante fuit. Hinc quoque vestibulum dici 
reor: inde precando Dicimus, o Vesta quae loca 
prima tenes.' For Vesta was called from carta, 
focus. (2) Gelliusfrom ve, stabulum, as in Vescus : 



' Quia grande spatium et lata stabulatio erat ante 
eedes relicta.' 

470.] Exulto. Exsulto, from saliu, saltum. To 
leap for joy. 

471.] Coluber. Haigh: ' From koXvS-o, Mo\. of 
Ka\v€ri, a covering, cavern. As fond of holes and 
secret retreats.' SoKAAa / uos,/cOAo / u.c*s,\vhenceculmus. 

Gramen. From ypdca, to eat; through yeypa- 
/u.4vov. As ypdans, grass, is referred by Eustathius 
to ypdto, iaOito. So fioTdvr} from f$6oo, fioaitto. The 
ox that eateth grass, is frequently said in the Old 
Testament. (2) Dr. Turton : ' For gradimen from 
gradior, to creep along. From the extension of its 
roots.' Whence inoculation in grass. 

472.] Bruma. Brevis, brevima, breuima ; — or 
brevissima, as Inferissima, Ima. The short or 
shortest day or days in the year. 

473.] Nitidus. Niteo 1. 473. As Frigidus. 

474.] Lubricus. For labricus from labo?-, as 
cAlco, cUlcita ; insAlto, insUlto ; KAAapos, cUl- 
mus ; "A/j.§(vu, Umbo. 

Bipennis. Dumesnil : ' From bis, penna, a pi- 
nion, wing. A halbert, pole-axe.' In this last 
sense penna is metaphorical : Spread out like the 
two wings of a bird, much as Alas is applied to the 
flanks of an army. Pliny uses bipennis, as having 
two wings. Penna is soft for mewa JEo\. of 
Trreiva, i. e. TreTeira winged. (2) Others consider 
there was an old word pinnus, pointed, and refer it 
to the Celtic or to the Hebrew. Dr. Johnson says 
of our word Pin : « From pennum, low Latin.' 

481.] Firmus. From ep/xa, Fep/xa, a prop, sup- 
port. As TE77W, tlngo. (2) From elp/ibs, Feipixbs, 
a row, order, connexion. Well connected and 
joined. (3) Riddle : ' From fido, for fidimus, fid- 
mus. , As meDidies, meRidies ; aDcesso, aRcesso. 

482.] Fenestra. From (pavlcnpa, formed from 
(pavifa from (paivco, <pavto, to open to view. Or at 
once from (pavoo, as Sino, Sinistra ; Sequor, Se- 
questra. 

487.] Plangor. As pago, paNgo ; so plaNgo, 
to beat the body in grief, from irXayG} fut. of 
irXfjaau}. 

488.] Ultjlo. Shortened from 6\o\6fa. (2) 
Or from vhdto, v\S>, to bark ; redupl. vXvASi, as 
rioAus, TloTToXhs, Populus ; T/aAco, Titillo. Thus 
v\a.KT4to is to howl. (3) Dumesnil from ulula, 
which has the same origin as ululo. 

492.] Aries. A corruption from ippas, a ram, 
in Hesychius; or ippoobs in Lycophron 1316. (2) 
From "Ap-r]s. As being belligerent. 

493.] Janua. From Janus, who presided over 
gates and entrances. Gloss. Philoxeni : ' Ja?ius, 
Srvpaios ^eo's.' Macrobius : ' A pud Greecos Apollo 
colitur Srvpalos, ej usque aras ante fores suas cele- 
brant. Apud nos Janum omnibus prsesse januis 
nomen ostendit, quod simile ^ypatw, nam cum clavi 
E 4 



56 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



figuratur, quasi omnium portarum custos.' Janus 
seems to be Zavbs JEol. of Z-qvbs, as Zvybv, Jugum. 

494.] Trucipo. From trux, trucis, much as the 
substantive Cupido. Or from trucis and acdo, as 
Oecido. Truciter ccvdo. 

496.] Amnis. From am i.e. ap.<p\, and no, as 
Transno, Trano. From its circuitous course. 
Virgil : Domos qui prcenatat amnern. Wachter 
calls this ' etymologia percommoda.' (2) Ambi-eo, 
ambeo, ambimen. ambmen, (as Fulgimen, Fulmen,) 
ambminis, amnis. Horace: Aut properantis aquae 
per amoenos ambitus agros. 

499.] Stabulum. Sto, statum, statibuhm, as 
Thuris, Thuribulum. Where cattle stand. iEschy- 
lus has Powrdaeis, Homer ararbs tWos, Nepos 
* stems jumentum.' Sta, as in Static 

501.] Nurus. From whs, nuus, as euw, uRo. 

503." Thalamus. ©dAapos. 

504.] BARBARICCS. Bap6apuc6s. 

505.] Deficio. De contradicts facio. 

506." Forsitan. Fors sit an. 

509.] Senex. Ab evos or evos, a year, as in 
Sievos, ttoAvcvos. Full of years, annosus. S as in 
Sidus, Sarcio ; or as e£, Sex. (2) Se?iex, senicis, 
for seminex, seminecis, with one foot in the grave. 

512 ] Axis. See on Ala 1. 301. 

513.] Juxta. From jungo, junxi, junxtum, jux- 
tum : joining on to. So Conjux. 

Laurus. Haigh from %Acopta, green, verdant : 
as X\a?i>a, Lama. It is true that 5 generally suc- 
ceeds into the place of AU, as plAUdo, explOdo ; 
yet from Auriga 5. 146, Caurus 5. 126, Aurichal- 
cum 12. 87, and this -word (with perhaps others) 
we may conclude that occasionally the AU may 
have been adopted to give a fuller sound to the 
word. (2) Ainsworth derives laurus from lavo, 
lauo, as being of vast use in cleansing the blood, 
and as being in consequence used in the purifica- 
tions, referring to Plin. 15. 39. (3) Adcppos, laurus, 
is quoted in Stephens 3142, and Hesychius explains 
Adcpvr) by Ad<pvT\ as oAvaaeds became oAvaaevs, 
uLysses, and Adtcpvpa, Lacryma. It seems there- 
fore not improbable, in coupling these together, 
that §d<pvos or Adtyvos was changed successively to 
lavnus, Iav?'us, laurus. Thus Harris became Vates ; 
caNmen, caRmen ; aVceps, aUceps. Or thus : 
lavnus, launus, laurus. 

516.] Colttmba. KoXvfj.€h is a diver or dab- 
chick, and columba is allied to it, from KoAvp.GS>, to 
dive : From its swimming motion in the air. Ovid: 
Oscula dat blanda columba mari. 

528.] Porticus. From portus, as Medicus, 
Modicus. Figuratively, but not more so than Ala 
applied to the flank of an army, Vomer to a plough- 
share. Rudens to a rope, irrepv^ to the pinnacle of 
a building, &c. Porticus was a covered walk, a 
refuae from the sun and rain : made ' umbra? et 



imbrium vitandorum causa,' Forcell. The follow- 
ing are metaphorical uses of portus. Cicero : 'Hie 
locus est unus quo perfugiant : hie portus, haec arx, 
haec ara sociorum.' Ovid : ' Qui mihi confugium, 
qui mihi portus erat.' And its compound oppor- 
tunus. (2) Many from porta. But I do not see 
the application of this word. 

529.] Infestus. Like infensus 72, (and in the 
same sense,) from fendo, fendi, fenstum, festum, as 
Jungo, Junxi, Junxtum, Juxtum, Juxta. (2) In, 
much ; and fastus. Contemptuous. (3) In, not ; 
festus, gay, pleasant. 

538.] Debeo. For dehabeo, as Praehabeo 
Praebeo, Deago Dego. Riddle says, To have any 
thing from one, hence to owe. Or de is the oppo- 
site ofhabeo, as in Deficio, and Debilis for Dehabilis. 
— Doderlein refers this and debilis to Se'co, Seu«, to 
want. ? 

542.] ErUBEO. 'Epv9ea>, IE. ipvepea, 'pvepew, 
rubeo, as 'Eperpbs, 'perp^bs, Remus : and as &p$a>, 
amBo. — Others from ruber, rubrus, and this from 
ipvdpbs, ipvcppbs, , pv<pp6s. 

Sepulcrum. From sepelio, sepultum 265, as 
Fulcio, Fultum, Fulticrum, Fulcrum. 

544.] Ictus. As tt^vko} was a new verb from 
irecpvKa, vecppiKco from ire<ppiK.a., &C. SO from ew, tfaw, 
elxa could be a verb eftccy, whence ico ; the aspirate 
dropt, as in Ulcus, Apto, Equus, &c. "Ea or Iript 
is to throw, smite. (2) Haigh : ' Ab cukw for 
alicifa, to treat indignantly, beat with stripes.' (3) 
Cut down from jacio, iacio. 

545.] Raucus. Ravus, ravicus, as Teter, Te- 
trus, Tetricus; and raucus, as aVIceps, aUceps. 
And, as Cado, Cadivus ; Protero, Proterivus, Pro- 
tervus ; so rado, radivus, or rasum, rasivus, ravus : 
Speaking in a scraping, grating manner. (2) 
Others refer raucus to Kpavy^i, whence upavyafa, to 
croak. 

546.] Umbo. Stephens : ' It seems to be 
formed from dpSuu, though they take the former 
to mean the center or d/j.<paAbs of the shield, and 
not the projecting rim.' Thus "Ajkos, "Ojkos and 
Uncus ; and N dropt, as in nAdTw, Plato. 

549.] Narro. Ainsworth : ' From gnarus ; and 
understood by Velius, notum or narum facio, Seal. 
Gnarrat, narrat, dir}ye?Tai, Vett. Gl. Gnarruisse, 
narrasse, Fest.' Thus Gnosco, Nosco. And gnarus 
as in ignarus 1. 198. Or the older form is gna- 
ruris, whence gnaruro, gnarro, narro. To make 
cognizant of. 

550.] Altare. Ab altus, as Alvear, Alveare. 
The sacrifices on the altare were made to the Dii 
Superi, and on high places, or, with Festus, in 
sedibus a terra exaltatis : these on the Ara were 
made to the Inferi, and in low places, or, with 
Festus, in effossa terra. (2) Ab alta ara. Com- 
pare Aurora 1. 751. 



iENEID, BOOK II. 494—697. 



57 



553.] Capulus. From capio. By which we 
lay hold of. 

554.] Exitus. Ab exeo, exitum, as adttus, 
obttus. 

557.] Truncus. James Bailey :' Trunco from 
rpuKw, Mol. for rpvxw. As rdyw, (whence Tero- 
7<W,) taNgo.' Tpvx*» is to destroy, consume. Some 
deduce trunco from trux, trucis, like Trucido. 
Truncus i.e. truncatus is dismembered, and as a 
substantive is said of a tree dismembered of its 
roots and branches. But Voss says : * Truncus from 
Tpixvos, (rpeyx os >) "which in Hesychius is the same 
as truncus.'' But rpixvos is explained a bough, 
twig, branch, shoot. 

573.] Communis. Having (munid) duties, 
offices, or privileges in common. So Immunis. See 
on 1. 7. 

577.] Scilicet. For scire licet, as we say To 
wit i.e. to know. So Videlicet. 

578.] Triumphus. &pia/x§os. 

585.] Exstinguo, Extinguo, and Restinguo. 
From anyco fut. of arlfa, like Expungo, to ex- 
punge. N as in tago, taNgo. (2) From tingo. 
Ovid : Tingere in amne faces. But thus the S is 
not accounted for. 

590. Purus. From the nom. irvp. Fire is 
pure in itself, as Pindar : -n-vpbs ayvSrarai nayai. 
And it purifies, as in the Psalms : Purified seven 
times in the fire. 

594.] Excito. Cio, citum, whence Cfto, Suscito. 
See 1. 541. 

602.] Inclementia. Clemens soft for tlemens, 
much as sCintilla for sPintilla, or the T turned 
into the iEolic K, 3. 537. Tlemens shortened from 
r\r]<Tiiu.ev7]s, formed like rXricriKapdios and vp-nvfjievrfs. 
(2) For tlemens from gen. rK-fi/xovos, patient. (3) 
Cleme?is from gen. KT)\i\fiovos, formed from «7jAecw, 
Ke/c^A7j/ia£, kt}\t)huv : charmed, appeased. Or KA-fjfjiccv 
from «\aco /ce/cA^at, to break, whence K\.rj/j.a a vine 
broken off. As Silius has Fractus furor, Suetonius 
Fractae irse. 

605.] Hereto. Hebes from a§))s explained 
ao-vveros, avorjros by Hesychius and Suidas. The 
H added as in Haurio, Honor. E, as in brEvis 
from PpAxvs, dEnsus from dAavs. 

606.] Caligo, are. From Avyrj, darkness ; 
whence KaTaAvydao, a>, KaXAvyco, as KaAAenro) for 
/coToAeiTroj. The L dropt, as M in squaMMa, 
squaMa. (2) As Kacrrlfa for Karacrrlfa, so Kara- 
XAua>, (whence Kardx^vcris, caligo: Steph.) and 
KaxAiW, whence cavhligo, as Orior, Origo : for 
softness caligo, as XAcum, Lsena. (3) From halo, 
for hallgo : C prefixed, as perhaps in certain words 
mentioned on Cura 1. 208. 

609.] Fumus. Liddell : ' ®v/j.idu, (&C/«i,) to 
burn so as to produce smoke.' And Donnegan : 
* 'Ayadu/u.idw, to cause smoke to ascend.' This from 



&v/Aa, JE. <pv/j.a, whence fumus. Or &vfj.bs, from 
meaning spirit, could mean vapor, smoke ; iEol. 
(pv/xbs, fumus. 

618.] Suscito. See on vs. 594. 

621.] Spissus. Scheid: ' From the same root 
as iriaaa, pitch.' Rather S was prefixed, as in 
2fJ.iKpbs, SkiSi/?/^, 2,/J.dpa.ydos. (2) Ainsworth : 
' From airifa, whence ciriSSeis. 7 Hesychius ex- 
plains (nrib'dev by irvKvbv, airidvbv by irvuvbv, Treirriyds. 
Then from fut. (nricrco might be aivKrabs, spissus ; 
see Crassus 5. 469. Or from o-irifa was <nri£bs, and 
spissus, as fxdZa, maSSa. 

626.] Ornus. Ab bpeivbs, bpvbs, mountainous. 
The mountain ash. Virgil : Nascuntur montibus 
orni. 

629.] Nuto. Neuw, nuo, nutum. 

638.] Exilium. And Exul, Exulis. To be 
banished (ex solo) from the land, as Extorris, Ex 
terra. Plautus: Scelerati exules sunt, etiam si 
solum non mutarunt. (2) Ab e£eAoa>, a>, to expel. 
(3) Ab exsalio, to hasten out, like Insilio. 

Integer. In ; tago, tango. Intact, untouched, 

&6tKTOS. 

639.] Solidus. Ab oAos, whole ; sGlus as 'Tirlp, 
Super : and solidus, as Vivus, Vividus. 

646.] Jactura. The throwing away. From 
jacio, jactum. 

647.] Inutilis. Utor, utilis, as Docilis. 

659.] Placeo. See on 1. 127. 

663.] Obtrunco. See on vs. 557. 

670.] Hodie. Hoc die. 

683.] Apex. A woollen tuft or tassel worn 
by the High-priest on the top of his cap ; and then 
any top or tip. From apio, which on 1. 430. From 
its being tied with thread, or, with Wachter, from 
its binding the head, like AiaS^a. 

686] Restinguo. See on vs. 585. 

689.] Precis. Precor for greater rapidity for 
procor, as 7OV, gEnu ; tOsta, tEsta ; dabam for 
dabam. See on 4. 534. (2) Corrupted from a 
verb 7rapet'xo/xat, irpexoju-cu, to beg from. (3) From 
Ppexofj-aL, to be bedewed i. e. with tears, as Lat. 
imploro, to beg with tears. Euripides : SidSpoxov 
t68' o/jl/x exeis, and Nonn. Jo. 55. 5 : didgpoxos 
SaKpvtxi. Pr for Br, as Premo 1 . 54 : Pratum 
6. 674. 

694.] Stella. 'Acrrfy), ace. aorepa, whence 
usterula, astella, stella. 

697.] Limes. A cross-road, cross-path, by-road; 
from limus, transverse. Ovid : Sectus in obliquum 
limes. And, these by-roads being natural bounda- 
ries between properties, limes was a boundary. (2) 
Some refer limes to limen, liminis, as Sanguen, San- 
guinis, Sanguis. As the opening to and exit from 
a field or estate. ' Nam agrorum divisores in sin- 
gulis Centuriis singulos Unites constituebant, ut 
agri et mensurae et itineris causa pervii essent :' 



58 



VIRG1LIAN HOURS. 



Forcell. (3) Limes for litimcs, from litem emo i.e. 
adimo. As 12. S98 : Saxuin, Limes agro positus, 
litem at discerneret agris. (4) Dumesnil: 'From 
Ael/ijua, reliquiae, locus divisionis.' ? 

698.] Sulphur. For salplnir or salpur, from 
aAbs, 7rupds: as compounded partly of fossil salt, 
and as being inflammable. S, as 'T7rep, Super ; U, 
as c Alco, cUlcita ; PH, as bosPHorus for bosPorus. 
(2) From b\6irvpov, o\irvpov, taken in the sense of 
all-fiery. U, as "Ojkos, Uncus. (3) From e\iros, 
oil, in Hesychius : IE. e\irop ; sulphur being bitu- 
minous. S added as in Sidus ; U for E, as vEllo, 
vUlsus. 

710.] Vestigium. As Fastigo and Fastigium 
from Fastus, vestigo and vestigium from vestis. For- 
cellini : ' It seems to have been from vestis. For 
formerly not only women, but men also wore long 
garments, and so a mark was left not only of their 
feet, but also of their clothes, by persons walking. 
This was the reason, why, though in the first in- 
stance there was left only a mark of the feet, yet 
the word was called from the clothes.' We have 
eAKexiTwi/es 'Axaiol in Homer, and we have the ex- 
pression To draggle one's clothes. (2) Or from 
ve and stigo, whence instigo, to prick, mark, as 
Vescus, Vereor. (3) Supposing that Baca, Baivw 
made BeSycrTai as well as B^t]Tai whence afitpur- 
€r)T4ca, as Bn<T(Ta. from B^rjcraai, from this could be 
vestigium, as Bopw, Voro, and Fastigium above. 

713.] Tumulus. From tumeo, as Capulus. 

715.] Cupressus. Kwrdpiaaos. 

720.] Abluo. Aouo>, luo. 

Leo. A4oiv. 

722.] Pellis. From <pe\\hs, the bark of the 
cork tree. *eA\as is also that with which books 
are covered. Hence pellis, the outside covering of 
animals. ' IleAAa, whence Lat. pellis, J. Poll. 10. 
57 :' Thus state the Editors of Valpy's Stephens 
dlvi., where Schaefer has ireAAts, and refers to 
Ruhnk. Ep. Cr. 188. Toup. Opusc. 1. 334. 388. 
Jacobs. Anth. 7. 113. 

723.] Passus. From pando, pansum, passum. 
A pace made by stretching out the leg. 

725.] Opacus. Varro has ' Terra, Ops,' and 
Macrobius ' et terrain, Opem? From ops, opis, in 
this sense of earth, Scaliger deduces opacus, as 
Merus, Meracus. That is, in or under the earth, 
like x^oyios, subterranean, and therefore dark. (2) 
Or from bir^, a den. Hebr. 11. 38 : ir\avu>fj.evoi 
<jTn\\aiois teal bircus rr\s y?is. Thus ' in secret, in a 



dark place of the earth' Isa, 45. 19, is explained by 
Poole « in obscure cells and caverns of the earth.' 
(3) Dumesnil from operio, for operacus. As Te- 
mulentus for Temetulentus, &c. (4) Some sup- 
pose a prefix of O to Traxvs, as in b§e\bs, o8a£, 
buXafa, &c. ' Valde densus,' says Scheid. The 
penultima is long ; so some derive persona from 
persono. Vice versa, anchora from dyKvpa. 

736.] Avius. See on 1. 537. 

739.] Lassus. Lacio, lacsus, lassus, as Jubeo, 
Jubsus, Jussus. Importuned, excited, worried, 
like Fatigatus from Fatim-ago, much the same as 
lacio, lacesso. Thus ForceUini explains Fatigo, 
' vires urgendo instandoque cuipiam adimo, lasso.' 
(2) Labor, labsus, lassus. Worn out by slipping 
and stumbling. (3) As aSSis was said as well as 
aXis, lassus for laxus, unbent, unstrung, thus applied 
to the body and the mind. 

752.] Principium. See on 1. 488. 

758.] Edax. Ab edo, eSo>. 

761.] Vacuus. Vaco 1. 373. So Mutuus. 

Asylum. "Aav\ov. 

770.] Iterum. From erepov, a second time. 
(2) Dumesnil from itero, dvi, a frequentative of eo, 
ivi, itum. 

775.] Demo. De-emo: 1.216. 

776.] Indulgeo. Soft for indurgeo, as KAi€avo$ 
for k?i€avos, jSAe/ieatVoj for /3P€/ieatVa>, piLgrim for 
piRgrim from peRegrinus. D inserted as in pro- 
Dest, proDit. Not to press upon, not to urge 
severely. (2) For indalgeo, not to be cold towards, 
as ins Alto, insUlto. Seneca: Julius notus frigore. 
Horace : Frigore te feriet. (3) For indulceo : from 
dulcis in. (4) From ivSovXniw, from a word iv- 
SovAevw, eVSe&ovAeuKa. 

780.] Aro. 'Apoco, a.pc7>. 

791.] Tenuis. From retW, reva, to stretch 
out, make long and thin : or from ravabs, as Suidas: 
TavaiKpTj' XeTTTOvcprj. 

792.] Conor. As TruKeofxai from iroXiw, and 
arpaxpao/Mai from errpecpea, so Ku>piofiai or Kwvdofiai, 
ov/jlcu or Sijxai, conor, from Kovew, to haste, hurry, 
whenee iyKovew, explained by Hesychius evepyS>, 
ttovS> ; also ayKovew, explained in VV. LL. pera. 
cnrovdris ivepyca : also SiaKoveca. (2) Voss from 
Kiovav, i. e. irepiSive'ii/ : from k&vos, a spinning-top. 
To go round and round, beat about, in carrying a 
point. 

Brachium. Bpax^v. 

797.] Invenio. To come upon, find. 



iENEID, BOOK II. 698— III. 63. 



59 



BOOK III. 



11.] Exul. See on 2. 638. 

20.] Auspex. For avispex, from avis, specio. 
One who observes birds. Like Augur. 

22.] Corneus. Cornus, from cornu. Ob cor- 
neam duritiem, says Pliny. So Turton : From the 
hardness of its wood and branches which are like 
horn. And so used for spear-shafts and bows. 

23.] Virgultum. Virga, virgula, virguletum, 
as Salicis, Salicetum, Salictum. And, as Fabrica, 
Manica, so vireo, virica, virca, virga. So frdAAos 
from daAAco. 

Myrtus. Mvpros. 

24.] Viridts. From vireo. Vireo for vereo, as 
vlgeo for vEgeo, liber for the old lEber; and 
vereo from %, Fijp, the spring, as fera from <pUpa, 
timor from 5EIp.bp, ita from Elra, jecur from r H/cap. 
Or from eiap, tip, elpew ; or elap, etapos, elapeco, elpeco, 
vireo, as Alriov, Vltium. To be fresh and. green as 
in the spring, like Verno. 

25.] Ramus. Much as 'Eperpbs, Remus, is 
opa/jivos, 'pd/Ai/os, 'pdfjLfios, ramus. So our Rice from 
Oriza : and 62Ta, oSSa. (2) From pddafxvos. 

27.] Radix. Voss : ' From pd8i£. But pa8i| 
is a branch or twig. True : but, as the higher part 
of a tree spreads out into branches, so the lower 
part into fibres and little branches.' Radicula how- 
ever would have been more appropriate. (2) 
Perott ' a radendo terrain.' As Matrix, Apex. 

28.] Gutta. Xvra, xuna, poured, shed. 

29.] Tabum. From tabeo like Tabes. A 
melting or wasting away by infectious disease ; cor- 
rupt moisture ; diseased state of the body. 

31 ] Lentus. As Sanctus for Sancitus, Planta 
for Planata, Libertus for Liberatus, so lentus for 
lenitus, made soft, mild, or unruffled ; hence still, 
slow, hard to move, sticky. 

Vimen. From vieo to bind, whence Vitis ; 2. 
133. So Numen, Nomen. 

33.] Cortex. As Kopfibs from KeKopjxai perf. of 
/cefpco, so from iceKoprai is Koprbs, curtus and cortex. 
A tree's rind cut off, as 56pv from Sepo>. Budseus 
explains Keipw by ' erado, stringo : ' thus cortex is 
Strictus. (2) Becman for contex from contego : as 
the covering of the tree. Somewhat as caNmen, 
caRmen. 

34] Veneror. Dacier: ' Properly, I sacrifice 
to Venus, adore Venus.' Hill : ' It denominates 
the worship paid to every deity by what is ad- 
dressed to one.' — But Scaliger thus : ' Observantia 



prosequor ob venerem i. e. venustatem.' Compare 
Foenus, Fceneror. (2) Venero (for Plautus uses it 
actively) from Fevopw, as to Respect from Respicio. 
E, as dairOpos, aspEr. (3) Vereor, verinor, veniror, 
veneror. (4) Scheid from Hvos •. To pay regard to 
years. V, as Vetus from v Etos. 

36.] Rite. Allied to ritus, farbs, as pfty/xa, 
rlma ; /3upp.H/ca, formica. Thus in the form pt]Tols 
yepaai, with prescribed or specified prerogatives. 

(2) From pvrbs, flowing, i. e. in a regular order ; 
allied to pvQfxbs, order, method, rhythm — Or pvrbs, 
kept, preserved, as formed from pvo/xai. Euri- 
pides : apxouou vS/jlov <ru>£ov<ra. (3) In Sanskrit riti. 

37.] Nixus. Nitor, nitsus, nissus, nixus, as 
ulySSes, ulyXes. 

41] Lacero. From Aa/cls, a rent; or Aa/cew, 
to burst in pieces. 

43.] Stipes. Stuitos. 

Mano. From /j.avbs, rare, scanty, few. To fall 
in drops. 

46.] Incresco. Cresco for crassesco; or for 
crebresco, explained Augesco in 12. 407 ; or for 
crudesco, explained ' to increase ' by Martyn on 
Georg. 3. 504. 

47.] Anceps, Ancipitis. An for am, (as in 
Anfractus,) a^<|>2 or a^.<pis : caput, capitis, or capio, 
capitum. With two heads ; also, seizing and draw- 
ing us both ways, doubtful. 

50.] Alo. The obs. &\u, the root of a\<$cc and 
a\8oo. 

52.] Obsidio. Ab obsedeo. A sitting before a 
place. Virgil : Obsidere portas. Hence obsessus. 

60.] Idem. For isdem, as in Pridem, Tantun- 
dem. Priscian thinks that dem is for demiim. Or 
for tandem. Or from Gr. S' dv. 

61.] Polluo. Porrb, as in Portendo, Porricio ; 
and luo, Xovw, to wash. Porrb, says Riddle, de- 
notes opposition or exception : on the contrary. 
Thus polluo is the reverse of luo, to be far from 
cleansing ; as Ne in Nescio, De in Deficio, a in 
aria. (2) For pelluo from perluo. Luo to dissolve, 
rot, spoil, whence lues. As pOndus from pEndo. 
Cicero: Ut eos ludos hsec lues impura pollueret. 

(3) Some refer to <po\vv<a in Hesychius: but this 
should be <J>opwa> : Steph. 10249. 

63.] Manes. From ixavbs, thin. Ovid calls 
them ' tenues animae,' Horace ' levem turbam.' 
(2) From manus, good. Boni genii, says Voss. 
See on 1. 110. Ainsworth: 'Horace calls them 



60 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Poos, Cicero Dios, Lucretius Divos and Semi- 
deos. ' 

66.] Tepidus. Te'^cu was an old form of rv<pco 
to smoke, smoulder, whence is r4<ppa cinders. Lid- 
dell says : ' Tecppa, (rvcpa),) ashes.' But clearly there 
was an old form recpw to account for ri(ppa. From 
this T€(pu) or reject) is tepeo, as irp6<r$opos, prosPerus. 
Yet Haigh deduces tepeo from Txxpw, fut. 2. rixpw or 
Tvcp4oo, as pejEro from perjUro. (2) In Sanskrit 
tupa is tepor. 

Cymbium. KvfiSiov. 

Lac, Lactis. rdKa, ydAanros, yXdaros, whence 
in Homer r\a.KT6(payoi. 

81.] Redimio. For redimicio, whence Redimi- 
culum. From ainicio i. e. amjicio, to cast round. 
D as in reDeo. (2) Soft for redipio from apio, to 
hind. M, as vUpos, soMnus. (3) From a word 
demlo from d4fj.a. (4) From re-am-eo. 

92.] Cortina. Properly, a dyeing vat, for 
crotlna, from xP& s i XP WT ^ S "whence xP a,Tt T & '> to 
color, dye. Hence a vat, caldron, kettle, oracular 
tripod. (2) From cors, cortis, used like cohors, co- 
horts, for a coop for fowls, &c. which, from being 
usually round, gave to cortina the senses of vat, 
&c. So Ruina, Angina. 

102.] Monumentum. From moneo, as Docu- 
mentum. 

105.] Cunabulum. Cunce, from cunio, ex- 
plained by Festus ' stercus facio,' i. e. from coenum, 
as pOEna, pUnio. ' In quibus pueruli cuniunt : ' 
Facciol. — Rather ' cunce is koivoI, immundse,' 
Ainsw. 

106.] Habito. Ab habeo, habitum i. e. donmra. 
Plautus: Quis isthic habet? So ex« Soph. Phil. 
22. So To keep, at Cambridge. 

107.] Recordor. From cor, cordis. To take 
to heart, and so often think of. ' Cum affectu cor' 
dis reminiscor : ' Ainsworth. Gellius 18. 7. has : Isti 
versus quos habere cordi et memorle operse pre- 
tium esse puto. 

109.] Nondum. Necdum 1. 25. 

120.] Albus. Ab &\(pos, (as djx^oo, amBo,) 
explained Aeu/cbs by Hesychius and Suidas. 'A\<pbs 
was also the white leprosy, and &.\(piTou pearl- 
barley. 

125.] Bacchor. To be frequented by the Bac- 
chce, the priestesses of Bacchus. 

127.] CYCLADES. KvKAaSes. 

128.] Nadticus. Naim/cJs. 

134.] Focus. From (pows, as aireos, speCus. 
Donnegan explains (pus a blazing hearth. (2 ) Fo- 
veo, fovicus, focus. Ovid: At focus a flammis et 
quod fovet omnia dictus. So Medicus, Modicus. 
(3) From Foxos, taken as that which holds or con- 
tains. (4) From a word <p&£, (pcaybs, from (pwyw, 
to roast or boil. 

135.J Fere. From repl, as avrl, antE. About, 



as -rrepl rpiax^ovs, about 3000. Almost, almost 
always, usually. I in xepi is sometimes long by 
Arsis : 'A/x<pl itepl fieyd\' laxov : so fere. F, as 
$aiv6\T]s, Pamula. (2) Hand thus : Firme, ferine, 
fere. Credat Judseus ! 

136.] Operor. Opus, eris, 1.436. 

138.] Tractus. See on Late 1. 163. 

139.] Lues. From Kvu, luo, to loosen, dissolve. 
Priscian : Quod ea corpora solvantur. Or luo, in 
the sense of diluo, to dissolve, make fluid or thin : 
but this is Aovw. Lues, as Caedo, CsDdes. So 
Tabes. 

141.] Sterilis. Stephens: 'From the old 
sterus, in Greek <nepbs, for which was "written 
aTeppbs, crrelpos. There was, however, an old 
word (TTepa, whence arepiw, to deprive.' Or at 
once from (Trepea>. 

SlRIUS. 'Zelpios. 

147.] Animal. A breathing thing : ab anima, 
breath. 

170.] Dubito. See on 1. 218. 

172.] Attonitus. Thunderstruck, from tono. 

173.] Sopor. See on 1. 680. 

176.] Strata. Things strewed on others, 
coverings. See on 1. 422. 

Supinus. See on 1. 476. 

179.] Pando. See on Passus 1. 480. 

184.] Portendo. Por is porro, TrSppca. So 
Porricio. 

189.] Ovo. Referred by Plutarch to ovis : a 
sheep being sacrificed in the lesser triumph, a bull 
in the greater. (2) For evo, as vEos, nOvus. 
From evo7, evoe, the Bacchanalian shout : or from 
evdfa, evdcroo, euaw, ev<3. (3) From avca, am, to 
shout ; as 'Ovyp JEol. for 'Avyp. (4) Festus : ' A 
clamore, quern faciunt redeuntes ex pugna victores 
milites, geminata O litera.' 

196:] Continuo. Immediately; as (con-tenens) 
joining on with the present moment. Continuus, 
as Mutuus. 

204.] Totidem. Tot idem. (2) For tot itidem. 

205.] Quartus. Quater, quaterus, quatrus, 
quartus. (2) From reTapros, rdpros, quartus, as in 
Quater and Quatuor 1. 94: 3. 537. So our Uncle 
from Avunculus. 

207.] NAUTA. Natrnjy, vavra; or navita, 
navta. 

212.] HARPUIA. "Apirvia. 

217.] Proluvies. From proluo, to wash away, 
like Diluvies. 

219.] Intro. From intrb. Or intrb eo. 

221.] Caprigenus Hesychius says : Kdirpa • 
ctf£. TvppT]voi. That is, the Etrurians said Kdnpa 
for a goat. This is the Lat. capra. — But it seems 
not improbable, that, as Mop<pd -was transformed to 
Forma, ~2,<pdyavou to 4»oo-7avo^, Avocpepal to Aevo(ppal, 
Tenebra; ; so Tpdyos was transposed to ydrpos, 



iENEID, BOOK III. 6G— 326. 



61 



iEol. ydxpos, as Ta&vos, Pavonis; oTddiov, aUddiou, 
sPatium ; Ulrrvpes for Tecraapes : — whence caprus, 
as rcvpvrbs, Corytus. 

228.] Immundus. Mundus, clean, neat; i.e. 
munctus, muntus, mundus, as mulCTo, mulTo ; and 
menTior, menTax, menDax. Munctus, like 
Emunctus, is ' emungendo purgatus,' as in the phrase 
* Emunctce naris.' So emunctus, in eloquent speak- 
ing, is explained hy Forcellini ' qui utitur oratione 
purgata, nitida.' Munctus then is 'nitidus,' and is 
from niungo, which, (like tago, taNgo,) is from 
fiirya, fut. of [xvcraw: (Steph. 11151.) And from 
this is the world at large, that graceful arrangement 
of the universe of GOD, called mundus, like the 
G r. Koa-fxos. Seneca : Dum NITIDUS certas mundus 
evolvet vices. (2) Littleton deduces mundus from 
afiiavTos. ? 

TiETEB, Teter. ' Utraque scriptio proba est,' 
says Forcellini. Hence from taedet, tceditum is 
tcediter, teeter. Forcellini explains ' tcedet quoti- 
dianarum harum formarum' in Terence, I am dis- 
gusted with. And teeter is disgusting, offensive. 

(2) From to erepa, on the left hand. (See Steph. 
3883, 4.) To he rejected as ill-omened, abomi- 
nandus, abominable. 

239.] Specula. From specio. A look-out, as 
2f07reAos from 2/coirea>. 

241.] Obsccenus. From ob or ols, as Subs in 
Substineo, Sustineo ; and coenum, filth, which from 
kchvou, as kchXov, Coelum. Acts xi : ' For nothing 
common or unclean,' &c. So kolvow, co, is to pollute, 
whence iyKoivio, Inquino. (2) As it also means 
ill-omened, unlucky, some refer it to obsccevinus, 
from scceva, CKaia, on the left hand, which was 
thought lucky in Roman auguries. Plautus has 
'bona scceva.' Obs here then contradicts. 

(3) Others from scena : As met with only on the 
stage. But what of the diphthong ? 

242.] Pluma. n-n'Attjua corresponds to ttti- 
\o)Tbs, TTTiXtoo-is. Hence irrKwp.a, and irAc2,ua, as 
UTevva, Penna ; and pluma, as (pClpos, f Uris. See 
on Pumex 5. 214. (2) Haigh: 'From (pXv^, a 
<p\v(0, to trifle.' Any thing trifling or light. 

244.] Semesus. Semi-, r,(jLi-, as e£, Sex. And 
edo, e8o). 

247.] Juvencus. Juvenis, juvenicus, as Unus, 
Unicus. (2) From juvo. As being now able to 
assist at the plough : like Jumentum. 

257.] Ambesus. I. e. circumesus. Ab afupl, 
ambi, as #/x$co, ainBo. And Mo eSo>. 

Mala. For maxilla, as Axilla, Ala. Mando, 
ere, mansum, massum, as Jubeo, Jubsum, Jussum : 
then massilla, and maxilla, as ulySSes, ulyXes ; 
Nitor, Nitsus, Nissus, Nixus. (2) From ixdaaco, 
|co, allied to /jLaaado/xai, to chew. 

269.] Gubebnatob. KvgepvoS, guberno. 

273.] Altbix. Ah, alitum, altum. 



Exsecbor, Execeor. For exsacror : from sacer 
or sacrus, devoted to the infernal gods, accursed. 

274.] Mox. As niX for niVS, so max for 
moVS, i. e. tam cito quam te moveas, quamprimum 
te moves or moveris. As in a Moment of time, from 
Moveo, Movimentum. So Actutum 9. 255. See on 
viX 1. 34. (2) For modis, like sing, modo, just 
now. 

Cacumen. Ainsworth for co-acumen : ' Ubi 
acumina in unum coeant' Compare Career 1. 54. 
(2) As Ilo\vs, UoiroKvs, Populus, and Tt'AAcw, Ti- 
tillo ; and Tetigi, Didici, &c. ; so acuo, acacuo, 
acacumen, like Acumen. Then 'cacumen. I. e. acu- 
minatum, pointed. The same redupl. occurs in the 
Gr. afcaxeiaro, &c. (3) The C prefixed to Acu- 
men : See on 1. 208. 

281.] Oleum. "EXaiov. 

Pal^STBA. Ua\at(TTpa. 

284.] Glacialis. Glacies, for gelacies, says 
Ainsworth. That is, from gelu. But this termi- 
nation seems indefensible. Now Hesychius ex- 
plains y\aucrau} by Xd/xircc, y\avabv by Kafnrpbu, 
yXaivoi by t& \afnrpvcrfj.aTa roov TrepiKefpaKaiwv otop 
aarepes. There were evidently then the words 
yXavca and ykaica, to shine : and from yhatca or 
7Aa'i'co could be glaCio, to make to shine, specially 
with ice. C, as aireos, speCus ; <pdos, faCis. And 
hence glacies, as Luo, Lues ; Labor, Labes ; Csedo, 
Caedes. See on Clarus 1. 284, and Gloria 2. 83. 

288.] Cabmen. As Novi, Novimen, Nomen, 
so cano, canimen, canmen, and for softness carmen, 
as Genimen, Genmen, Germen. 

289.] Tbanstbum. Transeo, transitum, tran- 
sitrum, transtrum, as Monstrum. (2) ®pdvos, a 
seat; whence &papi£a>, Spdi/iaTpov, transtrum. 

291.] Aeeius. 'Ae'ptos. 

294.] Occupo. Ab occapio. 

297.] Mabitus. From mas, maris. And this, 
as B and M are commutable, from jSas, as fidr-ris is 
Equus admissorius ; fii€dfa is Equum admitto ; and 
fiivioo, coeo, is referred to fialvca. So Vas, Vadis is 
from <pds, pollicitus. 

304.] C^spes, Cespes. From ccesus. Grass 
cut. Festus : Terra in modum lateris ccesa cum 
herba. Pes, as Sospes, Cuspis. 

308.] Calob. Caleo 1. 417. 

324 ] Herus. Herus is not only the master of 
a family, but any master. Horace : Nam propria? 
tellubis herum, &c. Hence herus from the old 
epa, the ground, whence epafe. Master of the land, 
as Dominus is master (domus) of the house, but is 
said conversely of the land : as Horace : Terrarum 
dominos. H prefixed as in Haurio, Honor. (2) 
From efyco, epw, whence efyepos is bondage, servi- 
tude. Herus, qui alios sibi in servitutem adserit. 

Cubile. From cubo, as Sedile. 

326.] Fastus. See on 1. 342. 



62 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



341.] Ecquis. For et quis. (2) For en quis, 
or eccc quis. 

343.] Avunculus. Ab avus, as Homo, Homun- 
culus. Pusillus avus, says Scaliger. 

345.] Incassum. Cassus 2. 85. 

350.] Rivus. From pelos, pelfos, poet, for peos, 
a stream, as b"ios, diVus. (2) From pva^, as aAdnr]^, 
a^A7T7j|, vulpeS. 

352.] Fruor. ^opiojxai, (popovficu, transp. (ppovo- 
fiai, fruor. Like its compound i/j.(pop4oiJ.ai, which, 
says Stephens, 'ponitur et -pro fruor.' (2) Or from 
pvojiai, Fpvofxai, as plyos, Fplyos, Frigus. 'Pvo/xai, to 
draw to oneself, hence to take, enjoy, as airoKavca 
from Acuo, Aa&D. 

357.] CARBASUS. Kdpira<ros. 

358.] Qu^so. Qucero, qucersum, (as Curro, 
Cursum,) qucerso, quceso. 

359.] Interpres, etis. For interpertis : one 
who stands {inter partes) between parties in trans- 
actions of business. (2) From pretium. One who 
offers a price between parties. As, parens for 
parlens. (3) From Trpdrns, a vender. Gr. /j.e<ro- 
TrpaTTjs. E is short : but so in pretium from 
TrpaT7)S. 

360.] Tripus. Tpiirovs. 

361.] Pr^pes, Pr^petis. Qui petit loca prce 
aliis. Thus Impetus. (2) From 7reT&>, irerofxai, to 
fly. (3) From 7reTcw, ir'nTTo*, to fall, whence irpo- 
7reTr?y, headlong, fast. 

362.] Prosperus. Tlpoacpopo?, profitable. 

366.] Prodigium. For prodicium from dico, 
as dicax. G, as irXdKa, plaGa. See the passage of 
Cicero on 2. 171. 

382.] Vicinus. From vicus. One of your vil- 
lage, as Kcc/j.T]r7]s. So TroXlrrjs, one of your city ; 
yehcou, one of your part of the country. And vicus 
sib oIkos, as Olvos, Vinum. A collection of houses. 

386.] Infernus. For inferinus from inferi. 
See on Imus 1. 84. 

389.] Sollicitus. Lacio, lacitum, whence la- 
-cesso. Hence sublicitus, sullicitus, and sollicitus, as 
sOboles for sUboles. Excited, stirred up. (2) For 
solium from oAov; and citus from do. Entirely 
roused. (3) Citus a solo. (4) Solum cito, as Ti- 
bullus : Ferro solicitavit humum. 

390.] Ilex. "EAi£, poet. etAi£, is the winding 
of ivy, and in ilex seems to be used as the oak 
round which it winds. Horace : Arctiiis atque 
hedera procera astringitur ilex. (2) For illex, as 
Imus for Immus, whence Immo. From illicio. 
Properly, attracting. Quae illicit hederam. 

409.] Castus. From careo, castum, as Moereo, 
Mcestum ; Queror, Questum. Careo is to abstain, 
forbear. (2) From X&&, nexaarai, to retire. 
Xacrrol, ol avaK^x^pV^Tes, says Is. Voss. (3) 
From icexaarai : to be adorned or distinguished 
(by virtue). 



415.] Longinquus. From longe, as Prope, 
Propinquus. 

419.] INTERLUO. Luo, \ova>. 

421.] Barathrum. Bdpadpov. 
423.] Verbero. Ferio, feriber, ferber, as Tu- 
meo, Tumiber, Tuber. And verber, as 4>aT77s, Vates. 

(2) Haigh: ' As made of small cords twisted and 
knit together. From elpoo.' Or rather epw, Fepw. 

(3) ' For deprbp from Sepw ; .^Eol. fiepirvp :' Salmas. 
425.] Exerto. Exserto, from sero, sertum. 
427.] Pristis. UpiaTTjs Aristot. H. A. 6. 12. 

Others read iriarpis and pistris. Steph. Thes. 7965. 

428.] Delphinus. Ae\(p\s, ?vos. 

Cauda. < Caveo, cavida, cauda, as Aveo, Avida ; 
and aVIceps, aUceps. By which animals protect 
themselves from their petty annoyers. Hence 
Pliny of elephants : Ne in cauda quidem presi- 
dium abigendo taedio muscarum. (2) Dr. Turton 
from cado : ' Because it falls down behind.' Ca- 
diva, cadua, cauda. 

431.] Semel. For simel, as Equus from the 
JEolic Ikkos, and sEntio for slntio. Voss : ' Things 
which are done with one effort, are done simul and 
semel' Becman : ' Una, non divisim.' 

432.] Canis. Kvvbs gen. of kiW. 

433.] Prudentia. Providens, proidens, pru- 
dens, as itOlv)], pUnio. 

438.] LlBENS, Lubens. Libeo from Xnreco, a>, 
the fut. 2. of Xlirrw, cupio. Thus Forcellini ex- 
plains libenter by ' cupide.' Indeed, if I do any 
thing willingly and cheerfully, I must have a desire 
to do it. (2) It has been referred (by the same 
change as Forma from Mopcpa, Specio from 2/ce7na;,) 
to (ptAe'w, transp. Ai<peo>, libeo, as d/x^co, amBo. Thus 
Forcellini explains libet by Gr. cpiKov icrrL Or 
(piAe? might have been used iEolice as a neuter 
verb, ' it liketh me to go,' &c. as Amos 4. 5, ' It 
liketh you.' — Priscian states that the ancients used 
lUbens, as also carnUfex, pessUmus : yet he seems 
to suppose that the I was prior. Maittaire p. 415 : 
' Priscian p. 8. I transit in U,' &c. Certainly 
bidlum passed into bidUum, reclpero into recU- 
pero. (3) Lubens, lubentis from Au^els, Xvcpevros, 
an iEolic corruption of Xudels, \vQevros ; compared 
with Lat. expeditus, i. e. promptus, paratus. But 
what of lubet? (4) Becman refers to Hebr. libba, 
cor : others to Germ, lieben, to desire, love, and 
Goth. Hubs, beloved : allied to which is our ' I 
would as lieve do that as' &c. 

444.] Nota. A mark or sign by which any 
thing may be known, from nosco, notum. We have 
cognitus i. e. cognutus, and agnitus ; and in other 
words dicax from dfco, educo from duco ; &c. 

451.] Situs. Position, from sino, situm, to let 
be, whence situs, a, urn, situated. 

454.] Quamvts. For quantumvis. 

464.] ELEPHANTUS. 'EAe<pay, euros. 



iENEID, BOOK III. 341—594. 



63 



466.] Lebes. AeSr/s. 

467.] Lorica. From brum, as Arnica. As 
formerly made of raw leather or leathern thongs. 
(2) As from MvpfxrjKa was Bvp/xriKa, then Formica ; 
so from SupriKa was dorica, as &ebs, Deus ; and 
lorica, as AdKpvfxa, Lacryma. 

Hamus. From o^o, from &ktu, to fasten. 
1 From which the hook is suspended : ' Forcell. 
From a/x/xhs, says Ainsworth. (2) Haigh: Ah 
a/Mr), a reaping-hook. ? 

Trilix, Trilicis. Licium from ohs. lix, litis; 
and this from Aj$, Hesych. irxdyios, ohlique. 
Schneider brings these words together : ' A17& Al|, 
AiKepbs, XiKpbs, XtKptcjAs, licus, liquus, obliquus.' 
Hence is licium. Voss : ' Quia obliquum stamini 
implicatur.' (2) Others from e A. i|, Ikos, involved; 
from ligo ; from elicio : hut the quantities oppose. 
Lix however may he ligans, ligs. 

468.1 Conus. Kwvos. 

471.] Suppleo. See Impleo 1. 215. 

478.] Necesse. From ne cesso, or cedo, cessum, 
as Nefastus, Nequeo. It is urgent, pressing : we 
must not loiter or withdraw. Justin : Non timido, 
non ignavo, cessare turn licuit. 

480.] Ultra. See on Ultrb 2. 59. 

483.] Subtemen. For subteximen from texo. — 
Dumesnil for substamen. ? 



484. 
512. 
515. 
522.^ 
As Facilis 

524.] Saluto. 
534.] Aspergo. 
Cautes. From 



Chlamys. XAa/xvs. 

Hora. "Cipa. 

Noto. See on Nota 444. 

Humilis. Low on the (humus) ground. 



To wish (salutem) health to.' 

From adspargo. 
cavatus, cautus, as aVIceps, 
aUceps. As hollowed out by the waves. Horace 
has Cavis saxis. Dumesnil defines cautes ' a ragged 
rock, crag or cliff.' (2) From caveo, cautum. A 
dangerous rock to be guarded against by sailors. 
Csesar : Naves sax a et cautes timebant. 

537.] QUATUOR. Terropes, rerope, M. Kerope, 
Keroep, quatuor, as fxEueco, mAneo. QU, as inCo- 
linus, inQUilinus. 

538.] Tondeo. See on 1. 702. 

549.] Antemna, Antenna. From avaBedefxeva, 
andemna, antemna, as aDque, aTque ; oirovAfi, 
sponTe. (2) From am, tendo : For amtendina. 
Dr. Johnson explains a sail-yard as the pole on 
which the sail is extended. (3) 'Aprefxava, artemna, 
antemna, but artemna would be more naturally put 
for antemna. (4) Ainsworth : Simply from ante, 
as from Socius is Sociennis. (5) Hall from ante 
teneo : holding the sail before the mast. But the M ? 

553.] Navifragus. See Frago 1. 104. 

554.] Trinacria. TpivaKpia. 

558.] Nimirum. Nil mirum est. You need not 
wonder : it is certainly so. 



563.] Cohors, Cohortis. Gesner says : ■ Co- 
hors, chors, cors, are of the same origin and primi- 
tive meaning. The latter forms, contracted as it 
seems by the country people, were used for the 
most part in rustic matters. Cohors was so called 
a cohercendo or coercendo, and means a coop or 
place in a farm surrounded with buildings and 
otherwise hedged in.' Cohercitus, cohertus, and 
cohortus as cOrcyra from KEpKvpa. (2) Or it is 
from x^P T0S an enclosure, irepigoAos, Trepiopiafx6s : 
changed into cohortis, as vEmens into vEHEmens ; 
aenum, aHenum. From this primitive meaning 
came that of a band or troop of soldiers : ' as being 
round like the rustic cohors, and as being therefore 
called also globus militum : ' Voss. (3) From 
cohortor. From the mutual encouragement of the 
soldiers. Somewhat as Convivium. 

567.] Elldo. From Icedo 1. 8. So Collide 

Roro. Bos from povs, a stream, (so vice versa 
ros is used for water, as Qui rore puro Castalise 
lavit, &c.) as ixvprOTs, myrtOs. (2) Contr. from 
hp6aos : much as Rigo from BPe'x&>, Lsena from 
XAaiua, Lactis from YXdnros. 

573.] Piceus. As ulySSes, ulyXes ; nitor, 
nitsus, niSSus, niXus ; vivo, viVSi, viXi ; so Triacra, 
iriaa', pix. (2) Pix from irrifys, coagulation. (3) 
From an old word irvfys, allied to ol/jlttv^ and ttv£, 
connected with iru/cd^w, ttvkvos, &c. Thickness, 
closeness. 

Fa villa. From <paos, <pdop, much as from ir6cp, 
puer, is pueLLa. Virgil has, Candente favilld. 
(2) Foveo, fovilla.? 

574.] Globus. As from k6\os is ko\o§os, and 
as K\a/j.€bs, zcerbus, super^ws, &c. so glomus, glo- 
mibus, globus. (2) As Bdkavos, YaXavos, Glans ; 
B\e<papov, Y\e<papov ; SO /3oh§bs, yo\€bs, and (as 
oXAos, oAXos, volgus ; irXevLiwu, it evAfj.au, pulmo ; 
SpzKwv from SapKcbv, &c. ) yAoSbs, globus. Dr. 
Johnson defines Bulb ' a round body or root.' 

576.] Eructo. Bucto from. ipevKTaa, &, 'pevKT(a r 
formed from epevyoo, tfpevKrai. Or ipvKrdu, since 
we find epvy/nrjAos, ipvyyduu. 

580.] Caminus. Kd/jLiuos. 

585/ JEthra. AWpa. 

586." Nubilum. From nubes 1. 42. 

588.] Posterus. See on 1. 16. 

590.] Macies. From the root of ^a/ceS^s and 
fxaKpbs, long : i. e. jxdKos. Indeed macer or ma- 
crus is jxaKp6s. For thinness elongates the limbs- 
and body. So Tenuis is from reiva, Tevco, to ex- 
tend. 

591.] Cultus. Colo, colitum, coltum. 

593.] Illuvies. In, not ; luo, Aovco, to wash. 
Dirt not washed away. So Diluvies. 

594.] Spina. Spica, spicina, as Ruina, Re- 
gina ; then spina. And spica from airlya iEol. of 
aTiyia ace. of artel's, one who pricks or brands. 



64 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Isaac Voss from \p?x a ace. of Mb a morsel, bit : 
psica, spica. I. e. any small thing. (2) Others 
form spica from spina, spinica, spica. (3) Or spi- 
rillum, spiculina, spina. (4) Haigh says : ' From 
(nlva, vE. amva.' What is this CTti/a? From 
or/fiw, arXyw, ariycu/ds like ctt€7c»'Js : then ariyavd, 
(ttIvcl? Prickly. 

611.] Pignus. From pago, pango, pepigi, 
whence Pactum, Compact. The I taken from the 
perfect: or the I for A, as o-TpAyyca, strlngo. 
(2) From itvKvbs, dense, firm, as kvKvos, cyGnus. 
As making a convention firm and solid. 

625.] Nato. JYo, and here ndtum, as Do, 
Datum. 

627.] Mando. For mado, like tago, taNgo ; 
through a form iidQu or p-dcraoi, ifxc&ov. Mdaaw, 
|a>, is the existing form, which makes %[xayov. 

636] Torvus. As Cado, Cadivus, so taurus, 
taurivus, taurvus, torvus. Grim as a bull. Gr. 
ravprjdbu inroSxiircav. (2) Torgueo, torsum, torsivus, 
torvus. Having the eyes or face distorted. (3) Ter- 
reo, terrivus, tervus, torvus, as pOndus from pEndo. 
(4) Riddle from ropbs, TopFbs, piercing, sharp. As 
v\a, i/'Afa, sylVa. i 

637.] LAMPAS. Aafi-rrds. 

642.] Laniger. Lana from Xavos, iEol. of 
Arjvos. (2) From xdxvn, sheep's-wool. As apd- 
XNt?, araNea. 

Presso. Premo, premsum, pressum. 

647.] Lustrum. A muddy place where ani- 
mals wallow. From a word Aovarpov, much the 
same as Xovrpov, water for washing or bathing. 
Aovarrjs is found: Steph. 5824. — Orfrom/wo, Koixa, 
lucsi, (as Fluo, Fluxi,) lucsum, whence lucstrum, as 
Rastrum, Monstrum ; and lustrum. Others from 
lavo, lauo, lausum. — Hence is thought to be de- 
duced the sense of den in this passage : but it may 
in this sense be for dustrum (as Adtcpv/xa, Lacryma,) 
i. e. Svarpov from 8va>, Se'Suo-Tcu, to enter, make 
one's way into. As from d4dva/j.ai is Sua/x-n. 

650.] Vulsus. Velio, vulsus, as Pello, Pulsus. 

654.] Potius. Potior, from pOtis, is, being 
more able, superior. 

659.] Pinus. See on 2. 258. 

660.] Ovis. "Ol's, of is, as 3>ov, oVum. 



Voluptas. Volo, volupe, volupitas, as Longin- 
quitas. 

661.] Fistula. Ace. <pv<ri}Trjpa, an instrument 
for blowing ; (pvarripa, whence fisterula, fistula, as 
'Ao-Te'pa, Asterula, Stella. (2) For histula, says 
Scaliger, from hisco, hiscitum, histum. From the 
holes through which it is blown. 

663.] Lavo. Aovco, lovo, lavo, as vAlvae from 
vOlvo, and much as cAlix from kYai|. 

Cruor. See on 1. 471. 

664.] Infrendo. Frendo, frendeo, to grind or 
gnash the teeth. From the sound, says Forcellini. 
Rather from fremo, fremidus, fremdus. and frendus, 
-whence frendeo, as Aveo, Avidus, Avideo, Audeo. 
Or fremo, fremitum, fremito, frento, frendo as men- 
Tior, menTax, menDax. 

670.] Affecto. ' Cum affectu apprehendo,' 
Delph. Affectu, quo animus afficitur. 

Potestas. From potis 1. 38, as Majestas. 

671] Potis. See on 1. 38. 

679.] Concilium. See on 1. 79. 

680.] Quercus. Voss from KepxaXeos, hard, 
dry, shortened to Kepx^os, Kepxovs. From the 
roughness of its bark. Forcellini states the tree to 
be one ' corticis asperi.' (2) Dacier: 'From nd- 
Xpvs, an acorn, knob. The oak is reckoned by 
Theophrastus among the plants which bear acorns. 
Hence icdpxvs, quercus.' As grAssus, grEssus. 
(3) Morland from x oi P lK ^; its acorns being the 
food of hogs. 

CVPARISSUS. Kvrrdpi.(r(Tos. 

686.] Linteum. From Xivov, linum. Much as 
Mensis, Menstruus ; Ros, Roscidus ; &c 

695.] Subter. See on 1. 107. 

700.] Rado. As Reus from Xp4os, Lsena from 
XAcuVa ; so XP^I rao > an< l raDo, as biDens, pro- 
Dest, proDeo, vAwp. See on truDo 1. 145, clauDo 
1. 140. (2) From xapd&w, fut x^Se'w, xP«Sw, 
rado ; or from perf. mid. KexdpdSa. 

705.] Palmosus. Palma, a palm-tree, from 
palma, iraKafxr], the palm of the hand : for its 
branches, when expanded, are like a man's hand 
expanded. So Forcellini. But Turton says : Be- 
cause its leaves are expanded from the top like the 
fingers on the hand. 



jENEID, BOOK III. 611 — IV. 104. 



65 



BOOK IV. 



2 ] Vena. From ha, Fiva, ace. of is, Fls, a 
nerve, muscular fibre. * The veins are only a con- 
tinuation,' says Quincy, 'of the extreme capillary 
arteries.' And again: 'Each artery is composed 
of three coats, the first of which seems to be a 
thread of fine bloodvessels and nerves ; the second 
is made up of spiral fibres ; the third is a fine 
transparent membrane.' E, much as AEIos, IE vis; 
kHvos for kEIuos, 

13.] Arguo. I make (dpybv) bright and clear, 
show, as (paiva is allied to <pdos. (2) 'Ayopevw, 
(apyevw,) to proclaim, declare. 

1 6.] Jugalis. Jugum, from $vybv, a yoke ; 
then the marriage yoke. So iEqualis. 

18.] Pertjesum. Toedet from to 077877, ray)^. 
'Arjdia is explained by Stephens tcedium, and dr^Bi- 
£o/xcu tcedio aflicior. 'A7j8ea> also occurs ; and, if we 
suppose a compound Kara^iw, this (as rd\a,KTos, 
Lactis,) could become tae'deo, tcedeo, or tcarariSe?, 
tcedet. (2) From dttiSe?, formed from aSew, ' tcedio 
aflicior,' Steph. Used transitively : tcedio me valde 
afficit. Hence ScuSe?, and tcedet, as AcuSa, Taeda, 
just following. (3) Ainsw. from Siaideirai. ? 

T^:da. Soft for dceda, ScuSa ace. of dcus. 

26.] Palleo. See on 1. 354. 

Erebus. "Epe§os. 

27.] Pudor. As KaTaideo) is found, we may 
suppose e7roiSe'ct) like hraideo/xai. iEol. iiroifiica, as 
irAl's, M. irO'is. From 'iroi^ew was pudeo, as -nOlv)], 
pUnio. U is short, as bElfxbp, timor ; EIto, ita ; 
irElpdo/jicu, perior. E omitted, as 'Eperfxbs, Remus. 

32.] Perpetuus, and Perpes, etis. Uninter- 
rupted, continual. From birds which (petunt) 
make for places till they {per) thoroughly reach 
them. Cicero : Grues, loca calidiora petentes, &c. 

(2) From TTerea, Trerofiai, to fly. 

42.] Sitis. From JSos or "80s, explained by 
Hesychius irutyos, choking heat, and by Suidas 
Stpos, heat, and by Eustathius rb bepivbv Kardo-T-nua. 
S prefixed as in ElSos, Sidus ; T for D, as iEol. 
airdAioj/, spaTium. The I is short, much as <j>Hpo, 
fera ; Elra, ita : indeed it is allied to iSpoes which 
has the first short. It is written, moreover, with 
the acute as well as the circumflex. (2) As Mopcpd, 
Forma; Tehofiat, Nitor ; Mcov, Num ; sitis from 
xl/lbos trail sp. from Si\pos. S, as 'tyypds, Serus. So the 
Greeks said Si-rra, XdySas, for ^irra, VdySas. 

(3) Isaac Voss: ' From situs. The situs of fields 
is drought. Hence fields are said sitire.'' 



57.] Bidens. Bis, dens. Having two teeth, 
said of a hoe or drag. Also a sheep for the 
sacrifice, having two teeth more prominent, or more 
long, or more high than the rest, according to 
Festus, Servius, and Isidorus respectively. But it 
is better understood of a sheep two years old, from 
bis, annus ; for biens, as proDes, proDeo. 

61.] Vacca. As from xV> X^ vos is x^ vlcrKos i an d 
from fiv?a is ^vtaicr) whence Musca ; so from fioos is 
fSolffKri, fioTaKa, )8o?/c/ca, whence vocca, vacca, as Bopw, 
Voro; \Oyxn, lAncea. (2) Ainsw. for boacca. ? 

62.] Spatior. ^rdStoi/, a raceground ; any 
fixed standard of length ; hence space, room : iEol. 
airdSiov, spatium. T ; thus &e/j.iTos and SefMAos are 
both said. (2) Haighfrom o-mSidv, wide. (3) Rid- 
dle from pateo. ? 

64.] Exta. For exsecta like Prosecta. Festus: 
' Quod Diis prosecentur,' rather here exsecentur. 
(2) Ab e|6To, cast forth. (3) Dumesnil : ' From 
exto : because they are in the upper part of the 
body.'? 

66.] Est. Edit, editis ; edt, edtis, were softened 
to est, estis, much as aDcesso, aRcesso. 

Medulla. For mediulla from medius, much as 
Puella. The middle of the bones. So Parens for 
Pariens. (2) MueAos, /ueuAos, meiilula, meiilla, as 
'Ao-repos, Asterula, Stella: then medulla, as pro- 
Dest, biDens. 

72.] Saltus. Riddle says, from dXaos. Ra- 
ther from &\tos, ' after the correction of Koen in 
Greg. 220 : from which form is Lat. saltus:' Coray 
in Steph. 1900. "AXtis also occurs Pind. 01. 10. 
55. For S, see on Saxum 1. 108. (2) From salio, 
saltum. But animals do not skip about in woods. 

73.] Arundo. As Testa, Testudo, so areo. 
arudo, and arundo, as in hiruNdo 12. 474. deNsus 
2. 383. taNgo, &c. ' Cortice lignoso et inares- 
cente,' says Forcellini without reference to the de- 
rivation. ' Quod cito arescatj says Ainswortn. 
So arena from dreo, 1. 107. 

77.] Convivium. From vivo. Property, a 
living together, eating together from day to day. 
But Cicero says : ' Bene majores nostri accuba- 
tionem epularem amicorum, quod vita conjunctio- 
nem haberet, convivium nominarunt.' 



80. 
83. 



433. 



Vicisstm. From vicis 2 
Absens. See on 1. 91. 
Miisle. See Immineo 1. 165 
104.] Dotalis. Dos, dotis, h&s. 



66 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



108.] Abnuo. Nuo, veva>. 
Malo. Magis or mage volo, mavolo. As Non- 
volo, Nolo. 

112.] Probo. From probus, says Riddle. 
That is. I judge to be (probum) good, or I try if it 
is good, like AoKi/j.dfa from AoKip.6s. — But (if Pro- 
bus from Prubo 2. 80,) as Retinaculum from Re- 
tineo through a verb Retino, are, and as Educo, 
are, from Duco, so from prohabeo, prohibeo, "was 
prohibo, probo : To hold forth or forward so as to 
inspect or examine. (3) From irpo(pdu>, irpo(p<2, 
rpocpalvw. (4) Haigh from &pa€evs, an umpire. ? 

118.] Crastinus. Cras for (Kara) Kopas, ob 
oculos, just before us. As Coram is thought by 
some to be (Kara) xup av > X°-P lv is f° r ('cara) x°-P lv i 
and Circum is properly an accusative. The day 
before us, the day at hand. (2) From Kpu<ri dat. 
of Kpaats, a blending. The blending or joining 
on "with the present day, like ry £x°l x * v V m Greek. 

119.] Radius. 'PdSSos, pdddos, (as our suBtle 
is pronounced suTtle,) radius, as &XAos, alius ; 
a-arTo), satlo. (2) From pd§b~iou, as vevpON, 
nervUS. 

120] Grando. Festus from grandis. A 
larger drop of rain. (2) Becman from granum, 
whence granidum, as Vivum, Vividum ; then gran- 
dum and grando. In size as large as grain. Or, as 
Libido, Cupido, so granum, granldo, grando. 

121.] Ala. Alee (1. 301) are the wings or 
flanks of an army ; and, as here, the cavalry, as 
flanking the infantry. 

Indago. As Educo, are, from Duco, ere, so 
indago, are, from indu ago, ere : To drive wild 
beasts into nets or snares. Scaliger from inde ago ; 
i. e. ex locis suis ago. Hence indago, inis : a series 
of nets placed round a wood so as (indu or indo 
agere) to drive wild beasts into them. Hence the 
long A by coalition, though short in the verb. 
— Voss refers the substantive to the verb : ' Non 
ut feras indages, sed ut capias indagatas.' 

122.] Tonitru. From tono, tonitum 90. 

128.] Reperio. See on Aperio 1. 107. 

130.] Jubar. Riddle: « For jubare, sc. lumen, 
from, juba.' Perott: ' Quod splendor diffunditur in 
modnm juba; leonis.' Forcellini : ' Jubce quandam 
similitudinem referens.' Dumesnil : ' Quod mane 
sol quasi ro.o\.\.or\xm juba cinctus est.' The Quandam 
and the Quasi here throw a suspicion on this deri- 
vation. What if, as Juba itself is from $66a, 2. 
206, and Jubeo from 4>o§ea> 1. 63, jubar is from 
<po§aphv changed from <po§epbv, awful ; much as 
jxsyEOos into fieyAQos ? Then jubar is a brilliant 
radiant light, striking the mind with consternation, 
Gr. eKirX7]KTiKbu, Seivbp, (Tfiep^aXiov. 

131.] Rete. Wachter well from pvcc, to draw. 
That is, from pvr6v. Which may be dragged 
along. A drag net. E, as rEstis from pTo-T-qs, 



rEmulcus from pTfiovXicSs. (2) From f>hru, £itto>, 
(See on Radius 119,) to throw; as Mktvov from 
8ik£> to throw. 

Plaga. From TrXanu> fut. of ttX^kw, to infold : 
i. e. from a word irXaKT), irXaKa. iEsop speaks of a 
Stag toIs Kepacriv ifxtrXaK^vTOs. So from 7r\aKa, a 
surface, is the other plaGa. 

133.] Cunctor. From cunctus. Riddle: 'To 
seek out for every thing, in order to gain occasion 
for delay.' Or to try all manner of expedients, and 
to lose the time over them. Virgil : Quem mini 
vix frugum et pecudum custodia solers Omnia 
tentanti extuderat. The Greeks say -navra Xidov 
Kivfiv, to leave no stone unturned, to try every 
thing. (2) For con tor from con tus. From a sailor 
sounding the shoals with his pole, and proceeding 
with caution. But C is here left unaccounted for. 

137.] Limbus. Dr. Brasse places K6pv/x§os 
among the synonimes of ' bixravos, limbus.' As 
then from rdKanros is Lactis, from TivwoKca is 
Nosco, from 'AXfivpia is Muria, from KaraKeu is 
Taceo, from UeXeiFos is Liveo, from KarcajSe? is 
perhaps Tsedet, so from Kopv/x§os is rimbus, and 
limbus as (pis, 'pis, Lis. (2) As &d/j.§os from brinco, 
tv/j.§os from Tixpw, KXap.§bs from KXaw, so a word 
Xi/x§os from Xiiirca, i. e. aTroXeiiroo, which is explained 
by Stephens ' desino, finem facio.' (3) Home 
Tooke from ' limb, the past participle of the Anglo- 
Sax, limpian, to pertain or belong to.' 

139.] Fibula. Figo, figibula* As For, Fabula. 

174.] Velox. From velum, as Fera, Ferox. 
As swift as a sail. For sails give swiftness to ships. 
Hence the expression ' velis pedibusque.' And 
velificor is to exert oneself to effect any thing. (2) 
From volo, to fly. ? 

175.] Mobilitas. Moveo, movibilis, mobilis. 

178.] Irrito. To incite, stimulate; incite to 
anger. As pvrbs is Tractus, drawn ; there could 
be a word pvria, pvru>, agreeing much with Lacio, 
to draw, lead into, and Lacesso. Bito, as (ppYyw, 
frlgo ; XYya>, llgo. So Prorito. (2) From p-r\r6v. 
To urge by things spoken. As pHy/xa, rlma. (3) 
From irrio, irrltum, to snarl as a provoked dog, 1. 
11. Taken actively. But Prorito does not agree 
with this. 

180.] Pernix. From nitor, nixus 3. 37. 

181.] Quot. See on Tot 1. 9. 

183.] Subrigo. See on Arrectis 1. 152. 
• 185/ Declino. From kXivw, as Inclino. 

188.] Pravus. Scaliger says it is a military 
word, taken from the reproaches cast on gentle- 
ness of disposition which is despised by soldiers : 
from irpaos, gentle, whence praVus. (2) But as 
pravus is properly crooked, awry, better from rrapal 
i. e. irapa, aside ; whence, (as dinos from curb, £wbs 
from £vv, tKaaros from SKas,) irapaibs, irpaos, pravits. 
Or from a verb irapaiSdw, Trpa§£>. (3) As 2r4yw 



^NEID, BOOK IV. 108—262. 



became Te'7&>, Tego, so errpaSbs became rpd€bs, M. 
TrpS.€bs, whence prdous, as clades from KXddos. 
~2rpa§bs has its general sense of Tortus in its com- 
pound darpa§r)s. 

Tenax. From teneo, as Rapax. Holding 
tight to. 

197.] Aggero. Agger 1. 112. 
203.] Rumor. On 8. 99, ' Ergo iter inceptum 
celerant ramore secundo,' Heyne says : ' Rumor a 
ruendo : niitur enim seu eruitur aqua remo, adeoque 
ex impulsu strepitus oritur.' As Fragor from 
Frango. Ruo, ruimus, (as Alo, Alimus, Almus,) 
nanus, rumor. (2) From a word pvfxbs like pvj.lt), 
1 the force, swing, rush of a body in motion, im- 
petus: TTTepvytvv pvfxr), the rush of wings:' Lidd. 
(3) From pev/xa, a flow. iElian : SlttXovs eVl rovrois 
v-rroppe? x6yos. Horace : Manat per compita rumor. 
— Or from the sound of flowing water. (4) From 
pvfj.7), a street. Noise made in the streets, ' per 
compita' above. (5) From 'pvyp.bs, i.e. wpuyfibs, a 
bellowing : as 'Priy/Jia, Rima. 

Amarus. As Omitto for OBmitto, Aperio for 
ADperio, so amarus for almarus from dX/j-deis, iEol. 
of aA/jLTjeis ; as also /xovadccu, musaRum. The ter- 
mination changed, much as "Ctytgpos, Imbris ; 2ti> 
iros, Stipes ; &c. The aspirate omitted, as in Ansa, 
Ulcus. 

205.] Supinus. See on 1 476. 
212.] Exiguus. Exseco, execo, exico, as rEgo, 
dirlgo : hence exicuus, as Muto, Mutuus : and exi- 
guus, as dyKvXos, anGulus. Cut small. (2) Ex-ago, 
exigo, exiguus, as Ambiguus. Voss : ' Qui nullo 
negotio exigi ejicique potest.' Becman : ' Facilis 
expelli aut extra agi.' 

Pretium. Salmasius : ' From irpdnov, the price 
paid (irpdrri) to the seller.' Haigh : ' From irpariov, 
to be sold.' E, as the iEolians said KpEros, dpEKtvv 
for KpAros, ZpkKtov : (Voss). And e, as icpHir78a, 
crepido. 

216.] Mentum. Wachter for movimentum, mo- 
mentum, as Omentum for Operimentum : ' For in 
speaking and eating it is continually moving.' (2) 
Or from its projecting : from mineo, minitum, min- 
ium, and mentum, as Kplvw, Klpvtv, cErno ; sEntio 
from (rYvertw ; Equus from the iEolic "Ikkos. 
MlTRA. Mirpa. 

Madeo. Stephens : ' MaSaco seems to have the 
sense of madeo in Theophrast. H. Plant. 4. Aia- 
fxaduco is irrigo, humecto : for Suidas explains Sia- 
fiaSS>PTes by diagpexovres.' — Mvfidco is more common 
in this sense, and would in madeo correspond with 
nTvbs, cAnis ; kT\i£, cAlix. 

228.] Vendico, Vindico. From FevSmco, to 
think (evSiKov) right and due, in the sense of 4k- 
8iku>, vindico. (2) Riddle : ' For venum dico, from 
venum, property. To adjudge or award as pro- 
perty.' 



67 

S unmet 



237.] Summa. 'Res summa' 2. 322. 
de re ' 1 1. 302. 

239.] Talare. Taxillus, talus, (as Paxillus, 
Palus,) a pastern-bone. From tago, taxi, or taxo, 
to touch often or closely. As being in constant 
collision with the fetlock and the hoof. Tango 1. 
345. 

241.] Flamen. From^/Zo, as Velamen. 
244.] Adimo. See Exemtus 1. 216. 
245.] FRETUS. As bapovvos from frepw, reOap- 
trai, so ferveo, fervitum, frevitum, freitum, /return, as 
Superrimus, Supremus. Sometimes used, says 
Riddle, of too great confidence or pi'esumption. 
Thus bdperos is ' in a bad sense over-boldness, pre- 
sumption :' Lidd. Properly, heat of mind, san- 
guine spirit. (2) Scheid from epop-nrbs, borne (up). 
Trano. Trans-no. As Trado. 
247.] Fulcio. From (pvXaKi^eo, <pvXa.Kiu>, epvXKicv : 
To keep, to secure : hence to secure from falling, 
keep up, uphold. (2) From '<poA/ds i. e. iepoXuls, or 
'epoXicifa, '<|>oA.kiw. Stephens explains iepSXieaiov 
' quicquid ex alio velut dependet.' Hence fulcio, 
' facio ut hoc ex illo dependeat et nitatur.' 

248.] Assiduus. From assideo, like Sedulus. 
Sitting closely at any occupation. 

254.] Avis. From eB$, ofl|, from atcrcrw, £cw, 
i.e. opficv, (Etym. M.) cum impetu feror. Hence 
avis, as aXwirn^, hcoX-nriS., vulpeS. V, as ois, oVis. 
(2) Haigh: 'From avee, avo, to cry out, to chirp.' 
Thus Varro states that it is particularly said of 
singing birds. (3) Riddle from a-ny.1 : ' On ac- 
count of the motion of the air caused by flight.' 
Too indirect. 

255.] Piscosus. As FSxXos, F6xxos, Folchus, 
Volgus, and Fi^bs, Futexbs, Fiericbs, Viscus ; so Fix^ vs > 
FiOxbs, fithcis,fiscis, and piscis, as QaivoXris, Psenula; 
*opT&), Porto. Thus Paludis from FeXwSrjs, and so 
Xacts, XaFas, laPis ; Sals, daFls, daPis. S for TH, 
as the Laconians said cCZdva, ayd^ios, 7rap2eVe, and 
our loveS for loveTH. (2) Piscis from Trice, 
TricTKic, to drink, as jSaco, fS&eritco ; whence iriiricTKU) to 
give drink. ' Quia perpetud bibunt,' Ainsw. We 
say, He drinks like a fish. 

259.] Peanta. Plana, flat; whence planida, 
as Viva, Vivida; then planda, planta, as Acuda, 
Tseda. Or (as Lenita, Lenta ; Liberata, Liberta,) 
planata, planta. (2) Scheid : ' From irxdr-n, irXara, 
i. e. rb TrXarv.'' As taNgo, &c. 
260.] Fundo. See on 1. 428. 
261.] lASPIS. "lacriris. 

262.] Murex. A kind of purple shell-fish : 
hence any thing pointed like it, and in 5. 205 a 
pointed rock. From /wua|, the mytilus or species 
of muscle : whence muRax, as pvbs, nuRus, and 
murex, much as XaAs, lapis. 

L.33NA. XXexiva. So XXiapbs, Aiapos ; araNea 
from ctpdXNr]. 

F 2 



68 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



264.] Tela. 7t.ro, texela; or texula, texilla, 
nhi, as Vexillam, Velum. 

266 ] Uxoiaus. Uxor soft for unxor ab ungo, 
unxi : from her smearing with fat the posts of her 
husband's bouse on her first entrance, as we learn 
from Pliny was the case. Donatus says in addi- 
tion : ' Vel quod lotos maritos ungebant,' quoting 
Ennius : Tarquinium fcemina lavit et unxit. (2) 
From ^vvavp, £wwp, transp. unxor. 

271] TERO. Te/pcu, TepoS. 

Otium. From avrbs, alone. That is, retire- 
ment from the bustle of the world. Hence, (as 
Obsto, Obstium, Ostium,) autium, and otium, as 
cAUdex, cOdex. (2) From ols, wrbs, an ear. A 
state in which we can lend an ear to others. (3) 
From uvala, M. obria, property : whence otium, as 
fxOTaa, pO-aa. Property being the means of ease 
and leisure. (4) As Solor, Solatium ; so vaco, vaca- 
tium, uatium, autium. This derivation I think the 
best. 

274.] H.ERES, Heres. Usually and best re- 
ferred in a figurative sense to hcereo. Qui hceret 
alterius vestigiis, hceret in tergo, insequitur. Thus 
exojucu, hcereo, is ' metaph. to be closely connected 
with ; hence to lay hold on, claim, take possession 
of : ' Lidd. (2) Forcellini thinks it better referred 
to herus : the new or next proprietor. But the 
quantity and the diphthong are both objections. 
(3) Riddle from XVP 0S > bereft. 

279.] Obmuteo. Mutus from /j.vttos in Hesy- 
chius, who has also nvr-ns and fj.vSos. 

283.] Ambeo. Amb, afjicp', and eo. To go 
about to court favour. 

287.] Alternor. Going from one side to 
(alterum) the other. 

294] Ocior, Octor. *QxUav. 

295.' Facesso. Facio, as Capio, Capesso. 

302.] Thy as. Qvds. 

Stimulo. Stimulus, a goad, is soft for stigmulus 
from oTi-yfxa or anyix)], a puncture. So G is lost 
in Pumilus. 

TrIETERICTTS. Tpl€T7)plt<6s. 

303.] Orgia. "Opyia. 

305.] Perfidus. One who goes (per fidem) 
through and beyond his word, like Transgredior, 
to Transgress. Thus also Perjurus. Or per is 
lightly, as in Perfunctorius, going over the mere 
surface of a thing. So Pervideo Hor. Sat. 1. 3. 25. 

311.] Alienus. Belonging to (alium) another, 
as Terrenus. 

321.] Propter. Prope, propeter, as Subter. 
Properly ' near : ' then ' on account of any thing,' 
as being in near connexion with, or nearly con- 
cerned in. 

324.] Quoniam. For quom-jam, * whereas now.' 
So Etiam is Etjam. 

328.] Soboles. For suboles from suboleo, to 



grow from under, to grow up, as Sub in Suspicio. 
Soboles, as Proles 1. 75. 

330.] Omnino. Ab omnis. Unus, Unicus is 
an instance of an adj. formed from another: hence 
from omnis is omnitius, adv. omninb, as De novo, 
Denuo. 

335.] Piget. See on 1.738. 

340.] Consessus. Sedeo, sessum. 

341.] Sponte. Spontis is o-novdrjs, as Dicis is 
Ai'ktjj : sponte is airoydfj. Sponte mea, by my own 
agreement. But Dumesnil : ' Sponte is the abl. of 
the obs. spons from spondeo.' 

350.] Exterus. 'E£a>Tepos. 

352.] Operio. Obpariu, as Aperio is Adpario. 
See on 1. 75. 

355.] Fraudo. Fraus, fraudis, from (ppadijs, 
cunning, whence Homer has 8o\o<ppa8-f)s. Then 
(ppavS^js, as vovaos for v6aos, or as the iEolians said 
av7)p, avws for arjp, aces. (Maittaire p. 156.) 

360] Querela.. Queror, as Tutela. 

367.] Tigris. Ttypis and riypys. 

369.] Num. MaV, transp. vup., as Mop<pa, 
Forma : and num, as q>Clp, fUr. 

380.] Refello. Fallo, acpdWw. to upset. 

383.] Suppliciubi. From Supplex, icis. Rid- 
dle : ' 1. A kneeling down in order to show respect. 
2. A kneeling down in order to be beheaded ; 
hence capital or any corporal punishment.' Sca- 
liger understands it of prayers made to the gods to 
deprecate their anger at the killing of a citizen. 
Hill of the sufferer begging for mercy, or bending 
under the severity of his punishment. 

389.] Aufero. Soft for abfero. So ' NaOAo 
Joseph. Antiq. for vd§\a 1 Reg. 10. 5:' Maittaire. 
So the French U for L, in aUtre for aLter. 

392.] Marmoreus. Marmor, oris, p.apjxapos. 

398.] Unguo, Ungo. 5 E7xt'«, infundo, instillo. 
As"E.\kos, Ulcus. 

401.] Migro. As olnifa is to fix as a colonist, 
remove, so migro from /xeyapov, /xeypov, a house : 
i. e. to remove from one house to another. I, as 
KEttos, liber; ttaEkw, pllco; rEyyco, tlngo. 

402.] Formica. Mvpfi-n^, ace. fiipfiriKa, 2E. jSfy- 
fjL7]Ka, (pvpfiriKa, formica. So Bp4fjL<a, $pe(Mw, Fremo. 
And Cratera, se, from ace. KpaTrjpa. ^2) From 
fero micas. ? 

Far, Farris. Voss says, from Hebr. baur, 
grain. Others from Germ, faren, to generate, pro- 
duce, allied to our word bear and the Hebr. baurau, 
he created, Gen. 1. 1 ; whence bar, a son, as in 
Bar-Jesus, Bar-nabas. But, as the Greeks said 
(pAperpa and IcrcxpApifa, the obs. (papew fut. 2 of (pepu 
will lead us to the same result: <p£pu> being used of 
the earth or trees producing fruit. Fan-is may be 
formed as the second L in Mel, Mellis. (2) Scheid 
from (papbs, <pa\bs, from <pdca, <pdos : From its white 
color. The double R as L in Mellis. Thus "AA- 



iENEID, BOOK IV. 264—539. 



69 



<Pitov from 'AA^oy, Albus. Hence Aeu/ccfc &\<pna. 

Acervus. As Aperio, Operio, Omitto for 
Adperio, Obperio, Obmitto ; agervus for agger vus 
from aggero, whence aggerivus, as Cado, Cadivus ; 
then aygervus, agervus, acervus, as paCiscor for 
paGiscor. Vus, much as Bus in acerBus, super- 
Bus. (2) Ab ayeioco, ayepw, to collect. (3) Ab 
Seer, ace/is. A chaff-heap, Gr. axvpfJ-ia- 

405.] Callis. A track beaten (callo) by the 
hard skin of cattle. Callum from the old callus, 
hard, formed from nakov, wood, or rather k&Wov 
whence ndwivos: as Durus from Aovpv. Others 
from ktjAtj, M. naka, a tumor. 

406.] Frumentum. Ferveo, fervimentum, (as 
Moneo, Monimentum,) feruimentum, frumentum. 
As heated and ripened by the sun. (2) For frugi- 
mentum from fruges, or <ppvya>, torreo. (3) Fruor, 
fruimentum. Litany : ' That we may enjoy them.' 

407.] CASTIGO. KaTao-W£a>, perf. Karearlya, 
Kda7lya,'ica(Triyd(a,oi: To puncture, brand. (2) From 
KfEarbs, pierced with the needle, whence fJKearos, 
' stimulum non expertus,' Steph. As "Evvos, Annus. 

426.] Juro. See on 2. 195. 

453.] Thuricremus. Thus is Stvos. As to 
cremo Scheid says : ' Hesych. : Kcp/xara • SpavafxaTa. 
Cremo is nothing else than to set on fire with these 
cremiis or /ce'pjucwt.' That is, from KepfAa, Kpe/xa, 
whence a word Kpefidw or Kpefiow, a>. (2) Haigh: 
1 From ^epfiSai, a>, to make hot : transp. Spfjuw.' T 
passed into K in TeVcrape?, Kerrapes, whence Qua- 
tuor: so TH could pass into KH in Spe/xtj, xp^w. 

459.] Vellus. From vello : for, says Varro, 
wool was torn off before shearing was adopted. 
And so Pliny, who adds that sheep were not shorn 
everywhere in his day: ' Durat quibusdam in locis 
vellendi mos.' 

462.] Feralis. Ovid says on Feralia, sacri- 
fices to the dead: ' Hanc, quia justa ferant, dixere 
FSralia lucem : Ultima placandis manibus ilia 
dies.' He makes thus the E short, though it is 
long in feralis. This variation is remarkable. — 
Festus refers feralia to ferio pecudes. It might 
appear short for inferalia from the inferi or from 
inferice : but I imagine feralis is short for funeralis 
from funeris, as Sultis for Si-vultis, Rideo for Re- 
nideo, Amentum for Apimentum, Omentum for 
Operimentum, Mentum perhaps for Movimentum, 
fxd\a for /xeydXa. Forcellini explains feralis ' fune- 
bris, funestus.' 

Bubo. From the sound hu bu, which produced 
also Gr. fivas ; unless it is from fivas for buo, buonis : 
B being inserted as in irica, biBo. 



469. 
478. 
482. 
486. 



EUMENIDES. EvfxeviSes. 
Grator. Dico alicui grata. 
Aptus. Apio, aptum 1. 430. 
Pap aver. As Cadaver from Cado, 



pa- 



paver from papa or pappa, pap ; as nurses, says 



Dr. Turton, used to mix this plant in children's 
food to relieve the colic and make them sleep. Thus 
also says Varro. The double P lost, as M in Ma- 
milla from Mamma, and R in Farina from Farris. 
(2) Wachter from pappus, TrdwTros, the down of 
thistles and artichokes: ' Quasi flos lanuginosus.' 

493] Magicus. MayiKos. 

494.] Pyra. Tlvpd. 

496.] Lectus. From the root of Keicrpov, i. e. 
\4yofxat to lie down, perf. AeAeKTcu, whence a word 
Ae/cTds, lectus. (2) Festus from leaves (Jectis) col- 
lected to make a bed upon. 

513.] Falx. Jos. Scaliger thinks that this is 
' from a Syriac word which produced also Gr. irt- 
Ae/cvs.' Yet iriKeKvs, through ire\KS, 7reA£, could 
through the aspirated </>eA| produce fa Ix. The use 
it is true of these instruments is not the same : 
still their form, which is that of a wooden pole 
fixed somewhat at right angles into an iron blade, 
is not very different. 

Meto. From &ixr\Tos, messis, or its root &ht)tcu 
perf. of ajxdu), to mow : whence a word afMrfrdco, w, 
'fjLrjTw, as 'Ao-repa, Asterula, 'stella: and meto, as 
<pUpa, fera ; SElfibp, timor. 

517.] Mola. MuAtj. 

526.] Dumus. Forcellini says :' They deduce 
it from Spvfxbs, transp. Sup/xbs, durmus, then dusmus 
and dumus. In fact, Dusmoso in loco was an ex- 
pression of L. Andronicus, as Festus asserts.' Apv- 
fibs is a coppice or thicket. And drumus would in 
a Roman's mouth easily fall into dumus, as flagRum, 
flagRellum, flagellum: and even the iEolians soft- 
ened irPorl into ttot\, aKrjirrPov into (tku-ktov. — Still, 
if the S must be accounted for, then with Voss we 
can better deduce dusmus from 8va>, deSuo-fjLcu, (whence 
Sua/xti,) to go into a place of concealment : ' Quia 
subeant eo animalia ut lateant.' A fit place for 
such retreat, as Virgil: In dumis interque horren- 
tia lustra: Sylva horrida dumis atque ilice nigra. 

534.] Procus. From proco, to ask, beg. 
Proco, avi, for procio 1. 142, as Occupo, avi, for Oc- 
capio. I invite to assist me, as Martial : Phoe- 
bumque cio Musasque lacesso. Virgil: Numina 
nota ciens. (2) From irpotf, irpoiKos, a gift which 
goes before a request. 

537.] Igitur. From et ye t' ap, * if therefore 
this is the case.' As secUs from e/cAs. The I, as 
Elra, ita. (2) A Friend's son suggests roiyap, 
transp. lyarbp, igitur, as fxaxAfd, machlna ; pvprOs, 
myrtUs. But this is too much of the anagram. 

539.] Bene. From the ancient benus whence 
bonus 1. 195. If from bonus, then as 70i'u, gEnu. 

Apud. It is written also aput, which leads us 
to apio, apiium, as Ago, Agitum whence Agito. 
Thus -apud agrees with Juxta from Jungo, 2. 513. 
(2) For did pedem, as Gr. ifwoSdv. But ad is 
shortened from apud 1. 10. 

f 3 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



G ■ ATI A . Grains 2.269. 

541.] Perdo. Per-do, as is shown by the old 
pcrduim. To put a stylus through a -word or a 
nail through a deed : to cancel. Per may be com- 
pared with Perimo, Pereo. (2) From irepQw, as 
&ebs, Deus. 

550 ] Expers, Expertis. For expars, expar- 
tis : deprived of one's share. As Inarmis, Inermis. 

551.] Dego. For de-ago, as Demo is De-emo. 
Dego vitam, is ago vitam. JDe as in Deamo, and 
as 4k in iKTeixifa, to fortify completely. 

553.] Questds. Queror 1. 385. 

558.] Color. From colo, says Riddle : as 
Amo, Amor. Colo, to take pains about, to trim, 
embellish, &c. But better from xP^ 0S i the color of 
the skin, complexion : M. XP°°P, for softness x^°P> 
as nPiSavos into KAL6avos, fiPefieaivw into fiAefxeaiva ; 
transp. x°^°P> color. — Others from x v ^$, X V *°P> a 
decoction. 

569.] ElA. ETa. 

579.] Vagina. For vacuina, from vacuus, as 
Cassis, a helmet, from Cassus. Thus Ruina, 
Rapina, Regina. Vacuina, vaguina, vagina. Voss : 
Vacuum illud in quod gladius reconditur. (2) As 
Tlvgls, Pyxis, a box, from Uv^os, box ; Acerra from 
acer ; Malus, a mast, from Malus, an apple tree ; so 
fagus, faglna, and vagina, as Harris, Vates. Thus 
Columella has faginece arculse, Tibullus faginus 
scyphus. But was it ever made of wood ? (3) From 
Tray 6s. As fitting close. (4) For valgina from the 
northern balg, a bag, allied to bulga. 

580.] Retinaculum. As Occupo, avi from 
Occapio, so from retineo is retino, avi, whence reti- 
naculum. So Pio, Piaculum. — However we have 
Vernaculus from Verna. 

590.] Proh, Pro. For per oh ! As Cicero : 
Proh deum atque hominum fidem ! 

591.] Advena. Ab advenio, as Gr. fir-nAvs. 
Virgil : Quisquis es . . . Tyriam qui adveneris ur- 
bem: Externum cernimus, inquit, Adventare virum. 

605.] Forus. The gang-way: from iropos, a 
passage. As Fundus from riw5o|. (2) From 
<pop<2, to bear, sustain, in the sense of a row of 
seats or galleries in a theatre. (3) Voss from forts : 
' For the gangway was not in the keel or hold of 
the vessel, but on the outside, exposed to the incle- 
mency of the weather.' 

609.] Trtvium. Tres, tria ; via. AsTridens. 

615.] Audax. Ab audeo. As Edax. 

Vexo. For ve axo, from ago, axi, whence axis. 
So Agito is used, and Fatigo from Fatimago. Thus 
Nego for Neago. (2) From veho, vexi. Martyn: 
■ A man who is taken up and carried away by vio- 
lence, is properly said to be veratus. For, as Taxo 
is a much stronger word than Tango, Jacto than 
Jacio, Quasso than Quatio, so vexo than veho.' 

616.] Extorris. Ex terra. 



617.] Imploro. From ploro. To ask with 
tears. So Exploro. 

619.] Trado. Transdo in Terence. So Trano, 
Trajicio. 

626.] Colonus. From colo. As Gr. vlwvhs, 
olu/vos. 

636.] Piaculum. Pio, as Miraculum. 

640.] Rogus. As dOmo from SA^w, so rogus 
from pay^s as in irvpoppay^s, bursting or splitting 
in the fire, or from po>|, pcoybs, taken in this sense. 
Servius says : ' Rogus dicitur, cum jam ardere 
coeperit.' — Morland says: — 'From pa>y)) fissura, 
or pcb|, pwybs : quod e fissis lignis fieret strues.' 
(2) Hall from rogo : ' For, when a dead body was 
placed on a funeral pile, it was customary to call 
upon the departed spirit by name.' For rogatus, 
like Servatus, Servus. Virgil : Manes ter magna 
voce vocavi. But thus rogus should be rather a 
dead body. 

641.] Antlis. Anus from eras, a year, whence 
Siefos, TroAvevos and Senex. So Vetus from Htqs, 
and Annosus from Annus. A, as rAtus, sAtus for 
rEtus, sEtus. 

644.] Gena. ' Tew, gena, Ion 1427. Androm. 
1181 :' Steph. 2967. Meaning thus the cheek, 
gena seems to have been confounded with 'the 
part above the cheek under the eyes:' these are 
the words of Forcellini. Cicero : Gence oculos ab 
inferiori parte tutantur. 

657.] Nimium. Nimius is for ne-medius, as 
Necesse, Nescio, Nequeo : contr. into nemius, as 
Meafiios into Medius, Potis-est into Potest, Tepavos 
into Grus. Then nimius, as vEndico, vlndico; 
lEber, liber. Or thus : nemedius, nemidius, nimius. 
Or (as nisi, nihil, nlmirum,) nimedius, nimidius, 
nimius. (2) Voss : ' Nimiian from vrj Lielou, non 
minus.' Rather, nimium is from nimis, and this for 
ne minus : Not too little, but the contrary. Nimis, ne 
dum minus. By Litotes, as : Et non innoxia verba. 

673.] Unguis. "Ow£, ovvxos, ovxvos or oyxvos, 
onguis, unguis, as "Oyxos, Uncus. (2) From oynos, 
unguis, as eKo/xai, seQUor. 

Pugnus. The hand (jrvKvos) close. As nvKvos, 
cyGnus. 

690.] Cubitus. ' KvSltov, os cubiti, Hippocr. : ' 
Steph. — Others from cubo, cubitum. On which 
they rested in lying down. 

694.] Difficilis. Dis-facilis, as Discolor. 

Obitus. Obeo, obitum, as Aditus. I. e. obeo 
mortem, to meet one's death. Morte obitd 10. 
641. 

699.] Damno. Aairavov, dapnum, damnum, as vU- 
vos, soMnus. Aaivavov is extravagant, hence ruinous, 
&c. (2) Varro from demo. Deminum, (as Domus, 
Dominus, ) demnum, damnum, as "Evvos, Annus. 

700.] Roscidus. From ros. Cidus is a termi- 
nation : al. from cado. 



^NEID, BOOK IV. 541 — V. 146. 



71 



BOOK V. 



16.] Obliquo. A derivation of obliquus by 
Schneider is given on Trilix 3. 467. (2) Others 
refer it to linquo, liqui, as Delinquo, Delictum : as 
leaving the direct path and turning aside. Thus 
also, (as Alo, Alimus whence Almus,) liquimus, 
llmus, swerving, awry, oblique. (3) Turton from 
liquo, as flowing aside : rather from the verb 
liquor. Ob, as in Obstitus. 

35.] Excelsus. See on 1. 56. 

37.] Ursa. Epithets of the bear are Gr. Xa- 
(Tiavxw-, x aLT V €ls > Lat. villosus. Now, as Moneo 
made Monsum whence Monstro and Monstrum, so 
horreo made horsum, whence horsus in the sense of 
horridus, shaggy, hairy. Horsus would fall into 
hursus, as vOltus, cOltus into vUltus, cUltus : and 
hursus would lose its aspirate like Hulcus and 
Hansa. (2) Haigh : From x*P aos i uncultivated, 
rough. As XSpros, Hortus. (3) As "A^Bwv be- 
came Umbo, &pktos or &pros (as Arctus is written 
Artus; Auctumnus Autumnus ; Mulcto Multo,) 
could be urtus, and ursus as Trjres became 27jTes, 
Trj/xepop SriiJiepov, and fjLvp^ivri is found as well 
fjLvpTos. So Pulso and Pulto, Merso and Merto, &c. 

49.] Acerbus. From aceo, or nearer through 
deer, like Super, Superbus. Thus arena from areo. 

53.] Pompa. Uofnrrj. 

64.] Nonus. Novem, Novenus, as Decenus, 
Denus. 

69.] Crudus. See on 1.221. 

Cjestus. From ccedo, ccesum. Quo ccedimus. 

77.] Carchesium. Kapxvviov. 

80.] Salveo. Salus, saluus, (as Ambiguus, 
Mutuus,) salvus. 

85.] Gyrus. Tvpbs, round. 

91.] Levis. Aelbs, Xeifos, levis, as kEIvos, 
kUvos. 

103.] Pruna. UvplvT], fiery, sparkling, whence 
-n-pviva, pruna. (2) From peruro, for perurlna, as 
Ruina : A burning coal. This is usually given 
as the root also of Pruina, Uro being to Nip : but 
rather from Trpwl'u^, as Ovid : Matutinaeque pruinse. 

109.] Circus. KtpKos. 

112.] TALENTUM. TaXavTOV. 

119.] Triplex, Triplicis. Tria as in Tri- 
dens ; plica. So Duplex. 

126.] Corus, Caurus. Schleusner : ' Xapos, 
the northwest : from x^P^ explained opfiav by 
Suidas. In Latin caurus.' Usually AU changes 
to O, as plAUdo, explOdo ; si-AUdes, sOdes ; not 



the reverse : see however on Laurus 2. 513, Auri- 
chalchum 12. 87, Auriga 5. 146. (2) Cellarius 
thinks the caurus and the %%> os different winds, 
and derives caurus from the verb caurio, formed 
from the scream of the panther. (3 ) From Kavpos, 
explained Kaicbs by Photius from Sophocles. Seneca 
calls the Caurus ' violent and rapacious.' 

128.] Apricus. ' Ab aperio, for aperlcus, like 
Anticus, Posticus : ' Facciol. Open to the sun. 

Mergus. A diver : from mergo. French plon- 
geon, a plunger. 

124.] PoPULEUS. From tranraXS) fut. of irai- 
iraXXco, to shake ; whence iranraxSeis, rugged, i. e. 
shaking or (as Dr. Jones well expresses it) jolting. 
Populus is called from the vibrating nature of its 
branches. Homer : riXa.Ko.Ta (TTpuxpScKriv Ola re 
(pvXXa /j.aKe5vr]s AirEIPOIO, which last word is 
itself from aWw, alyov. Thus irA'is became irO'ip, 
puer, (2) As Disco, Discipulus, so poto, potipulus, 
populus. Thus Spenser has The poplar never dry. 
Ovid : Populus est, memini, fluviali consita ripa. 
Virgil : Populus in fluviis. Generally, Ezek. 31. 16 : 
' All the trees of Eden that drink water.' 

141.] Lacertus. As Libertus for Liberatus, so 
lacertus for laceratus, as beaten and mangled in 
grief. Ovid : Percutit indignos claro plangore la- 
certos. Virgil : Palmis percussa lacertos. 

142.] Infindo. ~2,(priv6a), acprjvia, is to cleave 
with a wedge, whence (as 2<£aA.Aco, Fallo ; and 
rej/o), tenDo,) was fendo, findo, as TE77W, tlngo ; 
'EvSikS), vlndico. Or from <r<p7]ins, iSos, a<pr)ui86co, u. 

(2) Findo from ftSiw whence some derive Di-vido. 
As separating into distinct parts. The N disap- 
pears in Fidi, Quadrifidus, &c. The latter I omitted 
in FiSiw as Parens for Pariens, Vesta from 'Eorla. 

(3) As Fames or PHames is thought by some to 
be put for CHames 1. 216, so Findo or PHitido is 
referred by some to CHindo, from crxtScD, xi8<2. 

143.] Rostrum. From rodo, rosum, as Rado, 
Rastrum. 

146.] Auriga. From aurea and ago, like 
Quadriga. But what is aurea ? The same as o?-ea, 
a bit, used by the old writers. But orea should be 
rather put for aurea, than the reverse ; as cAUdex 
into cOdex, explAUdo into explOdo. Yet auriga 
might be written, to give a fuller sound to origa : 
See on Laurus 2. 513, Caurus 5. 126, Aurichalcum 
12. 87. Orea is easily derived from os, oris: as 
placed in the horses' mouths. Thus cro/xiov was 
F4 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



the mouthpiece of a bridle. Pestus indeed says : 
4 Qua? ad (litres equorum religabatur.' But Forcel- 
lini asks who can believe that bits were ever put to 
horses' ears ? 

163.] Palmula. From palma, the broad part 
of the hand. Thus Ormston deduces rapobs, the 
broad part of an oar, from rapcrbs, the broad part 
of the hand which is TraXd/xr), palma : ' Because 
it spreads from the narrow part, as the palm does 
from the wrist.' 

177.] Clavus. A nail, plug, peg :' the handle 
of a helm, in the form of a nail, hence the helm 
itself:' Riddle. We find in Cato ' clavis corneis 
occludere' Well then says Ainsworth : * Clavus, 
quod claudat, figat, contineat.' And, as Cado, Ca- 
divus, so claudo, claudivus, clauvus, clavus, or clausi, 
clausivus. Thus veYpov, nervus ; iraTpou, parum ; 
vaTv, vav Dor. Or thus : KXeico, to shut ; Ion. KXtfica, 
JE. nXaica, KXaca, whence cla Vus. See the observa- 
tions on 1. 141. 

187.] iEaiuLus. As Zv^os, emulation, is from 
£e<w, ferveo, and as our word Sanguine from San- 
guis, so cemulus from alfxa. AT/xa for ' animus viri- 
lis' is cited from iEschines in Ctesiph. 548 in 
Stephens 1503. Ulus, as Figulus, Querulus, Ge- 
rulus. (2) From ai/xwu, knowing, skilful, and 
therefore competing- with others. (3) From a/xiXXa, 
a contest ; through a corruption al/xXa, and cemulus 
as macUlae from ixvkXcu, aescUlapius from alanX-fi- 
mos. (4) Haigh : ' From atfx6xos, pleasing, gay, 
enticing.' Better in the sense of crwerbs, and d£vs 
iv t<S Xiyeiu, attached to it by Hesychius. 

199.] Anhelitus. Anhelo, from an, as in 
Anceps, Anfractus, for am, afx<pi. Amhalo : To 
pant all over. 

208.] Sudes. From vaSos in Sappho, for 6£os, 
a branch. Transp. <rv5os, as y IerK», Scio. Es, as 
(nwOS, stipES. (2) Voss from ov$7)v, impe- 
tuously : ' For with these stakes they formerly 
rushed to the battle.' 

Contds. Kovt6s. 

214.] Pumex. As cpripos, fUris, so pumex from 
irwfxa, a draught, whence vw/xri^. As being bibu- 
lous. (2) Soft for ptumex, (as TYTevva, Penna,) 
from nTvcrfia, Trrv/x/xa from tttvco to spit. As being 
generated from the foam of the sea ; or as the froth 
of liquefactions. (3) For spumex from spuma. 

Nidus. From vocrabs, JE. vorrbs, a nestling ; 
hence voSSbs, and niddus, as "Ofx§pos, Tmbris ; Olle, 
Ille ; kOvis, clnis ; then nidus, as from iper/xbs, 
'peTfjibs, 3 pefj.fxbs is remus. In Virgil, ' Dulcem nidis 
immitibus escam,' nidi are the nestlings. (2) From 
nitidus, trim, neat. 

228.] Instigo. From ivcrrlydoo, w, from eWnfiw, 
ivzarrlya. 

230.] Paciscor. See on 1. 249. 

237.] Reus. As XAcuva, Lsena, so reus from 



Xpeos, a trespass, sin ; also a debt, due. Hence 
reus, a person impeached and the impeacher or 
plaintiff; also a person bound to pay. (2) From 
res rei. Cujus de re agitur. Cicero : Iieos non 
modo appello eos qui arguuntur, sed de quorum re 
disceptatur. — In a civil process also, reus is used. 
Voss : ' Quia ejus res i. e. causa agitur. Res enim 
notat causam seu litem.' 

238.] Porricio. Porro, ir6pp<a, and jacio as in 
Injicio, Amicio. Porrb as in Porrigo. 

245.] Pr^co. As Parens for Pariens, so prceco 
for prcecio : from cio. Voss : ' Qui praciat, excitet 
populum ut conveniat.' (2) For prcedico, proedi- 
conis. As Verbero, are, Verbero, onis. (3) Others 
from pracino; or prceago, prceigo, from ago, to 
drive. 

246.] Declaro. Fom clarus. 

257.] Latratus. 'TXaKTijT^s is one that barks : 
JE. i'Aa/cT7jT^p, vXaicT7)p. From vXaKTTJpos, vXarjrj- 
pos, was a word vXaTTpeco, vXarrpw, whence latro, as 
'EpeTfibs, 'peTfibs, Remus ; 'EXa/xeva, 'Xa/xeua, Lamina; 
"Opafxvos, ^pdfxvos, Ramus ; 'Acrepa, Asterula, 'Stella. 

(2) From Xdrpis, famulus. ' Nam famulantur 
canes latrundo : ' Ainsw. (3) From Xaipdfa, ex- 
plained by Hesychius flapgapity. 

265.] Palor. For pabulor. To wander about 
for (pabulum) forage. (2) As said of soldiers 
straggling in the woods, to cut (pahs) stakes for 
the camp. 

269.] Puniceus. $oiviK€os. 

TiENlA. Taivia. 

271.] Debilis. For de-habilis 1.318. — Dbder- 
lein from Seco, devco, to want. ? 

275.] Viator. See 1.314. 

278.] Claudus. As Fraus, Fraudis, from 
(ppafifys 4. 355, so claudus from tcXafibs, viewed pri- 
marily as an adjective, ' broken, mutilated,' from 
KXaw, to break, whence are also tcXadapos, broken, 
and KXafx§6s, mutilated. (2) From a word cla- 
Veo, formed from tcXdca ; whence clavidus, claudus. 

(3) Ainsw. from clausus pedibus, i. e. impeditus. ? 
302.] Invito. For invocito, invoito, as Pro- 

videns, Proidens, Prudens. 

305.] Nemo. Ne homo quidem. 

307.] Spiculum. From spica 3. 594. 

309.] OLIVA. Ab eAata, iXaiFa. As "EXaiov, 
Oleum ; and &xAIot, achiVi. 

310.] PHALER2E. Allied to (pdXapa. 

313.] Bai/teus. BXrireos, JE. fiXdreos, )8a\- 
rios, balteus : , Which may be cast round, for 
aficptfUXriTeos. Thus irvs is a.fx<pirvs. Balteus is 
a/u.(pi§Xr)fx.a. (2) Becm. for bullatus. ? 

Teres. From reipco, rep£. Worn away by a 
rounding wheel. Virgil : Radios trivere rotis. For- 
cellini explains tero ' torno, to turn : quod fit abra- 
dendo.' And Topvos is a turner's wheel, which is 
from Teropa. 



iENEID, BOOK V. 163—610. 



314.] Contentus. Contineo, contentum. Who 
keeps himself within what he has. 

320.] Intervallum. The space hetween 
(yallos) the stakes of the rampart of a camp. 

324.] Calx. From callum, the hard skin of 
the foot, here especially the heel. Hence, (as in 
Matrix, Cornix,) callix, calx. (2) Voss : 'From 
calx, the end of a course, which from x^'l* a flint- 
stone : as consisting of a white line drawn with 
(calx) mortar or some kind of chalk.' (3) From 
KaraA-hyc*}, /raTaAA^£&>, /caA\^|«, JE. KoAAd|w, /caA£a>. 

332.] Titubo. Morland : ' From rvrrrw, ri- 
rv((>a, impingo pedem.' Hence a new verb Te™<pa>, 
titubo. Or tvttoS, t^tvttu, as TtAA&>, Titillo. Thus 
Offendo, to strike against, is from Fendo, to strike. 
(2) From rv<p6u, w, to wrap in smoke or mist : in 
a passive sense. (3) From rvrda £w, rxma or 
rvda j8&>, parum eo. 

333.] Fimus. Ainsworth: ' From fio, oleo, as 
from Suffio is Suffimen. From &vw, iEol. </>tW 
Scheid : ' Properly, exhalatus, fumum emittens, 
from fio whence suffio.'' (2) Allied to inap, fat, 
v'uov and irine\-f}. Virgil has i fimo pingui.' For- 
cellini explains fimus ' quo agri stercorantur.' F, as 
Fundus from ITwSa| ; Fere from liepi. (3) From 
(pvpfxbs, (pv/uL/j-hs, inquinamentum ; or (pvp/na, <pv[xfia, 
fimus. (Steph. 10250.) I, as o-tTitos, stipes ; <ppYya>, 
frlgo. (4) From vw, v/ibs, Fv/xos, moisture. 

339.] Palma. The palm was a token of vic- 
tory. See Palma 3. 705. 

340.] Cave a. Any hollow place, from cavus; 
like Trabea. A theatre or amphitheatre, ' quod 
interior pars concava esset, capaci profunditate : ' 
Forcell. 

357.] Udus. For uvidus, (as Frigidus,) from 
uveo, to be wet. This from xxa or a lengthened 
form vi<a, vUw, (as dew, aVeo,) whence vztSs. 

380.] Alacris. Soft for adacris, &da.Kpvs, tear- 
less, as dAvao-evs, uLysses. 

405.] Plumbum. Dove-coloured, from palum- 
bes, a woodpigeon, which is called oluas from its 
wine color. (2) Haigh 'from ireWa/xa, blueness, 
wanness.' Hence, (as <pQ.pos, fUris,) pluma, and, 
(as k6\ov, KoXogbv, ) plumibum, plumbum. So acer- 
BUM, superBUM. (3) M6\i§os, fi6\€os, whence 
(as Moptpd, Qopfxa, Forma,) \6[jl§os; and, as p65ov 
became Bp65ov, and panres, Bp&>7res, (though the B 
is thought to stand in these for the Aspirate,) fi\6fi- 
€os, plumbum, as oTuO^,, vinUM. 

Insuo. Suo appears in the obs. <tvw, whence 
Kaaavw for Karaaixa. (2) * From sus, suis : as for- 
merly the bristles of hogs were used for sewing 
instead of needles, as they are in our days by shoe- 
makers: ' Dumesn. 

413.] Cerebrum. I. e. kerebrum for karabrum, 
(as Candelabrum,) from napa. Pertaining to the 
head. E, as irAo-aaXos, pEssulus. — There are ap- 



proaches in the sense of nepas to 'head' through 
that of ' eminence,' but not strong enough to ad- 
vance. (Steph. 4869. 1.6.) However Voss says : 
' From icepas i. e. KecpaAr), caput, Hesych.' And 
this seems conclusive. 

426.] Digitus. From a word SeiKerbs from 
deiKw/jLi, to point out. With which we point. 
' Digito monstrabitur, Hie est : ' Juv. The fore • 
finger was particularly called ZciktikSs. (2) For 
thigitus (as ®ebs, Deus,) from &iyu, to touch with. 

429.] Lacesso. Lacio, as Facesso. 

467.] Dirimo. Soft for diimo, as nova&wv, 
musaRum. Emo 1. 216. 

469.] Crassus. From npas Mo\. of Kp4as, Kprjs, 
flesh. Voss : ' a multa came.' For Kpeaacros, says 
Becman. See Spissus 2.621. 

479.] Libro. From \irpa, a pound weight : JE. 
Xiwpa, libra, as KeYlop, liBer. 

489.] Malus. From malus, the apple-tree ; 
this from [xuXov, an apple. This tree being used 
for any, as being common and solid withal. Dry- 
den : ' Thus apple-trees, whose trunks are strong 
to bear Their spreading boughs,' &c. 

502.] Nervus. Nevpov, vevpfov, (as v\a, v\Fa, 
sylVa,) neurvum, nervum or nervus. Or vevpov, 
neurivus, as Cado, Cadivus: then nervus. 

540.] Appello. See on 1. 581. 

550.] Turma. For terma, says Varro, i. e. 
from ter : ' Quod xxx equites ex tribus tribubus, 
Tatiensium, Ramnium et Lucerum, fiebant.' Thus 
vUlsus, pUlsus for vElsus, pElsus. Turnebus 
thinks it put thus for terima. (2) Jos. Scaliger : 
Turma, r6p/xv, rSp/aos, rotunditas, like Cohors 3. 
563. Tdp/xos from rcipu, repaJ, Terop/xai, as (p4pw, 
(pop/x6s ; Ketpco, Kop/j.6s. See on Teres 313. (3) As 
Glubo, Glubima, so torqueo, torquima, torma ; as <Xr;, 
turma, is allied to el\iu), conglobo. Globus mili- 
tum. (4) As in the Gloss. Philox. we find ' Turma, 
\6xos, 5ta5po/*)/,' so Zpofi^, Soppa, Turma, as AeTjuop, 
Timor. (5) Is. Voss : ' Turba and turma, as Globus 
and Glomus.' That is turbima, turma. 

579.] Flagellum. Yromflagrumfvovaflagro: 
soft for flagrellum. Plautus : Quern faciam fla- 
grantem fiagris. Horace: Peruste funibus latus. 
(2) Soft for plagrum from ir\ayw fut. of 7rA^crera>, to 
strike. As riept, Fere. 

588.] Labyrinthus. AaivpiuQos. 

598.] Priscus. Riddle: ' From pris, the Gr. 
irpiv.' Scheid supposes that irph was the nomina- 
tive, irp\v the accusative. Hence irpiaKos, as fiov- 
aiKos, &c. and as kv in (pva<r\ from (puadu. So in 
Unicus, Modicus, &c. — Others from prius. 

600.] Porro. U6ppw. Far, further, further 
on, besides, moreover. 

608.] Saturo. Satis, satur, saturo. 

610.] Trames. A cross way. Transmeo, trameo, 
made into a word tramo, (as Occapio, Occupo,) 



74 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



whence {rcunitinn, as Implico, Implicitum. Or tra- 
mcdtuin, trametum, tramitum. (2) For trahimes from 
traho, as Foveo, Fovimes, Fonies. Thus 'Ayvih 
from 670?, and Ofyuj from oloo, oV<tu, oJ/xat. Virgil : 
Qua te dccit via. But this does not express the 
cross-way. 

613.] Acta. 'Akt^. 

635.] Infaustus. Faveo, favsi, fausi, faustum, 
as Hausi, Haustum. Favorable. (2) Voss : ' For 
(pavarbs from (paid), <paxa, ^>tj/u.' To speak in 
favor of. 

654.] Malignus. See on Benignus 1. 304. 

664.] Cuneus. Haigh : ' From kwvos, a cone ; 
any thing ending in a point' As Alveus, Ferreus. 
Thus we have humerus from ^H/nos. (2) From 
ywvia, an angle. Thus the French coin is both a 
wedge and a corner. (3) Is. Voss : ' Ab wis, wvis, 
vvut], porcinum caput.' C for the aspirate. 

682.] Vomo. From Fefj.4co, Fefxu, as vEbs, 
nOVus. 

683.] Vapor, Vapos. From airos Eur. Phoen. 
865, tiredness ; properly, breathing hard. Schol. : 
rbp najxarov, 7) rb anb rr\s o5o0 acrOfia. Breath, 
vapor. V, as in oAcStttjI, aobA-rrnl, Vulpes. And a, 
as e in *Hicap, jecur. (2) From kolQvw, spiro : M. 
ircHpvw, as Kvajxos, iEolice Hvanos, and AvKos, AvUos, 
luPus. Hence vapheo, as Veru from Ueipu, TlepoS ; 
and vapeo, whence vapidus. Or thus : tracpiw, (pa- 
irvoD, vapeo. (3) Scheid from &a>, FdFw; the Pin 
the place of the latter Digamma, as in laPis. 

684.] Prosum. Sum pro. 

687.] Exosus. Odi, osum sum. So Perosus. 

708.] Infit. Incipit, inpit, aspirated inphit, 
infit. Thus in the Glosses we find ' Infe, &p£ai.' 
That is, Incipe. Thus we find both acTldpayov 
and a<T$dpayov, <rIl6yyos and cr$6yyos. (2) For 
inficit from infacio, opposed to defacio, deficio. That 
is, facit verba, as Prudentius uses infit for Loquitur. 
Or inficit, as opposed to deficit, is Incipit, since we 
find Farier infit, &c. 

732.] Avernus. For Avornus from &Fopvos, 
bird-less. See 6. 239—242. 

734.] Amoznus. As Alumnus, Vertumnus, 
Auctumnus for Alomenos, Vertomenos, Aucto- 
menos, so amo, amomenos, amoenos, amcenus. (2) D6- 
derlein: 'lor animoenus, as Camoense for Cani- 
moenae. Ammo relaxando idoneus.' ? 

744.] L.AR, Laris. As Parum from Tlavpov, 
Laris is from A.avpa, a street, road, way. For the 
Lares were tutelar deities not only of houses, but 



of towns and roads. (2) Haigh from \apbs, agree- 
able, pleasant. (3) Others from the Gaelic lar, the 
ground on which a house is built. 

745.] Acerra. From deer, as made of that 
wood. As Pyxis from Tlv^os. Aceris, acerera, as 
Patera, 'Ea-irepa ; then acerra. (2) Corrupted from 
eVxapo, do-xepa, an altar : ascerera, acerra. Festus 
calls it an altar placed before a dead person and on 
which incense was burnt. 

746.] Arcesso : for which some incorrectly 
write Accerso. From arcio, as Facesso, Lacesso. 
For ad-cio, as aDbiter, aRbiter. 

754.] Vividus. From vivus, as Frigidus. 

755/ Aratrum. Ab aro aratum. 

758.] Forum. From fero, or (pop4w, a. Varro: 
Quo conferrent suas controversias, et quae vendere 
vellent, et quo quseque ferrent, forum appellarunt. 
(2) From Treipea, Treiropa, whence iropos and ifiiroptov. 

761.] Tolero. See on 1. 66. 

772.] Vitulus. Hesychius explains XtvXos by 
ueos, airaXbs, which (as FirvAos) agrees with vitulus. 
Wakefield refers to frvAos in the Schol. on Theocr. 
3. 7, and adds: Hinc Lat. vitulus. (2) Haigh 
says : ' Ab IraAbs from Ir-qs, bold.' It appears that 
WaXbs was a bull. For Varro says that Timseus 
writes that bulls were called IraAol; and he and 
Columella state that Italy was so called from this 
word. Vitulus would thus be a bull-calf 

783.] Mitigo. From mitis, whence mitico, as 
Claudico, Fabrico ; then mitigo. So Purgo. 

787.] Perimo. See on Emo 1. 216, and Pereo 
2. 428. 

789.] Nuper. Novus, noviper, as Parumper, 
Paulisper, Tantisper, from Gr. irep. So prOVI- 
dens, prOIdens, prUdens. Thus Gr. veua-rl, viov 
yeyacara Homer. (2) Morland for vvvirep: nunper, 
nupper. (3) Scaliger from novo opere. 

799.] Edo. E, do, to give out. As Prodo. 

822.] Cete. Ktjttj. 

840." Somnium. Somnus 1. 353. 

846.] Paulisper. See on 789. 

857.] Inopinus. Opinor, says Riddle, from 
Oiiofxai, o'Cofxai. That is bFiofxai, opinor, as Sats, 
daPis ; Aaas, laPis. N, as fxe'mv, miNor ; craos, 
saNus ; 7n'w, 7riNa> ; and see siNo on 1. 18. (2) 
From imvou ; or from ttIvvw, whence -nivvaKta, 
-nXwrbs, wise, understanding. O, as in Oportet, 
Omitto. See on Opacus 2. 725. 

862.] Secius. See on 2. 382. 



.ENEID, BOOK V. 613 — VI. 238. 



75 



BOOK VI. 



6.] Semen. Sero, serimen, or sevi, sevimen. As 
Nomen, Numen. 

16.] Arctos. "ApKTos. 

22.] Urna. 'Y5piVi7, udrina, urdna, urna. A 
water vessel. Aspirate lost, as in "EAkos, Ulcus. 
(2) As prepared by fire. Uro, urina, as Ruina, 
Rapina. (3) Orca, orcina, orna. (4) Varro : 
' Quod in aqua haurienda urinat' ducks under. ? 

27.] Inextricabilis. Extrico is, ex tricis 
solvo, I free from impediments. Nonius says that 
tricoe are hairs or threads which entangle the feet 
of cocks, and trica is thus referred to Tptxa, hair. 
(2) Or from TpGxos, a shred, as Ian A from neut. 
AavOS. Hence trices can be put for any thing 
trifling, trifles, toys. (3) Martial joins together 
Apinae tricceque : and Pliny makes them the names 
of two towns : ' Diomedes delevit urbes duas quae 
in proverbii ludicrum vertere, Apinam et Tricam.' 

30.] FlLDM. From etAew, etAcS, fetAco, convolvo, 
torqueo, as Firmus from fetpjuoy. Dr. Johnson de- 
fines Thread « a small twist,' and deduces it from a 
Saxon word meaning Twist. (2) Aspirated from 
7nAew, w, to condense. We speak of a ball of 
thread. Voss : ' Dum trahitur duciturque, eadem 
opera torquetur et condensatur.' (3) From figo, 
fixi, Jixillum, as Vexillum, Velum. As fastening 
things together. 

48.] Como. From KOfx/xoco, eo, to dress up, adorn. 
(2) From /cocr^e'eo, w, as 'Eperfxbs, Remus. (3) 
Riddle from coemo, to take and put together. So 
Promo, Demo. 

75.] Ludibrium. From ludo. So Manubrium. 

83.] Defungor. Haigh from vvw ccyw, Fvviv 
ayw, to drive the plough; and, as this was the 
essential labor for the support of life, it was used 
generally for being laborious in any occupation. 
(2) Perott from f unus ago. As we say an Under- 
taker. (3) As from Fabrica was Fabricor, from 
iroviKhs, laborious, was ponicor, phoncor, fungor. 
Or from a verb iroviKdoLiai, a>/xai. (4) As Exhaurio 
and Exantlo labores, was a Latin phrase, so cr<poy- 
yov/xai, formed from (r<poyybs, a sponge, i. e. to ex- 
haust and absorb as a sponge, and in fungor (as 
2<paAAa>, Fallo,) exhaurio labores. (5) 2-n-evSco, 
Icnreu/fa, whence a new verb ianevicw, '(rirevKw, 
'airevKOLim, whence fucor, fuNgor. 

97.] Minimus. From minor, as Pluris, Pluri- 
mus ; Deterior, Deterrimus ; Prior, Primus. 



107.] Palus. Not more unpromising than 
Formica from Mvpfx-n^, Vulpes from 'A\d>Trn£, and 
Hirundo from XeAt8cbj/, is paludis from Fe\d>5-ns, 
iEolic of eXcaSrjs, marshy. The Digamma is usually 
expressed by V or F, but sometimes by P, for it is 
of the same organic nature with the other two. 
Thus also in Piscis, daPis, laPis, it is substituted 
for it. A, as [xEvew, mAneo ; U, as (pripos, f Uris. 
(2) Ainsw. from JEo\. ird\bs, mud. As <pHpa, fera. 

120.] Fides. ' Not because the strings of mu- 
sical instruments agree together {fide) with a 
mutual agreement, according to Festus ; but from 
abides, which in Hesychius are strings : ' Delph. 
Ed. As 2*dAAco, Fallo. (2) Becman from v8o*, 
F uSco, i. e. vllviS, aBca. 

144.] Virga. See on 3. 23. 

Metallum. From lvetciWov, a mine. 

150.] Incesto. From in, castus. 

161/ Humo. To place (Jhumo) in the ground. 

167.] Lituds. From Atrbs, thin, slender. ' Gra- 
cilem edit sonum,' says Forcellini. And Dacier ; 
' a sono acuto.' But Is. Voss from its shape : * For 
the lituus is long indeed but thin.' (2) From 
kXvtIs, explained by Stephens ' cujus vox exaudiri 
potest, vocalis, vocem edens.' K omitted, as G in 
TAct/cToy, Lactis. (3) Riddle from lito. 

171.] Concha. K6yxv- 

180.] Picea. As shedding (picem) pitch. 

181.] Fraxineus. Dr. Turton : ' Fraxinus 
from (ppoi^is, a hedge. From its use in forming 
hedges.' €>pct|is is not found, but <ppayjj.6s : yet the 
Cretans said &£os for the common ay llos 1. 108. 
(2) From &pa<r<ra), £co, M. <ppdi-a>, to trouble, dis- 
quiet. Ovid: Ut quatitur fraxina virga Noto. (3) 
From frago, fraxi, (fraJYgo,) as Ago, Axi whence 
Axis. From its power of breaking substances. 
Hesiod derives the third age of man from ash-trees, 
as being robust. 

199.] Prodeo. For proe'o, as proDest. 

200.] Viscum. From i^bs, Futabs, Fi<xtt6s. As 
oTvOS, VinUM. From the accusative. 

209.] Bractea. From /3pax«, PeSpaftrcu, cre- 
pito. ' Quia bractea, j aetata manu, plicatur et 
crepitat : ' Forcell. So Virgil here applies to it 
* crepitabat.' 

222.] FERETRUM. *e'p6TpOJ/. 

237] Hiatus. Hio 1. 106. 

238.] Scrupeus. Hesychius explains CKvpurrt 



76 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



6$bs by air6KpoTos. S/cup&n-bs then, or (TKpunbs, JE. 
CKpwirbs, is scrupus, as <pnpos, f Uris ; 'XlAeVa, "ClXva, 
Ulna. (2) From CKvpos, scrupus, may be c«v- 
patpos, as from cKtpos is <TKtpa(pos. Hence crKpv<pos, 
scrupus. 

244.] Ixvergo. Fergo for version ago, (as Cir- 
cumago, Cingo,) to drive towards, make to tend or 
verge. Here it means ' ita fundo ut vergat deorsum.' 
(2) As Claudico, Fabrico, so verto, vertico, verco, 
vergo. ' Conversd plane manu sive patera deorsum 
effundit : ' Delph. Ed. (3) From epx w > the active 
of epxopcu, digammated. 

245.] S^;ta, Seta. Xatrr], x°" Ta ' hceta, as 
Xopros, Hortus : then sceta, as "Eptrw, Serpo. So 
$yXos, enSis. 

248.] Culter. From colo, coltum, to prune. 
Properly, a pruning or vine knife. Ainsworth 
understands it ' quo terram colebant. , 

252.] Inchoo. Festus says that it seems to be 
derived from the Greek, since Hesiod calls Chaos, 
xdos, the beginning of all things. Or rather be- 
cause Chaos was, in the words of Ovid, ' rudis in- 
digestaque moles : ' which agrees with Dumesnil's 
explanation of inchoo, ' to rough-hew, to make the 
rough draught of.' Inchao would easily fall into 
inchoo. (2) From iyxw, *yx oa "> to fill the cup, and 
so to pour it out in sacrifice. Thus ' Libo is used 
as a sacrificial word, for pouring wine or any other 
liquor on the altar or air or sea, to signify that that 
is wholly sacred to the God, the first part of which 
is poured out in honor to him : ' Forcell. 

258.] Profanus. Procul a fanis, as Profestus 
is Procul a fastis. Thus ' procul procuV in this 
line. Not initiated in the mysteries, secular, 
common. — Fanum, says Livy, is 'locus templo 
effatus,' dedicated by a set form of words. Or 
where the priests were wont (fari) to declare the 
will of the gods. But Haigh : ' From fyavov. For 
temples were richly ornamented.' 

261.] Opus. There is work or business to be 
done by the exertion of &c. : it is the task or busi- 
ness. Thus we say, You had no business to do so. 
The Greeks say %pyov icri rivos, abv epyop (tkottzlv 
tovto. Aristoph. : ovKer epyov eyKaOevdeiv "arts 
ear i\evdepos. 

265.] Morbus. Hesychius ; M6pos' &dvaros, 
<p66pos, tt6vqs, voaos. From this last, (x6pos or 
p.6pFos, (as vKa, vkFa, sylVa,) is morvus or morbus. 

281.] Vipereus. Viper a for vivipara. 'For 
it is said to be the only kind of serpent which pro- 
duces a living animal : ' Forcell. (2) For viripara, 
1. e. virus pariens, as Parens for Parlens. (3) For 
virifera, vifera, vipera. (4) From faro), Tirov, Fittov, 
to hurt. As patERA, IottEPA. 

283.] Ulmus. Haigh thus reasons: '"OA/ios 
is a mortar, pestle, tripod, a kind of cup, a part of 
the leg, the trunk of the body. The four first 



meanings have nothing in common but the wood 
of which they are made, and the rest clearly allude 
to the trunk of a tree. This is undoubtedly the 
elm, ulmus, the wood of which was in very general 
use among the Greeks and Romans.' — "OA.^09 is 
however referred by Liddell and Lennep to et'Aw, 
o\fj.ai, volvo. Hence? (2) Isidorus refers it to 
the (uliginosa) marshy places, in which, he says, it 
best grows. Rather from e'Aoy, a marsh ; whence 
kXtfjios, e'A/xos, ulmus, as"E\Kos, Ulcus. But it does 
not at all appear that the assertion of this miserable 
etymologist is correct. Indeed it is called ' raon- 
tana.' Hence? (3) The epithets of the elm are 
' frondosa, alta, patula, densa, procera, ardua, aeria, 
ramosa,' in Greek ev(pvkAos, alireivr), ev<pvf]s. Now, 
as from Alo is Alimus, Almus, so from oleo, to 
grow, is olimus, olmus, ulmus, well grown, grown 
thick and tall, as Altus from Alo. The gender 
may seem to affect this etymology ; yet Ornus is 
derived from the masculine dpeivSs. Skinner, says 
Wachter, refers all the northern affinities of ulmus 
to the Latin. 

287.] Bellua. From helium, as Mutua, Am- 
bigua. I. e. belligerent, always at war with other 
animals. Thus Horace calls wolves 'martiales 
lupos.' 

296.] Cosnum. From icoivbv, common, profane, 
then abominable, filthy. Or common refuse. 

Vorago. From voro, as Plumbago. Virgil : 
Vorat aequore vortex. 

298.] Portitor. From porta, as Janitor. 

301.] Sordidus. Voss : ' Sordes from acepbs, 
a heap. The filth of a house collected into a heap.' 
Soridus, sordus, sordes. (2) Ainsworth from a-apSw, 
to sweep. The sweepings of the house. (3) As 
(Tvpjxas from avpw is refuse, rubbish, so a word 
auprbs whence sordes. (4) With S prefixed, as in 
Saxum, Sarcio, from apSa, filth. O, as dA/x<S, dOmo; 
Trpd<rov, irapvov, irhppov, pOrrum. 

303.] Cymba. Kvp£ri. 

309.] Auctumnus, Autumnus. Ab augeo, 
auctum : In which the resources of the earth are 
augmented. From the Gr. -6/xej/os, as in Alumnus, 
Vertumnus. 

315.] Navtta. From navis. Or rather vavd- 
T7?s, M. vavdra, navdta, navita, as /xaxAva, ma- 
chlna. 

320] Lividus. From ireXeifos, lividus, was 
pelivus, as dxaifbs, achiVus : whence peliveo and 
(as rdAaKTos, Lactis ; Yivugku, Nosco,) liveo. See 
on Limbus, 4. 137. (2) From A'i§vs, an African. 
I. e. to be dark coloured. Thus Navpos is both a 
Moor and dark. 

340.] Hunc. "Ov Ke, ov tc, or ov ye, ov y\ as 
vvv ye, vvv y\ nunC. So Hanc is av k' or av 7' ; 
Hoc is 8 k' or 8 y\ 

356.] Violentus, Violens. Soft for hiolentus 



iENEID, BOOK VI. 244—631. 



77 



from )8ia, like Opes, Opulentus. V, as Bt«, Vivo. 
Others from vis, vi ; or violo 2. 1 54. 

363.] Jucundus. Juvo, juvacundus, as Ira- 
cundus. 

367.] Creatrix. Varro mentions an old form 
cereo, whence creo : hence from Kepdw, Kepduvvfxi, to 
mingle, whence Kpdw, and Kpaais. Here, to mix 
together the component parts, ' particulam undique 
dissectam,' Hor. : thus to form, create. Eo, as 
/jlolSAO., madEo. (2) From x e Po y » manus ; whence 
Xe/je'w, to model with the hand, tracto fingoque 
manu. (3) As fiaivca, aalvco, from fidw, ada>, so 
Kpaivw from Kpda>. To execute, complete. 

374.] Severus. Se^pos, from <reg« : venerable, 
grave, aefiv6s. V, as Bto>, Vivo. 

378.] Finitimus. Finis, as Legitimus. 

382.] Parumper. See Nuper 5. 789. 

400.] Licet. Si licet ut. 

Janitor. From janua. So Par lens, Parens. 

402.] Patruus. On the (patris) father's side. 
As Ambiguus. 

411.] Jugum. A bench. Zvy6v. 

412.] Alveus. In some of its senses like 
Alvus 2. 51. In that of the channel of a river, 
and a conduit-pipe, referred to ahXos, av\F6s, (as 
v\Fa, sylVa,) a pipe: or to &\ol-, &\Fo£, a furrow. 

414.] Sutilis. Suo, sutum: as Alo, Altum, 
Altilis. 

416.] Glaucus. TkavicSs. 

420.] Offa. From o/xira, uirira, 6(p<pa : or ofx-rra, 
ofi<pa, o<p<pa. Hesychius: "O/xirai' ^v/xara irvpQ Kal 
fieXiri SeSev/xeV a. Also : "O/Juria ' TravTodaira rpca- 
yd\ia. 

421.] GuTTUR. Teva, yeyevaTat, yeyevrrat, as 
irla-Tis, JE. Trims. So also Gula. From the taste 
of things there. Theocritus : MeAt tol y\vKv touto 
Kara fipSxOoio yevono. (2) From x v ™ s > X urT ° s ? 
whence Gutta. Where liquids are poured down. — 
Ainsworth from gutta : ' Quod cibus et potus per 
guttur guttatim labitur.' (3) From the sound gut 
gut, made by the throat in drinking. So Guttus, a 
vessel with a narrow mouth ; from the same sound. 

426.] Vagitus. From j8afo>, fiiedya, to speak 
inarticulately, is vagio. As Bopoi, Voro. 

427. Infans. In-fans, not speaking : as vf\irios 

from V7) 67TOJ. 

431.] Judex. See on 1. 27. 

435.' Perosus. See Exosus 5. 687. 

439/ Coerceo. Arceo 1. 300. 

449/ Figura. Figo, jingo, as Tago, Tango. 

462.] Sentus. From sentis 2. 379. 

Situs. Sino, aitum. Where things are suffered 
to lie as they are, neglected. 

473.] Pristinus. From Gr. irpis. See Priscus 
5. 598. As Cras, Crastinus. — Others for priustinus. 

481] Caducus. From cado. Much as Pudicus. 
Or from the Greek termination in euuovxos, &c. 



494.] Lanio. Haigh ' from lanius, a butcher, 
and this from Xd'ivos, \dnos, stony, cruel.' Or from 
Aaicifa, KaKiw, to rend, whence latino, lacinius, 
lanius. From this latino Ainsworth derives laN- 
cino Then from lanius is lanio. 

497.] Nares. From vapds, flowing. 

504.] Strages. Sterno,stravi,straviges,strages: 
like Sero, Seges. 

552.] Adamas. 'A8dfM<xs. 

Catena. From /coTaSew, /caSew, to bind, whence 
(as 'Arr-qur], Elpi)vT], Habena,) K.a$i)vq or cadena, ca- 
tena, as Aaida., Taeda. (2) From catulus, an iron 
collar, whence catulena, catena. (3) For canitSna, 
a dog-chain. (4) From (els) icad* 'kva. A chain 
consisting of links one after the other. (5) Scheid 
from KaQew, Kadiy/xi : ' Demissa, dependens.' 

576.] Hydra. a r8pa. 

595.] Alumnus. Alo, alomenos. See on vs. 
309. 

596.] Jugerum. From jugo, jungo. The space 
occupied in two ' actus quadrati' joined together. 
(2) From jugum. As much as could be ploughed 
by a yoke of oxen in one day. 

597.] Porrigo. Porro, Tr6ppw ; and rego 1. 153. 
So Porricio 5. 238. 

Voltur, Vultur. From vello, vulsum and vul- 
tum, as Pello, Pultum, Pulto. From its plucking 
and tearing. (2) From Fo\eTT]p, FoKr^p, the de- 
stroyer. (3) From volatum. From its rapid flight. 
(4) From voltus. From its keen eye. 

598.] Jecur. T Hirap, M. 5)Kap, hecur, jecur, 
much as 'twos and yivvos, for our Garden and the 
French Jardin are the same, e, as <pHpa, fera. 

Fcecundus. See on Foetus 1. 51, and on jucun- 
dus 6. 363. 

599.] Rimor. To scrutinise (rimas) the chinks. 

600.] Fibra. Properly the extremity of any 
thing, from ' the old fiber, fibra, um, extremus,' 
says Varro. As Facio, Faciber, Faber, so finio, 
finiber, fiber. — Here fibra is the extremity of the 
entrails : elsewhere that of trees, i. e. a fibre. 

603.] Genialis. '' Either a generando [i. e. 
from yevew, geneo, genui,~] or from Genius, the pre- 
sider over life and joy : 'Del ph. ed. Genius is from 
7ej/e'co, as assisting at the birth. 

604.] Fulcrum. Fulcio, fulticrum, fulcrum, as 
Sepultum, Sepulticrum, Sepulcrum. 

609.] Cliens, Clientis. From k\vw, kAmi/- 
ros, hearing, attending to his patron. (2) From 
K\zicav ; as honoring and respecting his patron. 

612.] Adulterium. Adulter is one who goes 
(ad alteram) to another. The Schol. on Eur. Med. 
677 has fir] avve\6e7u erepa. 

631.] Fornix. An arch, and an arched vault. 
Some deduce this from iropurj, a harlot, from their 
standing under arched vaults under ground. Gloss. 
Vett. : ' Fornicaria, irSpyrj, airb Kap.dpas fj 'laraurai. ' 



78 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



Horace : Nullatn nisi olenti fornice stantem. Ju- 
venal : Lenonum pueri quocunque in fornice nati. 
(2 s ) Some think the first meaning was from fortius, 
(wvpivos, iripvos,) a furnace. As being arched like 
it. (3) From foro, to perforate, whence forlnus, 
fortius. Thus Pontanus says that Fornices and 
Cavernae were at first the same. Voss : Quia essent 
saxa petrseve perforata. (4) From <popu>: The 
arch supporting the superincumbent weight. 

644.] Chorea. Xopela. 

647.] Pecten. A comb, and any thing resem- 
bling it : from pecto. But Forcellini deduces the 
sense of the quill from pecto as used in Plautus for 
Beating, but in a jocular manner, as we say, To 
give one a dressing. 

657.] P^AN. Tlaidv. 

674.] Pratum. As Theocritus uses irparos for 
trpwTos, and alyav for alywv, and as gnArus is from 
yvClphs 1. 198, so Pparov would be written for j8p«- 
tov, edible for cattle, as opposed to arable land ; and 
hence pratum for euphony, as Premo from Bdprjfia, 
Bp^a 1 . 54. (2) Haigh : From irepardv, irparov, 
passable, open. (3) Pliny says that the ancients 
said paratum, ready at hand without the assistance 
of art. Opposed to Arvum, which requires culti- 
vation. Varro and Columella support this view. 

682.] Recenseo. Censeo is to count, reckon, 
compute, assess according to estimate ; from Kevaai, 
to prick. Thus Forcellini explains Dispungo, 
1 supputo, numero, i. e. punctis noto.' Haigh says : 
Censeo might at first mean to vote by a point or 
mark, and thereby show one's opinion. (2) From 
yeveais, yivais. To count back one's descent or 
family. 

709.] LlLIUM. Aeipiov. 

715.] Poto. As iru/xa from obs. troco, rritTWjxai, 
so 7toGt7js in Lobeck, Phryn. 456, from irerrcaTai, and 
avdirwris, &ixttwtis is from the same. Hence "nurda, 
7rcoTc5, poto. So ttotos is found. 

730.] Vigor, Vigeo 2. 88. 

731.] Noxius. Producing noxam 1. 41. 

736.] Funditus. From fundus 2.419. From 
the very bottom : like Immo 1. 753. 

738.] Inolesco. Oleo 1. 75. 

742.' Eluo. Luo, Kovu. 

743/ Exinde. See on Inde 1. 275. 

746/ Eximo. Emo 1.216. 

747.] Simplex, Simplicis. From sine plicis, 
without folds. As priMceps, priNceps. 

758.] Illustris. As Sublustris. From lustro, 
to look on every side. That is, open to view. — 
Some understand lustro here, to purify. I think, 
says Forcellini, that lustro is applied to the light, 
* quia tenebrse polluere mentem credebantur.' 
(2) From luceo, lucsum, lucstrum, (as Rasum, Ras- 
trum,) and lustrum, whence lustro. 



763.] Postumus, Posthumus. Who is born, 
after his father is put into (humum) the ground. 
But others neglect the H, and compare the old 
Intumus, Extumus, Maxumus, for Intimus, &c. 
Forcellini says : « He was called postumus, who was 
born the last of his father's children. Among the 
Lawyers, it was one born during his father's life 
after he had made his will.' But, though it was 
not necessary that a son should be born after his 
father's death because he was the last, yet postumus 
might have acquired this particular sense by 
custom. 

803.] Paco. From pax, pads. 

804.] Pampinus. Becman from FdfKpoivos, i. e. 
oju.</>' <fivT)v, circa vitem : pampini being the leaves 
of the vine. Thus the initial P is for the Digamma 

as in Palus 6. 107, Piscis 4. 255 Martini says it 

is for ir6a a/u.^ o%vi)v, herba circa vitem. Ains- 
worth for (pvWdfnreXos. But pampinus is rather 
from Fa/jLireKivos, Fdfiirivos. 

805.] Liber. From libero, as AuoTos from \va>. 
As freeing from care. (2) From Aei&u, to pour 
out wine. 

815.] Jacto. To toss oneself about in a vaunt- 
ing manner. So 'sejactet' 1. 140. 

817.] Vis. For volis. 

818.] Fascis. As 'S.cpdyavov became Qdayavov, 
(TtydiceWos could become <pd(nce?<\os or (pdtnceAos (as 
KpvaTdWos and KpvaraXos,) contracted to <pd<TKos, 
fascis. (2) As from lljbs is viSCus, so from Tracts 
paSCis or phaSCis. Uij^is, taken like irriyjia as 
any thing composed of boards, or here of sticks, 
joined together. 

821.] Libertas. Liber or liberus from 'Aeu- 
(pepos or i\ev<pepos Mo\. for tAevdepos, as iEol. (prjpa. 
Hence luberus as ajx^co, amBo : and liberus, as 
(ppTyw, frlgo ; orrTitos, stipes ; kXTovtos, cllentis. 
(2) From licet is liciber, liber, (as tibllcen, tibicen,) 
as Facio, Faciber, Faber. 

840.] Temero. See on 2. 143. 

862.] Parum. From travpov. (2) Parvuliim, 
paruliim, parum. 

870.] Propago. From pago, pango. The 
branch of a tree fixed in the earth without being 
separated from the parent stock, that new shoots 
may spring from it : hence a shoot, offspring. Pro, 
troppw, at length. 

881.] Caecar. From calx, calcis, the heel. 

Armus. Ab apfibs, compages. ' It signifies 
properly the knitting of the shoulder with the 
arm :' Forcell. ■ The whole joining,' says Wach- 
ter, ' from the shoulders to the fist. And what is 
the arm but such a compages or joining?' Ste- 
phens says : 'Ap/uLoi, as J. Pollux tells us, is the joint 
of the upper part both of the arnf and of the elbow. 
890.] Exin. See on Inde 1. *275. 



JENEID, BOOK VI. 644 — VII. 232. 



79 



BOOK VII. 



13.] 
14.] 



CEDRUS. Kedpos. 

Argutus. Riddle : ' Participle of arguo : 
That makes itself perceptible to the senses.' Or 
made clear and distinct. 

26.] Luteus. Ainsworth deduces lutum, the 
herb woad ' from lutum, dilutum : a color to dye 
with.' Thus Forcellini says of it : ' Pannorum in- 
fectoribus in maximo usu est.' And Virgil : Croceo 
mutabit vellera luto. (2) Some refer lutum to 
AevKhv, -white, M. Kevrbv, as luTetia from \evKerla, 
Trjuos for KeTvos. 

28.] Tons a. From tondeo. Properly, shaved 
off and made into an oar. — Others from tundo, 
tunsum : Qua tunditur aqua. — And from tondeo in 
the sense of seco : Qua aqua est tonsa i. e. secta. 

56.] Atavus. For adavus as Proavus. ' A tavos 
et avorum Nomina' 12. 529. T, as aDnepos, aT- 
nepos ; aDque, aTque. (2) Wachter from attce 
avus. "Arret, is a father in Homer. 

67.] Examen. From H-a/xfieuov, connexum, as 
we find above ' per mutua nexis,' and in Seneca, 
' Examen nectitur densum globo.' Or exapio, ex- 
apimen. In 12. 725 it is the beam of a balance, as 
that from which the scales are appended. (2) In 
the first sense Riddle understands it as exagmen; 
in the second as exagimen from exago : A means 
of examining any thing. 

84.] * Mephitis. Scaliger states it was an 
Etrurian word derived from the Syrians, among 
whom it denoted a strong disagreeable smell. And 
Voss mentions the Syriac mephuhith, afflatus. 

109.] Adoreus. Dr. Turton : ' Ador from a ; 
d6pv: this corn being without the beard or ear.' 
(2) Scaliger says : ' The ancients said adur, the 
Greek &6vp ; no letter being changed but 0, as in 
0ebs, Deus.' Yet the Greek is not &dvp but adyp, 
the beard or spike of an ear of corn, and the ear 
itself. Thus some derive cOr from kH/j. (3) As 
Libum from Libo, ador, adoris from adoro, as used 
in public worship. A fine corn, says Ainsworth, 
used in sacrifice. Thus Agger, Aggeris from Ag- 
gero. (4) Ab adurendo, says Ainsworth. 

Libum. From libo : for particular use was made 
of it in libations and sacrificial offerings ' Quod 
libaretur priusquam ederent : ' Ainsw. Thus Mon- 
stro and Monstrum — Donnegan however has 
1 AiSov, a kind of cake.' And Stephens 5705: 
' AiSos, libum, Athen. 647.' 



111.] Pomum. Usually referred to irwfxa, potus. 
But, as proVIdens, proidens, (prudens); so pomum 
from Tr6rifji.ov, irSifiov, ' potui aptum.' Thus we find 
from Gaza apud Theophr. : Kapirol yXvnels koI tt6- 
n/xoi, translated by Stephens ' dulces et grati palato.' 
It is true that fruits of a harder quality also go 
under this name, but it was enough that the word 
was formed from the softer and more liquid sub- 
stances, as in Virgil : ' mitia poma.' 

Augeo. Lennep and Riddle conjecture an old 
verb aijyco, whence au£w, av^dva), and abyiw, augeo. 
Indeed avyca appears to be a lengthened form of 

cLya, to carry forward Others from av£4w, augseo, 

augeo. 

113.] Penuria. From irsiva, famine, somewhat 
as Luxiiria. E, as XEIos, levis. 

115.] Crustdm. A cake with a hard (crusta) 
case, as a simnel. And crusta, (as in Virgil : Con- 
crescunt subitai currenti in flumine crustce,) from 
the root of upvaraivw, and KpxxrraKkos, ice. 
Quadra. See on Quadrupes 2. 272. 
Genius. See on 6. 603. 
Dido. Di-do, as di in Digero ; do as in 
Dedo. 

Orator. Oro, oratum, to speak, 1. 519. 
Fossa. Fodio, fodsum, fossum. 
Pinna. For penna, as vEndico, vlndico ; 
vEgeo, vlgeo. See on Bipennis 2. 



136. 

144/ 
Addo, " 

153. 

157. 

159. 
lEber, liber 
479. 

169.] Avitus. Ab avus 2. 457. 

174.] Curia. Kvpla e/c/cATjo-ia. (2) ' "Where 
public matters curantur :' Delph. Ed. 

179.] Vitisator. Sero, satum ; vitis from vieo, 
vietum, vitum, like Vitilis. ' Either because it re- 
quires to be tied or bound to something : or be- 
cause it is easily bent and useful for binding with : ' 
Forcell. 'As being pliant, from vieo, flecto:' 
Ainsw. 

188.] Trabea. From trabs, trabis, like Cavea. 
Adorned with stripes of purple of different colors 
which ran across it like beams. 

Ancile. For ancisile : an for am, a/j.<p), as in 
Anfractus, Anhelus, and ccesum as in Recisum. 
Ovid : ' Idque ancile vocat quod in omni parte re- 
cisum est: ' Having its outside rim cut all round 
with small incisions. So Incile. 

228.] Diluvium. See on 3. 217. 

232.] Abolesco. See on 1. 720. 



80 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



247.] Tiaras. Tidpas. 

250.] Obtutus. Tueor, tutum, to see. Ob, as 
in Obduco. 

277.] TAPETUM. Td.TT7]S, TjTOS. 

283.] Nothus. N66os. 

317.] Merces. See on 1. 367. 

318." Doto. Aws, dos, dotis. 

320.] Pr.egnans. Gnans from yevvdw, yvdw, 
yvu>, gno whence gnascor. Before she brings forth. 
Or ywiu, geneo, genui, and prcegeno, are, as Educo, 
are. 

322.] Funestus. From funus, as Modestus. 

329.] Pullulo. From pullus, which from 
irwAos, polulus, pollus. Datum explains iru\os 
'pullus, maxime equinus,' and Liddell 'a foal; in 
gen. a young animal ; a young girl : irwAixhs, 
virgin.' — Some refer it to puer, puellus ,• or to pu- 
pulus, puplus, pullus. 

330.] Acuo. See Acutus 1. 45. 

341.] Alecto. 'A\r}KT<*>, or 'AAAtjktc!?, as &A- 

\7JKT05. 

345.] Coquo. Kmaco, kvko>, to mix, stir up. 
(2) ne7rTw, tri-n oira, to cook ; whence iroTrw, JE. kokG>, 
coquo. See on Quinque 538. 

362.] Prjsdo. PrcBda 1. 210. 

377.] Lymphor. From lympha for nympha, 
vvfj.<pr) 1. 701. Liddell : ' All persons in a state of 
rapture were said to be caught by the Nymphs, 
vv/x(p6\rrrrToi, Lat. lymphatic 

382.] Buxum. From ■nvtys, the wood of the 
box-tree. 

383.' 

389. : 

390. ! 

400. : 

408. 



Plaga. UK-try)}, JE. irKayd. 
Evoe. Euo7. 
Thyrsus. Svpcros. 
Io. J I«. 

Fuscus. Home Tooke : ' All colors in 
all languages must have their denomination from 
some circumstances which produce those colors. 
Thus Voss well derives fuscus from <p(aaitu>, ustulo : 
as turned from white to that color.' 

417.] Ruga. 'PutIs is a wrinkle, and pvabs is 
wrinkled, from pvw, traho, contraho, to contract. 
Wachter brings ruga from pv£a, a wrinkling. This 
word I do not find, but there seems to have been a 
word pvfr, %ppvya, whence pvy}}, ruga. (2) From 
opvacrca, upvya, fodio : as applied to the holes made 
by wrinkles. 

423.] Dos. Ados. 

428.] Palam. Bp. Butler : From iraXd/jLv, the 
open hand. (2) Or from <paAav JE61. for ^aK^v, 
bright, and thus clear. As (xaKpav, afar off. 

440.] Effozta. Exfozta, past bearing. Foetus 
1. 432. 

489.] Pecto. ITeKTew, a). 

490.] Venor. See on 1. 319. 

496.] Eximius. Ab eximo, to take out, select. 
So Egregius is E grege. 



499.] Ilia. Ab e1\(a or 1\\a, to roll. From 
their constant convolution. 

506.] Torris. From torreo. As being scorched. 
Here ' torre obusto.' 

509.] Quadrifidus. Fldo,fiNdo 5. 142. 

511.] Nanciscor. From nancio, as Apiscor, 
Paciscor. Nancio by euphony for nacio, as /taN- 
edua, taNgo, fraNgo. Now, as j8e'NT«rTos, ^N0e, 
(piNns were iEolie forms for (Z4Atkttos, 7jA0e, (pihTis, 
and as Steph. de Urb. states, Tyv ovde Aalda rjves 
\4yovaiv, aWa NalSa ; so nacio from Aax'ifa, Aax'«, 
(like patlOR,) allied to Kayxdva. Conversely 
hirpov for NtVpoj/, Lympha for Nympha 1. 71. (2) 
As Nascor for Gnascor, so nancior for gnancior or 
gnacior from yevvdw, yvdo*, %yva.Ka. and a new verb 
iyvdicw. Thus d>va) is to get. ' 4>peVos <pveiu, to get 
understanding : 86£av <pvciv, to gain reputation : ' 
Lidd. 

519.] Buccina, Bucina. BvKdvi) in Polybius. 
As finxAva, machlna. (2) From bucca, the mouth. 

538.] QuiNQUE. neVre, M. ire/xTre, k4(iks. 

Balo. From &a\ov Mo\. of prjAov, a sheep, as 
Bvp/j.-nZ for Mvpfxrit. (2) From the sound bah, bah. 

542.] Imbuo. 'Epguu), to stuff in. 

552.] Abunde. From unda. From water 
rising above its banks and overflowing them. So 
abundo, inundo, undanti cruore 10. 908. 

553.] Cominus. Manus cum manu, hand to 
hand. So Virgil: Pede pes et cuspide cuspis. 
Thus Eminus. 

557.] Licentitjs. Through licens, licentis, from 
licet 1. 551. 

564.] Nobilis. That may be known, discern- 
ible, clear, manifest. Nosco, noscibilis, as Moveo, 
Mobilis. 

566.] Fragosus. From frago, frango, as Clamo, 
Clamosus. 

568.] Specus. From <nr£os, as deCet from 5sei, 
Se?. (2) From specio. Where one is on the look 
out for an enemy. ? . 

581.] Thiasus. Qiaaos. 

590.] Alga. 'AXiktj, aAi/co, (Steph. 1892,) aha, 
alga. The aspirate lost as in Armus, Ansa. G as 
ayKvAos, anGulus. (2) For alliga from alligo. 
As involving the feet of swimmers. 

592.] Nutus. Nuo, nutum, vevw, whence In- 
nuo, Annuo. 

595.] Sacrilegus. Qui sacra legit, steals, as 
in Virgil : Vel qui sublegji tacitus tibi carmina. 

609.] Vectis. A bar used by porters in car- 
rying weights: from veho, vectum. (2) From 
TrrjKTos, fastened. By which doors are fastened. 
Virgil: Centum claudunt vectes. As Vera from 
Tlepca. 

613] Resero. Sera, a bolt, from aeiph, a 
chain : e, as 1 in timor from SEl/xSp. Re -contra- 
dicts, as in Recludo. (2) From sero, to join. 



Consul. Qui consulit senatum, says Varro. Or 
qui reipublicse consulit, as said in opposition to the 
alleged negligence of the Kings. 

626.] Tergo. To wipe. From ripea, re- 
rep/ca: Riddle. Or, as TpvXco from rpvw, HrpuKa, so 
repxu from reipu, repw, TerepKa, to wear, rub down. 
Hence tercho, tergo. 

627.] Arvina. Ainsworth: 'From arvis for 
arvi.r, anc. for aries. Fat, properly of a ram.' 
Arvix from ippas, as sylVa, arVum ; afaS, ajaX. 
Or at once frum aries, whence arivina, arvina. 
(2) Valpy's Steph. ccclxxxv: i, ApGiuvn Siculis est 
Kpeas, caro: Hesychius. H. Steph. Legendum 
ariap vel (ttoIs, grease.' Hence arvina. 

Cos, Cotis. Any hard stone. For cautes, cau- 
tis, as cAUdex, cOdex. 

629.] Incus, Incudis. In, cudo. The anvil 
on which we hammer out. 

632.] Salignus. Salix ,• gigno, genui. As Be- 
nignus. — Morin states that salix is properly selix 
from kXin)), which he says is the same thing. And 
Haigh from eAi| which he says is the same. 

633.] Crates. Undoubtedly, says Wachter, 
from Kpareca, <2, to hold firmly. So Dacier : * From 
Kparew, teneo, vincio, apprehendo.' So clades from 
kAclSos. — Yet better perhaps from the same root as 
Kparrjp, a cup, i. e. from Kepdw, updu, to mix : As 
made of twigs intermixed or wattled. 

Thorax. Qcbpa£. 

634.] Ocrea. From oxpos the same as &Kpos, 
high. Thus the Greeks called a high shoe or 
buskin oKpi§as. Liddell says: '"O/cpts, like &tcpis, 
fricpa, a point, peak.' So "Oyicos and "Ay/cos are 
allied. Festus deduces ocrea from oxpis, rugged : 
' Quod sit inaequaliter protuberata.' (2) For ocrurea 
from ob ; crus, cruris. As Ostium for Obstium. 
Ea, as Ferrea. 

635.] Vomer. From v&mo, vomi, to spit out. 
Figuratively said of the share throwing up the 
clods. 

636.] Fornax. As j/Y/crbs, nOctis, from irv- 
pivos, ixvpvos; then furnus, as Fundus from nw8a£. 

637.] Classicum. As being used to call the 
classes of the Roman people to an assembly. — 
Quintilian from calassis a calando from /coAe'w, w. 
See on 1. 39. 

Tessera. From Tiacrapa, four. A square die 
or tally. 

661.] Mulier. Wachter: ' Properly it means 
molitrix from Germ, malen, i. e. molere, to grind.' 
Thus Isa. 47. 2. But rather from Gr. /xvXXa}, fivXco, 
in the same sense. Perhaps thus: /xvX^eaa-a, p.v- 
Xr^aa, /AvX-qepp, as arboS, arboR. (2) From '/juxXos 
for ay.ct.xds, tender ; indeed yaXos seems to have 
existed (Steph. 5919). U, as plUteus from ttAA- 
Teoy. hUmus from xA/u^s. (3) From juuAAoj, /xvXcS, 
in Theocritus. Voss : ' MuXXw, coeo, may have 



jENEID, BOOK VII. 247—741. 81 

been formerly a word of delicacy, like others which 
became otherwise by use.' 

664.] Pilum. As Voss states, this seems to 
have been taken from the form, though much 
longer, of the common pilum or pestle, which is for 
pistillum from pinso, pistum, as Vexillum, Velum : 
deduced by others from irix6ca, a>, to press close. 

Dolo. A6Xcou in Plutarch. 

681.] Legio. Varro: Quod milites in delectu 
(the levy) leguntur. 

686.] GLANS. TdXavos, Mo\\C of PdXavos ; 
whence yXdvos, glans, as Twos, Gens. So BAe- 
(papov, TXecpapov. 

688.] Galerus. A cap or hat like (galea) a 
helmet. Thus kw4t) is a cap in Od. 24. 230. 

690.] Pero. As being as inconvenient and 
ill-shaped as (pera or ir-hpct) a sack about the legs. 
(2) As being made of rough hide, allied to -n-fjpa, 
a leathern pouch or sack. 

708.] Tribus. TpiTTvs, the third part of an 
Athenian tribe : zpirvs, IE. rpnrvs, tribus, as XiTpa, 
xillpa, liBra. Varro from Ires, as they were three 
at first ; the Luceres, the Tatienses, the Rham- 
nenses. (2) From tribuo. As the tribute was col- 
lected by tribes. 

720.] Arista. Ainsworth : ' Varro from areo .• 
Quod arescit prima. Though the quantities differ.' 
But so equally in arena, arundo. So Forcellini 
defines it 'extrema spicse pars quae prima arescit.'' 
Hall says : ' It is properly that prickly part called 
the beard, which, by reason of its being (arida) 
dry, protects the corn in the ear from the birds.' 
Forcellini states that arista is used also ' pro herbis 
aridis inutilibus.' Arista, somewhat as Sino, Si- 
nister, (2) As giving a fuller and stronger sound, 
for acista, from aKurrr], acuminata. Thus aRa was 
formerly aSa 1. 49, and auRis was auSis 1. 152. 
On the same principle caDuceus was for the sound 
used for caRuceus. (3) For crista, from ipvarr), 
taken in the sense of ipvu, defendo, custodio, and 
as ipvo-pbs tutamen. (Steph 901. 3839.) Qua spica 
defenditur. (4) Others from Goth, hrista, rista, 
our rustle, shake. 

726.] Rastrum. From rado, rasum, as Rosum, 
Rostrum. 

730.] Aexis. From ayicvXls, ayicXh, a/<Als, 
considered the same as aynvX-r], which is both the 
thong of a javelin and the javelin itself. Festus 
says that the aclides were fastened with thongs. 

732.] * Cetra. Voss: 'It might seem to be 
put for Kevrpa from Ktv6<a, to hide : but it is plainly 
a Moorish word.' 

741.] * Cateia. The words ' Teutonico ritu' 
point to a Teutonic origin. Wachter refers it to the 
Belgic katten, the same as the Swedish casta and 
our cast. Kcrnco), Kadiy/xL, to let fall, might other- 
wise be mentioned. 

g 



82 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



742.] Suber. The cork-tree. Voss: 'For 
suiber from sua, as Tumeo, Tumiber, Tuber. Pliny 
says it was used in the winter shoes of females. 
They used it not only in winter time for health's 
sake, but in summer time to make themselves ap- 
pear taller. Alexis the Comedian says : Is any 
girl little? Then cork is sewed in her shoes. 
(2) Or suber is from avcpap, which is used of the 
outer skin, as of the cast off skin of a serpent, &c. 
The tree itself is called suber, like <peAAhs, which 
properly means the bark of the tree, but is used for 
the tree itself, which has throughout the character 
of bark. Hence Pliny says : Non infacete Grseci 
appellant corticis arborem. (3) Scaliger derives 
it from subeo, because it cannot sink, but (subit) 
mounts up in water.' All this from Voss: but the 
quantity is an impediment to the last derivation. 

759.] Vitreus. Is. Voss refers vitrum to 
aiTvpov, which in Hesychius is vaAov, glass. Purvpov, 
curpoy, vitrum, as AXtiov, Vitium. (2) Vireo, viri- 
tum, whence viritrum, as Tonitum, Tonitrus; Trans- 
itum, Transitrum, Transtrum : hence vitrum. 
From its green color. (3) From video, viditum. 
From its transparency. 

765.] Noverca. A new wife ; from nova, erca 



being a termination much as those in Caverna, Vo- 
lucris, Campester, Crastinus, Roscidus, Ludicrus, 
Oaducus, &c. (2) From via apxh, nearcha, novar- 
cha, as vEos, nOVus. (3) Nova uxor qua? arceat 
or coerceat familiam. (4) Scaliger from erctum or 
herctum: 'quia nova accedit haereditas.' 

772.] Medicina. Medicus from medeor from 
/j.r)doi*ai, to attend to, think on, plan, devise. Thus 
Doderlein observes that medeor relates to the opera- 
tion of the physician. As to the quantity, compare 
KpHirlfia, crepido ; <pHpa, fera ; the iEolic^H/cap, jecur. 

774.] Relego. Lego is used properly of such 
as are (legati) commissioned (per legem) by the law 
of the land. So lego, to bequeathe, is to hand 
down (per legem) by law to posterity. 

790.] Obsitus. Ab obsero. Sown, planted, 
covered or grown over with any thing. 

791.] Argumentum. From arguo, to make 
clear, show, prove. For arguimentum, as Doceo, 
Dociimentum. 

805.] Colus. From colo, explained by For- 
cellini ' studium, operam, laborem pono ; assiduus 
sum circa rem aliquam.' Ovid has ' lanas excoluisse 
suas.' Ad cidtum pertinet, says Perott. 

CALATHUS. KdXados. 



BOOK VIII. 



22.] Labrum. From labo, lambo, as Fragor 
from Frago, Frango. (2) From Aa&S, AapSdva. 
With which we take hold of food, of a cup, a 
glass, &c. 

23.] Radio. To cast out (radios) beams or rays. 

141.] Genero. From genus, genet-is. To in- 
crease the race. Or genco, genui, genere, whence 
genero, as Recipere, Recipero, Recupero. 

143.] Legatus. Lego 7. 774. 

148.] Jugum. A yoke. ZvySv. 

149.] Alluo. Aovw, luo, as Diluo. 

187.] Superstitio. A worship which (super- 
stat, supine superstitum,) exceeds or in which one 
exceeds the due bounds. 

220.] Fel. James Bailey, as cited on Fames 
1. 216, deduces fel from x* x \ a supposed JEolic 
form of x oA ^- R ut hetter perhaps from <pav\os, 
juice, (x^os) being understood. 

227.] Objex, Objicis ; Obex, Obicis. From 
objicio. Qui objicitur. 

235.] Opportunus. From portus. Properly 
said of a place of refuge for mariners, Ovid: Qui 



mihi confugium, qui mihi portus erat. Euripides: 
Aijxt)v TrecpavTcu Toiv efia)v ^ovKcvfidrcDV. 

250.] Molare. From mola, fivA-n. 

260.] Ango. v A7xw. 

263.] Rapina. Rapio, as Ruina. 

264.] Cadaver. From cado : for a dead body 
cannot stand up, but must fall. Gr. iriav/J-a, Trrco/na. 
So occido is to die. Virgil : Belloque caduci. 

274.] Porgo. Porrigo 6. 597. 

278.] Scyphus. Itcicpos. 

284.] Lanx, Lancis. The scale or basin of a 
balance. As raXavrov is from TaAao>, Ta.Aa.ivu>, reTa- 
AavTai, (as from <pdeo, (paivca, Tre<pavrai is (pavTaa/xa,) 
so from perf. rerdhayKa was raAay^, and (as Lactis 
fromTd\aKTos,)lanx,lancis. See on 4. 137. (2) Others 
take the sense of broad plate or dish as the primary 
sense, and then lanx can be from 7rAa|, lengthened 
into irAo/yl, (as irAdfa makes fut. irxdr^w,) and 
shortened into lanx, as Latus from IIAaTos. 

314.] Indigena. For indugena, ab indu, ev5o\ 
for evtiov, in ; and geno, genui, yevu. Born in the 
land, avdiyev-fjs. 



jENEID, BOOK VII. 742— VIII. 666. 



83 



326] Deterior. From detero, to lessen, im- 
pair, through a word deter or deterus. Horace : 
Laudes deterere, -whence Detrimentum. 

354.] JEgis. Alyis. 

355.] Oppidum. For hriirtdov i. e. &arv, a city 
situated in a plain or flat country. Homer : 'Eu 
iretilcp ir€ir6\i(TTO tt6\is. Hence einreSov, eppidum, 
oppidum, as "EAaiov, Oleum, and pOndus from 
pEndo ; and as foEfios, animus. (2) IloAidiou, 
dXirfilov, birmMov, oppidum, as parlens, parens. (3) 
Is. Voss from icpiSeveiv in Hesychius, i. e. tiiarplSeiv, 
olnelv. 

361.] Lautus. For lavatus, as aVIceps, aUceps. 
Clean, neat, &c. 

402.] Electrum. "HXeKTpov. 

412.] Pensum. Pendo, pensum. A task of 
wool or flax weighed out to be dressed or spun. 

415.] Fabrile. From faber, fa bri, as Ovile. 
Facio, faciber, faber, as Mulceo, Mulciber. 

426.] Polio. From iroAibs, grey, white, whence 
tto\l6o}, u>. To make white or shining, clean, neat, 
smooth. (2) From ivo\4w, to turn. To make fine 
and smooth as with a turner's wheel. (3) Ains- 
worth : * From iraXbs, shining, whence iraAvvu, 
splendidum facio.' Or from <pakbs, white. As 
$o?vi£, Poenus ; dAfiSi, dOmo. 

430.] Rutilus. "Epvdos, redness ; whence ipu- 
6v\os, 'pvBvXos, rutilus, as Aa0ea>, laTeo ; SaKpT/ua, 
lacrlma. Or epvBpbs, red, whence ipvOpvAos, and 
the R dropt for softness, as flagRellum, flagellum. 
Thus Rufus, Rufulus. 

449.] Foleis. Properly, a leathern bag or 
pouch. From <pv\\is Mo\. for SvWis (Steph. 
4333.) whence follis, as vTktos, nOctis. 

453.] Forceps, Forcipis. Qua ferrum capiunt : 
for ferriceps, ferceps, as pEndo, pOndus. (2) From 
formus, hot, from Sep/xhs, M. <pepfibs, hot : and 
capio. Qua forma capimus, as Gr. irvpdypa. 

Massa. As narpiZu, patriSSo ; oipvZa, obruSSa; 
so massa from p.d$a, any mass of dough or cake. 

457.] Tunica. Xiruva, ace. of x lT( * ,v '■> send, 
(as Mopcpa, Forma ; Mwv, Num ; Telvofiai, Nitor ; 
Avocpepal, Aevocppal, Tenebrse ; ~2,cpdyavov, Qdayavov,) 
rdovixa, tunica. £1 into ii, as cuneus from kCIvos, 
humerus from ^fl/xop. So into u, as cpflpbs, furis. 

(2) From 5iW, 8vva>, to put on, as Manica. T, as 
Aa75a, Tseda. Or iurvvw, corrupted into tiW. 

(3) Varro a tuendo corpore. Nica being a termi- 
nation. ? 

460.] Panthera UavWpa. 

470.] Sospes. From <r<2s. Pes as in Csespes. 
— Riddle from awarbs, saved ; JE. aooairSs. 

481] Floreo. Flos, floris 1.430. 

487.] Tormentum. Torqueo, torquimentum, as 
Monimentum. 

498.] Haruspex, Aruspex. From arvix or 



arvis, a ram, (see on Arvina 7. 627,) that animal 
being properly the sacrifice. Hence arvispex or 
aruispcx, as Avispex, Auspex : then aruspex. II 
added, as in Haurio, Humerus. (2) Becman : 
' Some deduce it from haruga, i. e. hostia qua; ser- 
vatur in hard.' For harugespex. (3) From ara, as 
areo, arena. BufioaKdnos, says Seheid. (4) As for 
aenea or sena was said aHena ; so for auspex auspex, 
aRuspex; R being here added (as diliimo, musa- 
Rum,) as H in the former. 

529.] Sudum. For seudum, se-udum, as Se-curus, 
Se-cors. 

532.] Profecto. For pro facto, as Affecto. 
' It is so for a fact.' The compounds of Pro vary 
their quantity. (2) < Cum profectu et sine frustra- 
tion : ' Ainsw. 

543.] Hesternus. From x#«, chthes, softened 
into hes whence hesternus, as Semper, Sempi- 
ternus. 

571.] Viduo. From ldi6u, ISico, fiSicD, whence 
is k£i5iovixcu, to make one's own, to appropriate : 
hence to deprive, bereave. U, as bidlum, bidUum. 
The Etrurians said iduo without the Digamma. (2) 
In Sanskrit vidkava is vidua. 

596.] P&TRIS. From iroGou, iirZQov, ttvOu, to rot. 
Hence also puteo. 

Ungula. From unguis 4. 673, soft for unguula. 
Voss will have it from owx a > uncha, unga. (2) 
From ayicvAri, curved ; as "A/xScau, Umbo. 

636.] Circenses. Games in the (ntpnos) 
Circus. 

641.] Porca. Porcus, irSpitos used by Lyco- 
phron 237. 

645.] Veprts. Becman : ' Vepres are from 
the iEolians who called Ppaires what with others 
were p&ires, as Ppadivbv for padi.vbv, and Alexander 
the iEtolian in Macrobius said fipureipav oicrrau for 
pvTeipav.' So fip65ov for p6Zov. Hence then PpS/res, 
fS&irpes, as eknAayos, eiarayAos. And vopres, and 
vepres, as Bopw, Voro ; and as vEnum from f&vov, 
and genu from yOvu. 

650.] Pons, Pontis. For pendens, pendentis, 
as pOndus from pEndo. As hanging over the 
water. ^2) Soft for pors from irSpos, used by 
Herodotus for a bridge, and so explained by Hesy- 
chius. 

655.] Anser. From x^r, X°- v5 > iEolic geni- 
tive of xV, a goose : whence (much as many derive 
Mensis from pnqvbs, p-^vs,) chanser, and hanser, as 
Xopros, Hortus; then anser, as Ansa for Hansa. 
(2) ' Ab ansato collo,' says Ainsworth. (3) In 
Sanskrit hansa. 



660 
661.1 
662.' 
666. 



Sagulum. ~2dyos in Polybius. 

Corusco. See on 1. 164. 

GiESUM. From yaiabs, as ohO'Z, vinUM. 

Pilentum. As covered with (n'tAos) wool 

G 2 



34 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



stuffed together to make it easier. Hence ' molli- 
bus' here. 

686.] Ruber. See on 2. 542. 

696.] SlSTRUM. ~2ei<TTpoi>. 

723.] Habitus. From habeo, habitum, to use, 



■whence habilis. Ovid : Vestis bona quserit 



wear, 
haberi 

724.] Mulciber. A mulcendo ferrum. 
Faber, Tuber. Macrobius : ' Quod ignis 
mulceat ac domet' 



Like 
omnia 



BOOK IX. 



30.] Sedo. From sedeo, sedi. 

59.] Ovile. From ovis, as Bovile. 

60.] Caula. Servius says from avhd. See 
James Bailey cited on 1. 208. (2) But Festus 
from cavus, whence cavula, or cavea, caveola, as 
formerly sheep were shut up in caves or holes. 
' Lucretius favors this opinion, who uses caula 
more than once for a hollow place :' Forcell. (3) 
Becman, as made ' e viminibus seu caulibus.' ? 

68.] Vallum. From vallus. As made of earth 
dug from the ditch, and (de vallis) of sharp stakes 
stuck into it. 

79.] Perennis. Per annos. 

136.] Fertilis. Fero, fertum. Productive, 
ferax, ev<p6pos. 

140.] Pecco. Pecus, pecuco, like Fodico, Clau- 
dico ; then pecco. Or pecudis, pecudico. Isaiah Lin: 
All we like sheep have gone astray. 

154.] Faxo. Facio,faxi,faxero. 

174.] Sortior. To obtain (sorte) by lot. 

203.] Erudio. To bring (e rudi) out of a rude 
state. What is rudis ? As Vireo, Viridis, so ruo, 
ruidis, rudis. So ruo, ruina. In a state of ruin, 
dilapidated, (as 2 Kings, 19. 25 : To lay waste 
fenced cities into ruinous heaps;) and thus com- 
posed of rubbish, without form, rough, unwrought. 

213.] Redimo. Emo 1.216. Bed for ret from 
retro. 

215.] Lvferije. Sacrifices to the (Inferi) in- 
fernal deities : or to those who (inferuntur) are 
consigned to the ground. 

231.] Confestim. See on 2. 273. 

255.] Actutum. Ab ago, actum. As Cinctus, 
Cinctutus. Priscian : Ab actu, i. e. celeritate. 
W ith activity and despatch. Voss : Tarn cito 
quam agere possis : as Mox is Tarn cito quam 
iuovere te possis. 

2 72.] Sex. From e|, as 'Eirra, Sept em. 

333.] Singulto. From singuli 1. 453. Sighs 
coming forth one by one, singulation. 

340.] Vesanus. Ve from ?t), as in tfveipos, 

^K6(TT0S. 



343.] Plebs. U\ridos, M. TrArjcpos, ir\?i(ps, plebs, 
as Tpa<£rj£, Tpo4>£, traBs. So ov&ap, oi&ap, uBer. 

359.] Bulla. From )3oA^, fioKa, fioWct, a 
throw. A bubble made by throwing a stone in 
the water, when ' on the smooth expanse of crystal 
lakes The sinking stone at first a circle makes.' 

(2) From TrdAAa, a ball, Steph. 7183. Hence JEol. 
iroXXa, bolla, as SA/agS, dOmo, and as I7u|oy, Buxus. 

(3) Voss from ftovXa, counsel : the bidla being given 
when youths came to years of discretion. (4) 
From a word (pvcrdXn), from (pvadu, like <pvaa\\\s, a 
bubble ; busla, bulla. As $a\aiva, Balaena. 

373.] Sublustris. See on Illustris 6. 758. 
Divortium. From verto, vorto. 
Perplexus. Entangled, like Amplexus 



379.] 
391.] 

687. 

408.] 

436.] 



Tholus. &6\os. 

Languesco. Langueo from Xayytw in 
Hesychius, who says : Aayyd^ei • oKvet, oi Se Aayyel. 
Hence ' Aayyapbs, Abresch. iEsch. 2. 29,' (Schaef.) 
and Xayyavaifievos in Hesychius is arpayyev6p.evos. 
Allied to Xayapbs, slack. 

464.] Acuo. See on 1. 45. 

499.] Torpeo. Tp4<pca, to coagulate, rirpo<pa, 
whence rpocpeca, ropcpew, torpeo, as irop^upa, purPura. 
(2 ) From rapgeo), to shudder, JE. Top§4w, as irpdaov, 
irdpaov, nAppov, pOrrum. And torpeo, as KavcoBos, 
canoPus. (3) To be in an extacy of pleasure, 
from ripTru, Teropira, ropTrew. Horace : Pausiaca 
torpes, insane, tabella. 

520.] Missile. Mitto, missum. 

558.] Prendo. Prehendo 2. 322. 

563.] Lepus, Leporis. From Aenopis, an 
JEolian and Sicilian word, as Varro informs us. 
What, if Xaycos, (much like AvUos into luPus,) 
passed into haircbs, and lepus, as grAssus, grEssus? 
and gen. Aairabs, lepois, lepoRis, as diimo, diRimo ; 
/Aovadwu, musaRum ? (2) From levipes, like So- 
nipes- Light-footed. ? 

569.] Fragmen, Fragmentum. From ft ago, 
frango, like Tegmen. A broken piece. 



/ENEID, BOOK VIII. 686— X. 187. 



85 



582.] Actrs, us i. e. uis. Ab acuo ; or clkti, a 
point. 

Ferrugo. The color or rust (ferri) of iron, as 
JErugo, Albugo. 

586.] Fi'NDA. From /undo, to throw. Qua, 
funduntur lapides. Silius : Fundit volucrem post 
terga sagittam. (2) From <r<ptvZ6va, (pevSSva, <p4vda. 

615.] Desidia. See on Besides, 1. 722. 

616.] Redimiculum. See on 3. 81. 

618.] Tibia. Properly, the shin-bone; from 
a-Tvtpbs, hard, rough ; whence stiphia, like Gloria ; 
stibia, as #/*#«, am Bo ; and tibia, as ~%Tey<n and Te7a>, 
Tego; 20aAAco, Fallo. In 11. 737 a flute, origi- 
nally of bone. (2) Turton for tubia from tubus. 
From its resemblance to it. 

619.] Tympanum. Tv/xiravov. 

641.] Macte. See on 2. 202. 

665.] Amentum. Apio, apimentum, as Omen- 
tum for Operimentum; almentum, amentum. A 
strap to which javelins were tied. (2) From 
a/jL/xa. 

667.] Fliotus. See on Fligo 1. 452. 

668.] Hcedus, H^dus. As Providens, Proi- 
dens, Prudens, so horridus, hoidus, hosdus, like 
ttOIj^, pCEna. From its shaggy hair. Thus Hir- 
cus from Hirtus, Hirticus, as Teter, Tetricus. 
Varro and others support the M, but Dausque de- 
fends the (E. And Quintilian states that the an- 
cients said CEdus, and Ircus : but this they seem to 
have done from indolence. (2) Haigh: 'Froma7Sr;s, 
Hell. For goats and kids were sacrificed to the 
infernal gods.' (3) Others from fosdus; or from 
•yoiros, dirt, in Hesychius ; or from foetus or fetus, 
an offspring. Varro says that ' the Sabines called 
fedus, what in Rome was hedus, and in many places 
by the addition of A, hJEdus.' This seems a lame 
account of the A. 



698.] Cornus. See on 3. 649. 

699.] Stomachus. St^uoxo*. 

701.] PuLMO. Uvevfxwv, iE. irtev/xwu, irev\/j.wv, 
pulmo, as IlAaTcoj/, Plato. 

705.] Falarica. Becman says: 'A kind of 
glittering weapon, or one sending forth flames and 
combustibles ; from <pa\bv, [or <pa\y]pbv, M. <pdka- 
pov,] from (pdca, <pdos.' But Forcellini approves of 
the following: ' A kind of missive weapon used to 
be thrown from the fala; (paXapiK^j, called from the 
falce or wooden towers ; these from <pd\ai which 
are cKo-mal, speculse, in Hesychius.' The <pd\ai 
seem allied to <pd\apov, fastigium, iEsch. Pers. 
668. The Greek word (pahaput^ however I do not 
find. 

711.] Pila. A mole or pier: from irl\6w, S>, 
to press close, to squeeze tight ; explained by Ste- 
phens ' cogo seu coacto, more roov -KiXoiroiobv.'' From 
the piles being rammed down tight. 

743.] Rudis. Forcellini understands it as ' ru- 
dis virga,' i. e. impolita. (2) As x A M<> s ? hUmus ; 
KAXa/xos, cUlmus ; so from pd§8os, pd5os, rudis, 
much as 'peTMos, reMus; 'iKKos, eQUus. Is, as 
oixSpO'Z, imbrlS. 

762.] Poples, Poplitis. From post-plicitum, 
poplicitum, poplitum. ' Quia post genu plicetur ac 
curvetur : ' Forcell. 

769.] Gladius. As KvSepvw, Guberno; KAu- 
(TT^p, Glister, so gladius from /cActSos, a branch. 
Voss : ' For these were first used by countrymen 
for swords.' — Or /cAaSaw, to cut off boughs, was 
used figuratively of cutting off limbs. (2) Scheid 
from y\dco, yXavcraca, to shine. 

809.] Tinnitus. ' Said properly of metals 
when struck, and formed from the sound tin tin : * 
Forcell. 



BOOK X. 



24.] Inundo. See on 7. 552. 

43.] Mavis. Magis or mage vis. 

95.] Jurgium. From jurgo, i. e. jure ago, as 
Litigo. 

108.] Fuat. See on 1. 12. 

136/ Terebinthus. Tep4giv6os. 

140/ Calamus. Kd\a/xos. 

169." CoRYTUS. TcapvrSs. 

177.] Prjesagus. Sagio is to have a quick or 
acute scent or feeling of any thing. Sagire, says 



Becman, is ' sentire acute.' And sagus is one who 
has this acute sense, from tjk^s, sharp, (i. e. d£bs as 
explained by Hesychius, and found moreover in 
afup-fjKTjs,) Mo\. &k})s, whence Sdcus, Sdgus : S pre- 
fixed, as in Saltus, Saxum, Sarcio, Sidus. G, as 
7rAaKa, plaGa. Sdgax with a, as 1 in Dico, Dicax. 
(2) Some refer to Pers. sag, a dog. 

187.] Olorinus. Olor from ^Sbp i. e. <p86s, 
aotUs. The singer. Virgil: Argutos inter 
olores. Ovid : Concinit albus olor. Martial : Can- 
g 3 



£0 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



tator funeris ipse sui. And in this passage in 
Virgil respecting Cycnus we have ■ Dum canit.' 
L. as oAvaaebs, aLysses ; oLeo for oDeo. And 5, 
as honos from 3>vos, and 6 in -FiKap, jecur. 

197.] SuLCO. Sulcus 1. 425. 

204.] Quixgexti. Quinque centum. 

210.] Hispidcs. For hiscipidus from hisco, 
much as Caesas, Csespitis ; Disco, Discipulus ; Finis, 
Finitimus; Ros, Roscidus ; Hio, Hiulicus, Hiulcus; 
Cras, Crastinus, &c. With chaps and gaps, rough, 
ragged. (2) For hipsidus from vtyos, as Gelid us, 
Herbidus. "With many eminences, bristly, prickly. 
Thus Kpavaos, rough, is referred by Eustathius to 
Kpdvou, caput. 

227.] Emixeo. See on 1.165. 

265.] Grus, Gruis. Tepavos, yepaos, ypaos, 
ypus, grus, as <p£lp, f Ur. 

272.] CoMETA. Ko^ttj?, Ko/xTJTa. 

273/ Lugubris. Luge@, as Funebris. 

306/ Fluito. From fluo, fluitum. 

313/ Sutdm. Suo 5. 405. 

324.] Lanugo. From lana. The first downy 
beard. As Salsugo. 

340.] Tenor. An uninterrupted course ; from 
teneo. So Continuus. (2) From Teivca, revca. Said 
of things stretching out in a row. Formerly tonor, 
says Quintilian. Then from perf. ve-rova, whence 
t6pos, rouop. This applies to the tone or accent of 
a word, as spoken of by him. 

344.] Femur, Femen. From feo, says Riddle. 
As Femina, &c. But the application does not ap- 
pear. Femen seems to be from 'ty-nnfievov, icpy/j.- 
fihov, adnexum, joined on to the trunk of the body : 
or icp^ixevov, 'cpefievov, immissum. And femur may 
be referred to a word hrififiopov, divided, as Homer: 
efj.fj.ope rifirjs. 

346.] Eminus. E manu, opposed to Cominus. 

363.] Arbustum. From arbos, arbosetum, ar- 
bostum, as Salicis, Salicetum, Salictum. 

366.] Natura. Tevvaw, yvda>, gnao, gnatum. 
gnatura, ready to produce, as Mensura from Men- 
sum. The Greeks say <pvo~is from cpvco. G omitted, 
as in Nascor. 

386.] Sodalis. Like iEqualis. From 656s, as 
'Tirep, Super. One on the same road with yourself. 
(2) Festus for sedalis from sedeo, like Assiduus. 
Never leaving you, constant in attention. Or 
simply as said of persons sitting together. O, 
as pEdo, pOdex. (3) Is. Voss : Suesco, suetum, 
suetalis, sudalis, and sodalis, as sUboles, sOboles. 

415.] Jugueum. Turton : ' From jugum. The 
yoke being fastened to this part.' (2) From jugo, 
jungts. As joining the head to the body 

42S ] Interimo. Emo 1.216. See on Pereo 
2. 428. Plautus has ' interimo vitam.' 

447.] Trux. From Tpux«, £&>, to afflict, dis- 
tress, vex. Or trucis from fut. 2. rpvxci (2) Tpa- 



Xvs, tpavxs, Tpavl (3) Ainsw. from 0pij£, a 
Thracian. ? 

457.] Contiguus. Cuntigo, contingo, contango. 

485.] PERFORO. Tietpca, iriiropa., to pierce. 
Hence iropa>, foro, as Uepl Fere. Or at once from 
irdpos : To make a passage. 

519.] Immolo. Dumesnil : 'To sprinkle the 
head of a victim before it was slaughtered with 
barley-meal and salt, which was called mola. 
Hence it means to slay.' ' The ancients either 
offered the cake alone, or sprinkled victims with 
it:' Forcell. 

522.] Astus. Terence: An in astu venit? 
where Patrick remarks : ' From &cnv, astu, is de- 
rived astutus, because those who live in cities have 
generally a finer address, and are better judges of 
mankind than such as have always lived in the 
country.' And we speak vulgarly of the country 
boobies. We have similarly Urbanus and Civilitas 
taken from the manners of the city. 

542.] Trop^eum. Tpoiraiov. 

548.] Fortasse. For fortesse, as mEgnus, 
m Agnus. Forte licet esse. — And fortassis is per- 
haps fortasse sis i. e. si vis. 

589.] Inguen. Voss : ' Ab eyxvov, quia ibi in 
foeminis est KvoTOKia. Aut ab iv et 70W?, semen. 
Aut pro ingen ab ingeno. Quia ibi partes genitales.' 
Thus Heb. 7. 10: He was yet in the loins of his 
father. Acts 2. 30 : Of the fruit of his loins. 

642.] Sensus. Sentio 1. 125. 

649.] Pactus. Paciscor 5. 230. 

653.] Crepedo. Kprprls, Idos. 

703.] JEqualis. JEquus, as Lethalis. Of 
equal age. 

755.] Mutuus. Muto, to exchange, as Ir- 
riguus. 

782.] Reminiscor. See on Memini 1. 203. 

807.] Pluo. See on 1. 744. 

818.] Neo. NeV 

826.] Indoles. As Indigeo for Inegeo, so 
indoles for inoles ab inoleo, inolesco. Inbred dis- 
position. Gellius: Natura nobis inolevit amorem 
nostri. Ind- from evhov, euSo, as in Induperator. 

835.] Acclinis. From kKivco, clino, whence 
inclino, declino. 

869.] Hirsutus. Haigh says : ' From x^^S^s, 
uncultivated, and so rough.' As Xopros, Hortus ; 
rEyyw, tin go ; ^DXva, Ulna. — But, as "OfiSpos, Im- 
bris ; Olle, Ille, so hirsutus for horsutus from horreo, 
horsum, as Verto, Versum, Versutus. Thus horri- 
dus also is rough, shaggy. Behold a series of 
formation : Horreo, horsum, horsutus, hirsutus, hirtus, 
hirticus, hircus. 

894.] Cernuus. From cerno, as Pasco, Pa- 
scuus. With the face bent downwards so as to 
look on the ground. For ' cernuus terra?,' like 
Silicernium, from Silices cerno. 



.ENEID, BOOK X. 197— XL 554. 



87 



BOOK XL 



1 6.] Prtmitle. From primus, as Segnitia. 

65.] f Arbuteus. Arbutum is the tree, as well 
as arbutus. Hence, as the Latins said diRimo for 
diimo, musaRum for musaum, nuRus from whs, so 
(jb) hd (pvrbv, aiphutum, could be aEiphutum, 
whence arphutum, and arbutum, as a/*$w, amBo. 
The Greek T is not always changed, as is clear 
from Zvybu, Jugum. This beautiful evergreen 
could well be particularized as the perennial. This 
however is merely thrown out as a conjecture, and 
I have marked it with an obelus. 

Quernus. Quercus, quercinus. 

67.] Stroien. Sterno, stravi, stravimen, as 
Novi, Novimen, Nomen. What is strewed or 
spread on the ground, as straw. 

68.] Pollex. For pollex digitus, which Caesar 
joins : from polleo, as Apio, Apex. On account of 
its superior power and utility beyond the other 
fingers : whence it is called in Greek aurlxeip, a 
second hand. — And polleo from iro70^6s : To he of 
much avail. 

69.] Viola. From iov, liov. Much like Par- 
vula, 

Hyacinthus. "t&KivBos. 

101.] Olea. 'EAcu'a, as "EAcuoj/, Oleum. 

106.] Aspernor. Ab adsperno. (2) Heu- 
singer from asper, as Alter, Alterno. Aspere 
tracto. 

133.] Sequester. From sequor, as Pedester. 
One whose decision each party follows. 

138.] Plaustrum. See on 1. 747. And com- 
pare Rudens 1. 87. 

144.] Discrimino. To distinguish. See on 
1. 204. 

153.] Cautius. Cautus from eaveo, cavitum, 
cautum. 

157.] Rudimentum. The first (rude) raw 
essay. Ainsworth understands it ' prima disciplina 
quae rudibus committitur.' Or from rudio the same 
as erudio. 

160.] Superstes. From supersto. One who 
stops or stays over the time that another does. So 
Supersum, and Supero 12. 639. 

201.] Bustum. From buro, bustum, whence 
also comburo, ambustus, as ■n-A.e'w, (Pleo,) Im- 
pleo ; kX'ivw, (Clino,) Declino. From irvpSoj, a>, 
as Uv^os, Buxus. — Others suppose the B prefixed 
to uro. ? 



216.] Orbus. From 6p<pos, (as a/x<ba>, amBo,) 
whence bpcpavbs, and bp<poS6ri]s in Hesychius. 

228.] Impensa. Pendo, pensum, to weigh money 
in order to pay it away. 

324.] Sin. Si non, or si ne. 

328.] Materies. From mater, as Luxuries. 
It is to other things what a mother is to her 
children. 

334.] Sella. Sedes, sedula, sella. 

337.] Obliquus. See on 5. 16. 

339.] Futilis. Forcellini : « From /undo is 
futo, [confuto, refuto,~\ and futilis, and futum, a 
kind of water-vessel.' That is, fundo made not 
oriiyfusum but (through fuditum) futum, as Mergo 
made Mertum and Merto, Pello Pultum and Pulto, 
Maneo Mantum and Manto. Futilis then is leaky, 
passing off, vain, worthless. So futio, effutio, to 
pour forth nonsense, prate, babble. Confuto is like 
Confundo, to confound: refuto like Refundo, to 
reject with disdain. Dumesnil understands confuto 
' to pour often or drop by drop cold into boiling 
water, whence futum was the vessel for it : hence 
to calm, convince.' (2) From x vT ° s > poured out : 
1. 216. But ? 

345.] Musso. To mutter, speak in a low hesi- 
tating voice; hence to hesitate. From /u-vfa, as 
/j.dZa, maSSa. Or from mutio, mussum, as Quatio, 
Quassum ; and this from the root of fiv^w. 

372.] VlLlS. From <pav\os, as Harris, Vates ; 
and I, much as axAIoi, achlvi. 

463.] Manipulus. From manus, a handful, 
band ; like Discipulus. 

472.] Asciverit. From ads-cio, as Sub be- 
comes Subs in Substineo, Sustineo, &c. (2) Allied 
to ad-scisco. As properly said of Senators decree- 
ing or sanctioning. Scisco being for sancio, san- 
cisco ; or from scio, as we vote and pass our judg- 
ments from what we know of the case. Thus 
yivdcaKu is ' to examine a question, hence to deter- 
mine : ' Lidd. 

483.] Prases, Pr^sidis. Pra-sedeo. 

522.] Anfractus. Wbere the road all round 
is broken off from the direct path into windings. 
Compare Ancile 7. 188. (2) Dumesnil from a.fx<pl y 
(ppaKTbs a (ppdaraa), cingo. ? 

554.] Liber. Aeirls, JE. \eir\p, rind, peel ; 
whence leber, which Quintilian states was the old 
word ; then liber, as 7tAEko?, pllco. 
G 4 



88 



VIRGILIAN HOURS. 



572.] Immulgeo. Mulgeo ab aLioAyew formed 
from kueAycc, whence ap.oAy6s. 

639.] Crus, Cruris. Properly, the hard shell 
of the leg. Valckenaer deduces aiceAos, the leg, 
from ctk4\Aci>, €\u>, to dry, whence aKArjpbs, rigid : 
1 So called from the hardness of the bone.' In the 
same manner, from Kpavpos, dry, is cruris. Much 
as inclAUdo, inclUdo; /xOTo-a, mUsa. (2) From 
Kpvos, Kpvs, taken like KpvaraAAos, for ice, congela- 
tion, then hardness in general, and allied to crusta, 
a hard rind or crust. (3) From anvpos, scrupus : 
transp. oupvos, scrus, and crus, as 'S.cpdWa, Fallo. 

6S2.] Sparus. Our spear, Teuton, spere. Hence 
it may be of northern origin. Yet it is referred to 
airaipu, <nrapaj, to writhe, hence to quiver, vibrate : 
To ireipw, irapw, to pierce, with S prefixed as in 
2/xiKpos : To o-ireipw, airapS), to scatter. 

721.] Accipiter. Usually referred to accipio, 
accipitum, (as Ancipitis to An-cipitum, and as Ago, 
Agitum, whence Agito,) in the sense of capio to 
seize or steal. iEsop : rbv AaSoura (/who had 
stolen) fi6<rx ov k\4tttk)v. (2) But it is probably a 
corruption for occipiter, occipitrus, from o^vTrrepos, 
o^inrerpos, having quick wings. 

750.] Exeo with accusative. Extra-eo : as 
Prsevertere ventos 12. 345 from Praeter. 

752.] Aquila. From aquilus, dark, dun. That 
is. ' aquila avis,' the dun bird. Homer has aUrbs 
alQwv, a tawny eagle. (2) The Cretan word was 
aybp, whence aquor, as XoTovjxai, loQUor : hence 
aquila, as Floy, Viola. Dacier thus : Agor, agol, 
agul, aqul, aquila. 

759.] Exemplum. From ex amplo. Selected 



from a mass. As inArmis, inErmis. (2) Exemo, 
cxeinulum, exemlum, and for euphony exemplum, as 
B in alfiBAov, and French nomBre for, nomre. Or 
exemptum, exemptulum, exemptlum. (3) Hesychius 
has QopnrAov • hov. which Scheid deduces from 
5/xaAby, like, 6/xAbv, 6llttA6v. 

772.] Peregrinus. Peregre, from per agros, 
as opposed to being in the house or at home. 
Plautus : Peregrique et domi. 

774.] Cassis. ' As being cassa i. e. empty and 
fit for receiving the head:' Facciol. See on Va- 
gina 4. 579. (2) Voss for carassis from icdpa. 
Somewhat, I suppose, like Vicissim, and Calasso 
on 1. 39. 

803.] Papilla. Festus : ' As being like (pa- 
pula) a pustule or tubercle.' (2) From papa, 
child's food. For not only the breast, but the 
nipple can be said to supply babies' food. Thus 
Liddell says of &y/A^, < the part of the breast which 
gives suck, the teat: nipple.' Isidorus represents 
it thns : ' Quod eas infantes quasi pappant. dum 
lac sugunt.' But Isidorus is famed for his Quasi. 
(3) As Disco, Discipulus, and as Manipulus, so 7rcta> 
(whence irao-ajxiiv and Tra.Teop.ai. to feed on.) papula, 
papilla. 

839.] Mttlcto, Multo. To fine, punish : from 
mulgeo, mulctum. Scheller : ' In popular discourse 
Mulgeo aliquem pecunia, might be used like 
Emungo, for Privo. Hence mulcta is properly a 
participle : mulcta pecunia.' Money squeezed out. 
'Ap-eAyu similarly, whence mulgeo, has this sense. 

890.] Arieto. Ab aries, arietis, a battering- 
ram. 



BOOK XII. 



7.] Torus. In 1. 708 torus is explained as a 
rope : hence the brawn or fleshy fibre of a man or 
beast. Thus topos is both a rope and a sinew or 
tendon. 

Latro. Festus says : ' Quod a latere adoriuntur : 
vel, quod latenter insidiantur.' Dacier rejects these, 
and says : ' The besiegers of the high ways were 
called latrones, from hired soldiers being called by 
this name who used to occupy themselves in this 
manner.' From Xarpov, hire, pay. Or latro may 
be referred to Ar)'io-T7]s, M. A.a'iarr]p, Aao-rr/p, AaTTTjp. 
In the passage before us latro means a huntsman : 
because, says Forcellini, what robbers do with men, 
these do with wild beasts. 



9.] Glisco. Becman : * TAio-xofiai, [or obs. 
7A10-XW,] to desire earnestly, aim at, is the origin 
of this word which signifies Appeto. Most clearly 
in Virgil : Gliscit violentia Turno ; as it grew or 
was carried headlong forward.' To be carried for- 
ward with strong desire. Thus Nitor is explained 
by Forcellini : ' to strive, exert oneself : tend vigo- 
rously forward, rise or mount forward, advance.' 

15.] Specto. Specio, spectum 1. 34. 

20.] Impensius. Impense, at a great payment 
or cost : at great expence or pains. See on Im- 
pensum 11. 228. 

38.] Accio. Cio 1. 142. 

41.] Refuto. See on 11. 339. 



iENEID, BOOK XI. 572— XII. 898. 



89 



87.] Orichalcum, Aurichalcum. 'Opelxa\K0S, 
mountain-brass, or oi/pelxo-\Kos. Aurichalcum was 
to give a fuller sound to the O. 
100.] Myrrha. Mtypa. 

120.] Verbena. Servius : 'Verbena is pro- 
perly a sacred herb • the rosemary, as some think. 
Hence it was said improperly of all sacred leaves 
[or herbs], as the laurel, olive, myrtle.' Acron : 
' Verbena are all herbs and leaves dedicated to the 
coronation of altars, for herbence.' That is, from 
herba. But rather from <pep§w, and it could mean 
a herb or plant, as Bordv-t] from Bow, BoVkw. $ep- 
€riva, like SeA^vo, 2eA^vrj. V, as 4»c£t7)s, Vates. 

130.] Reclino. CUno, nAlvw. So Incline-. 

155.] Honestus. Honos, as Funestus. 

164.] Specimen. Specie- 1.34. At which we 
look, to judge of the whole. 

214.] Jugulo. To cut the (jugulum) throat. 

250.] Excello. See on 1. 56. 

296.] Victim a. From victa, as Alo, Alima, 
Alma. Offered up at the conquest of an enemy. 
Ovid : Victima quae cecidit dextra victrice vocatur. 
(2) Digammated for ictima, from ico, ictum. 

298.] Ambustum. See Bustum 11.201. 

301.] Nidor. As Kvfi-n, a nettle, from Kvifa, 
eKvlSa, so is nidor, like Kviaaa, a smell or steam 
rising from things roasted, as producing a pungent 
sensation. K omitted for softness, as X in araNea 
from apdXNii. 

365.] Boreas. Bopeas. 

375.] Bilix. See Trilix 3. 467. 

413.] Puber. From Pubes 1. 399. 

Caulis. Kav\6s. 

419.] Panacea. Uaudneia. 

438/ Adolesco. Ab oleo 1. 75. 

468.] Virago. Quae virum agit : who acts the 
man, a heroine. 

470.] Temo. * Lignum longum et extensum :' 
Forcell. From a word r-^/xoov formed from raw, 
TeT?;/*ot, the root of titcuVw, extendo. Virgil: 
Pedes temo protensus in octo. — Or, as rnaivw is 
to stretch or draw along, temo could answer to our 
draught-pole. 

474.] Hirundo. Here is a great change. 
XeAtSofos was transposed to x^^ovos, whence 
XiAeNSoVos, as fxaNOdvw, (TKaNSaAou, spleNdeo, saN- 
cio. Hence hilendinis, as Xopros, Hortus ; and 
hilundinis, as suggrUndium a suggerEndo, cata- 
pUlta from KaTa7rEAT7?s, vEUo vUlsus. Finally 
hirundinis, as cceRuleus for cceLuleus, seRia from 
a-rjAia, vaRius from PaAios. 

475.] Esca. Edo, esum, whence esica, as Ma- 
nica, Modica ; then esca. 



492 
589 
595 
640 
death. 
662.] 



Incita. Cio 1.42. So IncXto. 
Cereus. Ki)p6s, cera, as Aavos, Lana. 
Prospicio. See Aspicio 1. 34. 
Oppeto. That is, mortem, to meet one's 
Like Obeo mortem, and Obitus. 
Utrinque. See on utergue 2. 61. For 



utrimque, the I resembling that in Hinc, Illinc, and 
Im the old accusative of Is. 

687] Actus. Ab ago, actum. As our word 
Impulse from Pello. 

725.] Examen. See on 7. 67. 

733.] Subsidium. From subsedeo. A body of 
reserve sitting or lying by. Compare Insidice. 

762.] Minitor. Minor 1. 162. As Jacto, 
Jactito. 

766.] Oleaster. From olea, as Surdaster and 
our Poetaster. 

794.] Indiges, Indigetis. Riddle : ' From 
indu i. e. in, and yew, yelva), yiuoixai.' Rather, eV8oi> 
and yeca. Or what is more complete, for iuSoycvrjs 
like avOijeuris: hence by contraction indiges, and 
gen. indigetis, as Teres, Teretis. It may be thought 
that the genitive should be indigeNis ; but similarly 
Regens, Regentis, after making Regs, Rex, made 
Regis, not Regntis, Rentis. I, as Ae'yO^e?, leglmus. 
— Or indigenus existed as well as indigena ; then 
indiges. — Others consider indiges as short for in- 
dugens i. e. indu agens, i. e. in regione agens vitam, 
as Gr. £yx<l>pios, 4ut6ttios. Others from indigeto, to 
invoke, deduced by some from inde, cito, to call 
upon ; but the E falls in such cases into I as dvE/xos, 
animus, and not the reverse. Indigeto may rather 
be from indiges, etis, as Veneror from Venus. — 
After all, indigetis may be better formed from a 
word ivddyeros or ivSvyeros formed like r-n\v- 
yeros. 

820.] Majestas. From major, as Honor," 
Honestas. 

846.] Mecera. Meyaipa. 

880.] Conditio. The nature or quality under 
which things are (condita) framed. Thus Ulpian : 
Natura rerum conditum est ut plura sint negotia 
quam vocabula. 

891.] Tete. We might suppose it formed 
like Sese ; but it is from tute, and this from tv re, 
as Iste is "Oo-re. Otherwise from tu iste; the ac- 
cusative not changing the last syllable. 

898.] Lis. From %pis, 'pis, and for necessary 
euphony lis. Thus Rixo is from ipifa, ep|w, 'pi|cD : 
and liLium from AeiPiov. In the language of Ovid, 
when deriving Lemuria from Remuria : ' Aspera 
mutata est in lenem tempore longo Litera, quae toto 
nomine prima fuit.' 



TA eEG AOEA. 



INDEX OF WORDS. 



When no Book of Virgil is stated, it is to be understood that the First is intended. 



A 19. Ab 1. Abdo 60. Abies 2. 16. Abluo 2. 
720. Abnuo 4. 108. Aboleo 720. Absens 4. 83. 
Abunde 7. 552. Ac. 54. Acanthus 649. Ac- 
cendo 29. Accipiter 11. 721. Accio 12. 38. Ac- 
clinis 10. 835. acer 220. acer 2. 112. Acerbus 

5. 49. Acerra 5. 745. Acervus 4. 402. Acies 
489. Aclis 7. 730. Acta 5. 613. Actus, us 12. 
687. Actutum 9. 255. Acus 9. 582. Acuo 45. 
Acutus45. Ad 10. Adamas 6. 552. Addo 268. 
Adeo 567. Adhuc 567. Adoleo 704. Adolesco 
12. 438. Ador, Adorea 7. 109. Adoro 48. Ad- 
vena 4. 591. Adulter 6. 612. Adultus 431. 
Adytum 2. 115. iEdes 2. 16. iEger 208. iEgis 
8. 354. iEmulus 5. 187. JEolus 52. iEqualis 10. 
703. iEquor 29. JEquus 193. Aer 300. iEreus 
448. iEs448. ^stas265. JEstus 107. ^Etas 283. 
^tenuis 36. JEther 90. ^Ethra 3. 585. JEvum 
121. Affatim 123. Affecto 3. 670. Affligo 452. 
Age 627. Ager343. Agger 112. Aggerc-4. 197. 
Agito2. 421. Agmen 82. Agnosco 2. 423. Agnus 
635. Ago 117. Ahenus213. Aio 142. Ala 301: 
and 4. 121. Alacer 5. 380. Albus3. 120. Alecto 
7.341. Ales 394. Alga 7. 590. Alienus 4. 311. 
Aliquis463. Aliter 399. Alius 213. Alluo 8. 149. 
Almus 306. Alo 3. 50. Altare 2. 550. Alter 544. 
Alternor 4. 287. Altrix 3. 273. Altus 3. Alveus 

6. 412. Alumnus 6. 595. Alvus 2. 51. Am- 
412. Amaracus 693. Amarus 4. 233. Ambages 
342. Ambeo 4. 283. Ambesus 3. 257. Ambiguus 
661. Ambo 458. Ambustus 12. 298. Amens 2. 
314. Amentum 9. 665. Amicio, Amictus 412. 
Amicus 486. Amnis 2. 496. Amo. 171. Amce- 
nus 5. 734. Amplexus 687. Amplus 683. An 
329. Anas 105. Anceps 3. 47. Ancbora 169. 
Ancile 7. 188. Anfractus 11. 522. Ango 8. 260. 
Anguis 2. 204. Angustus 2. 332. Anhelitus 5. 
199. Anilis 6. 641. Anima 98. Animal 3. 147. 
Animus 11. Annuo 250. Annus 31. Ansa 49. 
Anser 8. 655. Ante 95. Antennae 3. 549. An- 
tiquus 12. Antrum 52. Anus 4. 641. Aper 324. 
Aperio 107. Apex 2. 683. Apis 2. 683. Apiscor 
430. Apello, are 5. 540. Apricus 5. 128. Apto 
425. Aptus 4. 482. Apud 4. 539. Aqua 105. 
Aquila 11. 752. Aquilo 102. ,-Aquilus 102. Ara 
49. Aratrum 5. 755. Arbiter 96. Arbor 190. 



Arbustum 10.363. fArbutum 11.65. Arcanus 
262. Arceo 300. Arcesso 5. 746. Arctos 6. 16. 
Arcturus 744. Arctus, adj. 293. Arcus 186. Ar- 
deo 423. Arduus 2. 328. Arena, 107. Area 175. 
Argentum 359. Argumentum 7. 791. Arguo 4. 
13. Argutus 7. 14. Aridus 175. Aries 2. 492. 
Arieto 11. 890. Arista 7. 720. Arma I. Armen- 
tum 185. Armus 6. 881. Aro 2. 780. Arrectus 
152. Ars 455. Artus 173. Arvina 7. 627. 
Arundo 4. 73. Aruspex 8. 498. Arvum 246. 
Arx 20. Asciverim 11. 472. Asperl4. Aspergo 

3. 534. Aspernor 11. 106. Aspicio 393. Assi- 
duus 4. 248. Ast 46. Astrum 287. Astu 10. 
522. Asylum 2. 761. At 46. Atavus 7. 56. 
Ater 60. Atque 7. Atrium 726. Atrox 662. 
Attonitus 3. 172. Avarus 363. Auctor 2. 150. 
Audax 4. 615. Audeo 452. Audio 20. Avena 
363. Aveo363. Avernus 5. 732. Aufero 4. 389. 
Augeo 7. 111. Augur 392. Augustus 7. 153. 
Avidus 363. Avis 4. 254. Avitus 7. 169. Avius 
2. 736. Aula 140. Aura 59. Auriga 5. 146. 
Auris 151. Aurora 751. Aurum 349. Ausculto 
152. Auspex 3. 20. Auster 51. Ausus 452. 
Ant 49. Autem 2. 203. Autumnus 6. 309. 
Avunculus 3. 343. Avus 2. 457. Auxilium 358. 
Axis 2. 512. 

Bacca 655. Bacchor 3. 125. Balo 7. 538. 
Balteus 5. 313. Barathrum 3. 421. Barba 2. 277. 
Barbaricus 2. 504. Barbarus 539. Beatus 94. 
Bellua 6. 287. Bellum 5. Bellus 169. Bene 4. 
317. Benignus 304. Beo 94. Bibo 473. Bidens 

4. 57. Bigse 2. 272. Bilix 12. 375. Bipennis 2. 
479. Bis 71. Blandus 670. Bonus 195. Boreas 
12. 365. Bos 2. 306. Brachium 2. 792. Bractea 
6. 209. Brevis 111. Bruma 2. 472. Bubo 4. 462. 
Buccina 7.519. Bulla 9.359. Bustum 11.201. 
Buxum 7. 382. 

Cacumen 3. 274. Cadaver 8. 264. Cado 154. 
Caduceus 502. Caducus 6. 481. Cadus 6. 228. 
Csecus 349. Caedo 429. Csesaries 590. Caestus 

5. 69. Calamus 10. 140. Calathus 7. 805. Caleo 
417. Caligo 2. 606. Callis 4. 405. Caltha 395. 
Calx 5. 324. Caminus 3. 580. Campus 97. Can- 
deo 566. Canis 3. 432. Canistrum 701. Cano 1. 
Cantus 398. Canus292. Caper 3. 221. Capesso 



INDEX. 



91 



77. Capio 123. Capulas 2. 553. Caput 116. Car- 
basus 3. 357. Career 54. Carchesia 5. 77. Cardo 
449. Careo 2. 44. Carina 2. 23. Carmen 3. 288. 
Carpo388. Cams 24. Cassis 11. 774. Cassus 2. 
85. Castigo 4. 407. Castra 472. Castus 3. 409. 
Casus 9. Cateia 7. 741. Catena 6. |558. Caterva 
497. Catulus 2. 357. Cauda.3. 428. Caveo 350. 
Caverna 2. 53. Caula 9. 60. Caulis 12. 413. Cau- 
rus 5. 126. Causa 8. Cautes 3. 534. Cautus 
350. Cavus 81. Cedo 159. Cedrus 713. Ce- 
lebro 735. Celer 187. Celero 357. Cella 433. 
Cello 56. Celo 351. Celsus 56. Censeo 6. 682. 
Centum 272. Cera 12. 589. Cerebrum 5. 413. 
Cerno 258. Cernuus 10. 894. Certo 548. Certus 
62. Cervix 402. Cervus 184. Cespes 3. 304. 
Cesso 672. Cete 5. 822. Cetra 7. 732. Ceu 2. 
355. Chlamys 3. 484. Chorea 6. 644. Chorus 
499. Cieo 541. Cingo 112. Cinis2.431. Cio 
142. Circenses 8. 636. Circum 32. Circus 5. 
109. Cithara 7. 40. Citus 142. Civis 2. 42. 
Clades 2. 361. Clam 350. Clamo 87. Clangor 
2. 313. Clarus 284. Classicum 7- 637. Classis 
39. Claudo 140. Claudus 5. 278 Claustrum 
56. Clavus 5. 177. Clemens 2. 602. Cliens 6. 
609. Clivus 251. Clypeus 2. 227. Coelo 640. 
Ccelumll. Coenum 6. 296. Coepi 521. Coerceo 
6.439. Ccerulus 2. 381. Ccetus 398. Cognomen 
267. Cognosco 2. 423. Cogo 563. Cohors 3. 
563. Collis 419. Collum 654. Colo 16. Co- 
lonus4. 626. Color 4. 558. Coluber 2. 471. Co- 
lumba 2. 516. Columna 428. Colus 7. 805. 
Coma 319. Comes 312. Cometa 10. 272. Comi- 
niis 7. 553. Comitor 312. Commendo 2. 293. 
Commodus 2. 393. Communis 2. 573. Como, 
ere 6. 48. Compages 122. Compello are 581. 
Compes 2. 146. Complector 694. Compleo 215. 
Con 5. Concha 6. 171. Concilio 79. Concilium 3. 
679. Conditio 12. 880. Confercio 2. 347. Con- 
festim 9. 231. Confligo 2. 417. Conjugium, Con- 
jux 47. Conor 2. 792. Consessus 5. 340. Con- 
silium 281. Constituo 309. Consul 7. 613. 
Consulo281. Contemplor416. Contentus5.314. 
Contiguus 10.457. Continuo 3. 196. Contra 13. 
Contrarius 239. Contus 5. 208. Convexus 310. 
Convivium 638. Conus 3. 468. Copia 520. Co- 
pula 520. Coquo 7. 345. Cor. 50. Coram 520. 
Cornu 190. Cornus 9. 698. Corona 655. Cor- 
pus 70. Cortex 3. 33. Cortina 3. 92. Corus 5. 
126. Corusco, Coruscus, 164. Cos, cotis 7. 627. 
Costa 211. Cras 4. 118. Crassus 5. 469. Cra- 
tera 724. Crates 7. 633. Creber85. Credo 218. 
Cremo 4. 453. Creo 6. 367. Crepido 10. 653. 
Crepo 738. Cresco 3. 46. Crimen 6o. Crinis 
480. Crispo 313. Crista 468. Crocus 649. 
Crudelis 221. Crudus 5. 69. Cruentus, Cruor 
471. Crus 11. 639. Cubile 3. 324. Cubitus 4. 
690. Cubo 79. Cudo 174. Cujus 733. Culmus 



2.290. Culter 6. 248. Cultus 3. 591. Ciim 37- 
Cum 47. Cumbo 79. Cumulo 105. Cunae 3. 
105. Cunctus 154. Cuneus 5. 664. Cupio 2. 
108. Cupressus 2. 714. Cur 408. Cura 208. 
Curia 7. 174. Currus 17. Curtus 3. 33. Curvus 
2.51. Cuspis81. Custos564. Cyclades, 3. 127. 
Cycnus 393. Cymba, 6. 303. Cymbia 3. 66. 
Cyparissus 3. 680. 

Damnum 4. 699. Dapis 210. De 37. Dea 17. 
Debeo 2. 538. Debilis 5. 271. Decern 2. 198. 
Deceo 429. Declaro 5. 246. Declino 4. 185. 
Decorus 589. Decus 429. Dedi 62. Defendo 2. 
292. Defieio 2. 505. Dego 4. 551. Deinde 195. 
Delphinus 3. 428. Delubrum 2. 225. Demens 2. 
94. Demo 2. 775. Denique 2. 70. Deni 381. 
Dens 138. Densus 2. 383. Desero, Deserta 384. 
Desidia 9. 615. Destino 2. 122. Desuetus 722. 
Deterior 8. 326. Deus 6. Dexter, Dextra, 98. 
Di- 43. Diana 499. Dicis 4. 341. Dico, are 
73. Dico, ere 81. Dido 7. 144. Difficilis4. 694. 
Dignor, Dignus, 335. Diluvium, 7. 228. Dirigo 
401. Dirimo 5. 467. Dirus 293. Disco 630. 
Discrimen 204. Discrimino 11. 144. Ditio 236. 
Diu 351. Dius 46. Divido 197. Divinus 403. 
Divortium 9. 379. Divus 46. Do 5. Doceo 332. 
Doctus 6. 292. Doleo 9. Dolo 7. 664. Dolus 
130. Dominor 282. Dominus 282. Domo 2. 
440. Domus 140. Donee 273. Donicum 273. 
Donum 447. Dos 7. 423. Dotalis 4. 104. Draco 
2. 225. Dubito 3. 170. Dubius 218. Duco 19. 
Dudum 580. Dulcis 166. Dum 5. Dumus 4. 
526. Duo 2. 213. Duplex 93. Duro, Durus 207. 
Dux 533. 

E 34. Ea 49. Ebrius 73. Eber 59J. Ecce 2. 
57. Ecquis 3. 341. Edax 2. 758. Edo 2. 758. 
Edo 5. 799. Effigies 2. 167. Effcetus 7. 440. 
Egeo 384. Ego 46. Fgregius 445. Eia 4. 569. 
Ejus 733. Electrum 8. 402. Elephantus 3. 464. 
Elido 3. 567. Eluo 6. 742. Emo 216. En 461. 
Enim 19. Ensis 2. 155. Eo 10. Eous 489. 
Epulae 79. Equidem 238. Equus 156. Eram 
33. Erebus 426. Erga 663. Ergo 663. Erin- 
nys 2. 337. Erro 32. Eructo 3. 632. Erudio 
9. 203. Ervum 108. Esca 12. 475. Est 64. 
Et3. Etiam 461. Eumenides 4. 469. Evoe 7. 
389. Ex 34. Examen 7. 67. Excello 12. 250. 
Excelsus 5. 35. Excidium 22. Excito 2. 594. 
Excutio 115. Execror 3. 273. Exemplum 11. 
758. Exeo (with ace) 11. 750. Exerceo 431. 
Exercitus 2. 415. Exerto 3. 425. Exertus 492. 
Exiguus 4. 212. Exilium 2. 638. Eximo 6. 746. 
Eximius 7. 496. Exin 6. 890. Exinde 6. 743. 
Exitium 2. 31. Exitus 2. 554. Exosus 5. 687. 
Expecto 2. 283. Expedio 178. Experior 202. 
Expers 4. 550. Expleo 270. Exploro 77. Exta 
4. 64. Extemplo 92. Exter 4. 350. Extinguo 2. 
585. Extorris 4. 616. Extra 2. 33. Extremus 



92 



INDEX. 



219. Extrico 6. 27. Exul 3. 11. Exulto 2. 470. 
Exuo 690. Exuviae 2. 275. 

Eaber 2. 46. Fabrico 2. 46. Fabrilis 8. 415. 
Faoesso 4. 295. Facies 658. Facilis 445. Facio 
58. Factum 351. Falarica 9. 705. Fallo 688. 
Falsus 407. Falx 4. 513. Fama 287. Fames 
216. Famulus 701. Fandi 520. Fanum 6. 258. 
Far 4. 402. Farcio 2. 347. Farina 4. 486. Fas 
77. Fascino 427. Fascis 6. 818. Fastigium 
342. Fastus 3. 326. Fatior 2. 77. Fatigo 280. 
Fatim 123. Fatisco 123. Fatum 2. Faustus 5. 
635. Faux 2. 358. Faveo 735. Favilla 3. 573. 
Fax 150. Faxo 9. 154. Fel 8. 220. Felix 330. 
Fello 2. 72. Femen, Femur 10. 344. Fendo 2. 
72. Fenestra 2. 482. Fera 308. Feralis 4. 462. 
Fere 3. 135. Feretrum 6. 222. Ferio 103. Fero. 
6. Ferox 263. Ferugo 9. 582. Ferrum 293. 
Fertilis 9. 136. Fervio 436. Ferus 2. 51. Fessus 
157. Festino 2. 373. Festus 249. Fetus 51. 
Fibra 6. 600. Fibula 4. 139. Fidelia 113. Fides, 
ei 292. Fides, ium 6. 120. Fiducia 132. Fidus, 
113. Figo44. Figura 6. 449. Filius 325. Fi- 
lum 6. 30. Fimus 5. 333. Findo 5. 142. Fingo, 
2. 80. Finis 199. Finitimus 6. 378. Fio 724. 
Firmus 2. 481. Flagellum 5. 579. Flagito 2. 
124. Flagro 710. Flamen 4. 241. Flamma 44. 
Flavus 592. Flecto 156. Fleo 2. 271. Flictus, 
Fligo 452. Flo 83. Floreo, 8. 481. Flos 430. 
Fluctus 66. Fluito 10. 306. Flumen 465. Fluo 
320. Fluvius 607. Focus 3. 134. Fodio 427. 
Fcecundus 6. 598. Foedus, a, um 2. 55. Fcedus, 
eris, 62. Fcemina 364. Fceteo 2. 55. Foetus, a, 
um 51. Foetus, us 432. Folium 175. Fons 244. 
For 2. Forceps 8. 453. Fore 235. Foris 449. 
Forma 27. Formica 4. 402. Formido 2. 76. 
Fornax 7. 636. Formix 6. 631. Foro 10. 485. 
Fors 151. Forsan 203. Forsitan 2. 506. For- 
tasse, Fortassis 10. 548. Forte 151. Fortis 96. 
Fortuna 240. Fortunatus 437. Forum 5. 758. 
Forus 4. 605. Fossa 7. 157. Foveo 18. Fraeno 
54. Fragmen 9, 569. Fragor 154. Fragro 436. 
Frango 104, Frater 130. Fraus 4. 355. Fraxi- 
nus 6. 181. Frendo 3. 664. Frequens 707. 
Fretum 557. Fretus 4. 245. Frigus 92. Frons, 
dis 191. Frons, tis 166. Fruges 178. Frumen- 
tum 4. 406. Fruor 3. 352. Frustra 392. Frus- 
trum, 211. Fuam 10. 108. Fucus 435. Fuga 
137. Fugio 474. Fugo 143. Fui 12. Fulcio 4. 
247. fulcrum 6. 604. Fulgeo, 402. Fulmen 
230. fulvus 275. Fumus 2. 609. Funale 727. 
Funda 9. 586. Fundamentum 428. Funditus 6. 
736. Fundo, are 4. 260. Fundo, ere 98. Fundus 
2. 419. Funestus 7. 322. Fungor 6. 83. Funis 
2. 239. Funus 232. Fur 2. 18. Furo 41. Furor 
151. Furtim 2. 18. Fuscus 7. 408. Futilis 11. 
339. Futurus 210- 

G^SUM 8. 662. Galea 101. Galerus 7. 688. 



Gaudeo 502. Gaza 119. Gelidus, Gelu, 2. 12u. 
Geminus, 162. Gemma 655. Gena 4. 644. Gener 
2. 344. Genialis 6. 603. Genitor 155. Genius 
7. 136. Gens 17. Genu 320. Genus 6. Ger- 
manus 346. Germen 2. 228. Gero 24. Gesto 
336. Glacies 3. 285. Gladius 9. 769. Glans 7. 
686. Glaucus 6. 416. Gleba 531. Glisco 12. 9. 
Globus 3. 574. Glomero 500. Gloria 2. 83. Gra- 
dior 172. Gradus 172. Gramen 2. 471. Grandis 
121. Grando4. 120. Grates 600. Gratia 4. 539. 
Grator 4. 478. Gratus 2. 269. Gravis 126. Gre- 
mium 685. Gressus 401. Grex 445. Grus 10. 

265. Guberno 3. 269. Gurges 118. Gusto 473. 
Gutta 3. 28. Guttur 6. 421. Gyrus 5. 85. 

Habeo 16. Habilis 318. Habito 3. 110. Ha- 
bitus 315: and 8. 723. Haereo 476. Haeres 4. 
274. Halo 417. Hamus 3. 467. Hanc 6. 340. 
Harpy ia 3. 212. Hasta 313. Hastile 313. Haud 
327. Haurio 738. Hebes 2. 605. Hei 2. 274. 
Herba 214. Heros 196. Herus 3. 324. Hesperia 
530. Hesternus 8. 543. Heu 2. 289. Hie, Hie 
17. Hinc 131. Hio 106. Hircus, Hirsutus, Hir- 
tus 10. 869. Hisco 106. Hispidus 10. 210. Hoc 
17. Hodie 2. 670. Hoedus 9. 668. Homo 65. 
Honestus 12. 155. Honor 28. Hora3. 512. Hor- 
reo 165. Hortor 2. 33. Hortus 465. Hospes 
299. Hostia 334. Hostis 378. Hue 170. Hujus 
733. Humanus 542. Humecto 465. Humerus 
318. Humidus 2. 8. Humilis 3. 522. Humo, 
are 6. 161. Humor 465. Humus 193. Hunc 6. 
340. Hyacinthus 11. 69. Hyades 744. Hybernus 

266. Hyems 122. Hymenaeus 651. 

Jaceo 99. Jacio 3. Jacto (to boast) 6. 815. 
Jactura 2. 646. Jaculor 42. Jam 18. Janitor 6. 
400. Janua 2. 493. Janus 2. 493. Iaspis 4. 261. 
Ibi 116. Ibidem 116. Ico, Ictus 2. 554. Id 23. 
Idem 3. 60. Jecur 6. 598. Igitur 4. 537. Ig- 
narus 198. Ignavus 435. Ignis 42. Ignobilis 
149. Ignominia 248. Ignotus 359. Ilex 3. 390. 
Ilia 7. 499. Ilicet 2. 424. Ille 3. Illustris 6. 
758. Illuvies 3. 593. Imago 353. Imber 259. 
Imbuo 7. 542. Imitor 353. Immanis 110. Im- 
mensus 2. 185. Immineo 165. Immo 753. Im- 
molo 10. 519. Immunis 12. 559. Impedio 178. 
Impensa 11. 228. Impensius 12. 20. Imperium 
54. Impetus 2. 74. Impleo215. Imploro 4. 617. 
Imus 84. In 34. In- (not) 27. Inanis 80. 
Incassum 3. 345. Incendo 566. Incesto 6. 150. 
Incipio 721. Incitus 12. 492. Inclino 4. 185. 
Inclytus 2. 82. Incolumis 428. Incus 7. 629. 
Incuso 410. Indago, are, in is 4. 121. Inde 275. 
Indicium 2. 84. Indigena 8. 314. Indiges, etis 
12. 794. Indignor 55. Indoles 10. 826. Induo 
684. Inermis 487. Iners 2. 364. Infandus 251. 
Infans 6. 427. Infensus 2. 72. Inferise 9. 215. 
Infernus 3. 386. Infestus 2. 529. Infit 5. 708. 
Infula 2. 430. Ingens 99. Ingruo 2. 301. In- 



INDEX. 



93 



guen 10. 589. Inimicus 67. Iniquus 668. In- 
juria 27. Inolesco 6. 738. Inquilinus 19. Inquio 
321. Insidise 754. Instar2. 15. Instauro 2. 451. 
Instigo 5. 228. Instruo 638. Insulto 2. 330. In- 
teger 2. 638. Intemeratus 2. 143. Inter 107. 
Interiruo 10. 428. Interior 637. . Interluo 3. 419. 
Interpres 3. 359. Intervallum 5. 320. Intimus 
243. Intra 2. 33. Intro, are 3. 219. Intus 167. 
Invenio 2. 797. Invergo 6. 244. Invidia 2. 90. 
Invisus 28. Invito 5. 292. Invitus 2. 402. In- 
vius 537. Inundo 10. 24. Io 7. 400. Jovis 42. 
Ipse 42. Ira 11. Irrito 4. 178. Irritus 2. 459. 
Is 40. Iste 12. 891. Ita 2. 147. Item 2. 203. 
Iter 370. Iterum 2. 770. Juba 2. 206. Jubar 4. 
130. Jubeo 63. Jucundus 6. 363. Judex 6. 431. 
Jugalis 4. 16. Jugo 345. Jugulo 12. 214. Ju- 
gulum 10. 415. Jugum (bench) 6. 411. (moun- 
tain) 498. (yoke) 8. 148. Jungo 73. Jupiter 
223. Jurgium 10. 95. Juro 4. 426. Jus (brotb) 
293. (law) ib. Justus 508. Juvencus, 3. 247. 
Juvenis 321. Juvo 203. Juxta 2. 513. 

Labes 2. 97. Labo 2. 463. Labor 10. Labor 
147. Labrum 8. 22. Lac 3. 66. Lacero 3. 41. 
Lacertus 5. 141. Lacesso 5.429. Lacryma 228. 
Lacuna, Lacunar 726. Lacus 2. 135. Lsedo 8. 
Lsena 4. 262. Lsetus 35. Lsevus 611. Lambo 2. 
211. Lamentor 2. 4. Lamina 163. Lampas 3. 
637. Languesco 9. 436. Lanio, Lanius 6. 494. 
Lanugo 10. 324. Lanx 8. 284. Lapsus 394. 
Laquear 726. Lar 465. Lassus 2. 739. Latebra 
2. 55. Lateo 108. Later 163. Latex 686. Latro 
5. 257. Latus (borne) 163. (broad) 163. Lavo 3. 
663. Laurus, Laus 461. Lautus 8. 361. Laxus 
63. Lebes 3. 466. Lectus 4. 496. Legatus 8. 
143. Legio 7. 681. Lego, are 7. 774. Lego, ere 
143. Lemuria 12. 898. Lenis 451. Lentus 3. 
31. Leo 2. 722. Lepus 9. 563. Letum 2. 134. 
Levis 5. 91. Levis 147. Levo 145. Lex 507. 
Libens 3. 438. Liber, a, um 6. 821. Liber, eri 6. 
805. Libet3. 438. Libo256. Libro 5. 479. LI- 
bum 7. 109. Liceor 237. Licet 551. Licet 6. 
400. Licium 3. 467. Lictor 740. Lignum 2. 45. 
Ligo, are 169. Lilium 6. 709. Limbus 4. 137. 
Limen 389. Limes 2. 697. Limus, a, um 5. 16. 
Limus, i. 2. 135. Lingua 661. Linquo517. Lin- 
teum 3. 686. Linum ib. Liqueo, Liquor 432. 
Litera3. Lito 2.118. Littus 3. Lituus 6. 167. 
Liveo 6. 320. Lix 432. Locus 51. Longinquus 
3.415. Longus 13. Loquor 731. Lorica 3. 467. 
Lorum 156. Lubens 3. 438. Lubricus 2. 474. 
Luceo 306. Luctor 53. Luctus 2. 12. Lucus 
441. Ludibrium 6. 75. Ludo 352. Lues 3. 139. 
Lugeo 2. 12. Lugubris 10. 273. Lumen 226. 
Luna 490. Luo 136. Lupus 275. Lustro 453. 
Lustrum 283 ; and 3. 647. Luxo 637. Luxus 
6i7. Lympha701. Lymphor 7. 377. Lynx 323. 

Macer 3. 590. Machina 2. 46. Macies 3. 



590. Macte 9. 641. Macto 2. 202. Macula 323. 
Madeo 4. 216. Magalia 421. Magicus 4. 493. 
Magis 15. Magister, 115. Magistratus 426. 
Magnus 55. Majestas 12. 820. Major 545. Mala 
257. Malignus 5. 654. Malo 4. 108. Malum, 
Malus 198. Malus 5. 489. Mamilla 4. 486. 
Mamma 492. Mando, are 3. 627. Mando, ere 
2. 293. Mane 137. Maneo 26. Manes 3. 63. 
Manica 2. 146. Manifestus 2. 309. Maniplus 11. 
463. Mano 3. 43. Mantile 702. Manus 187. 
Mappa 702. Mare 32. Maritus 3. 297. Marmor 
4. 392. Mars 274. Mas 3. 207. Massa 8. 453. 
Mater 314. Materies 11. 328. Maturus 137. 
Mavis 10. 43. Maximus 654. Me 37. Medeor, 
Medicus 7. 772. Meditor 674. Medius 109. 
Megsera 12. 846. Mel 432. Melior281. Mem- 
brum 92. Memini 203. Memor 4. Memoro 8. 
Mendax 2. 80. Mens 26. Mensa 216. Men- 
sis 269. Mensus 2. 181. Mentior 2. 422. 
Mentum 4. 216. Meo 2. 95. Merces, Mer- 
cor 367. Mereor, 74. Mergo 40. Mergus 5. 
128. Meritum 74. Merus, Merum 729. Merx 
367. Meta 278. Metallum 6. 144. Metior 2. 
181. Meto4. 513. Metuo 23. Meus 133. Mico, 
Mica 90. Migro 4. 401. Mihi 8. Miles 2. 7. 
Mille 491. Mina273. Minae 4. 88. Mineo501. 
Minimus 6. 97. Minister, Ministro 705. Minor, 
ari 162. Minor, us 532. Miror 354. Misceo 124. 
Miser 111. Miseror 597. Missile 9. 520. Mi 
tigo 5. 783. Mitis 291. Mitra 4, 216. Mitto 
125. Mobilis 4. 175. Modo 389. Modus 354. 
Moenia 7. Moereo 197. Moestus 202. Mola 4. 
517. Moles 33. Molior 414. Mollis 57. Moneo 
203. Monile 654. Mons 55. Monstro 321. 
Monstrum 2. 171. Monumentum 3. 102. Mora 
414. Morbus 6. 275. Mordeo 169. Morior 2. 
317. Mors 91. Morsus 169. Mortalis328. Mos 
264. Moveo 126. Mox 3. 274. Mucro 2. 333. 
Mugio 2. 223. Mulceo 66. Mulciber 8. 724. 
Mulcto 11. 839. Mulgeo 11. 572. Mulier 7. 661. 
Multo 11. 839. Mundus, a, um 3. 228. Mundus, 
i 3. 288. Munio 271. Munus 7. Murex 4. 262. 
Murmur 55. Murus 7. Musa8. Musco 11.345. 
Mustek 702. Mutio 11. 345. Muto 658. Mutus 

4. 279. Mutuus 10. 755. Myrrha 12. 100. Myr- 
tus 3. 23. 

Nam 65. Nanciscor 7. 511. Nares 6. 497. 
Narro 2. 549. Nascor 256. Nata 256. Nato 3. 
625. Natura 10. 366. Navifragus 3. 553. Na- 
vigo 67. Navis 120. Nauta 3. 207. Nauticus 3. 
128. Ne 11. Nebula 412. Nee 25. Necdum 
25. Necesse 3. 478. Neco 2. 85. Nectar 433. 
Necto 449. Nefandus 543. Nefas 77. Nego 2. 
78. Nemo 5. 305. Nemus 165. Neo 10. 818. 
Nepos 2. 194. Neque 713. Nequeo 713. Nervus 

5. 502. Nescio 299. Neu 413. Nex 2. 85. Ni 
58. Nideo 2. 313. Nidor 12. 301. Nidus 5. 214. 



94 



INDEX. 



Niger 4S9. Nihil 287. Nimbus 51. Nimirum 3. 
558. Nimius 4. 657. Nisi 58. Niteo 228. Nitor 
144. Niveus 4(59. Nix 469. Nixus 3. 37. No 
118. Nobilis 149. Noceo 41. Nodus 296. Nolo 

4. 108. Nomen 248. Non 98. Nondum 3. 109. 
Nos 132. Nosco 149. Noster 2. 149. Nota 3. 
444. Nothus 7. 283. Noto 3. 515. Notus 85. 
Novem 245. Noverca 7. 765. Novus 298. Nox 
89. Noxa41. Noxius 6. 731. Nubes 42. Nubo 
42. Nudus211. Nullus 184. Num 4. 369. Nu- 
men 48. Numerus 131. Nunc 220. Nunquam 
2. 331. Nuntius 391. Nuper 5. 789. Nurus 2. 
501. Nusquam 2. 438. Nuto 2. 629. Nutrio 176. 
Nutus 7. 592. Nympha 71. 

O 76. Ob 4. Obedio 6. 609. Objex, Obex, 8. 
227. Obitus 4. 694. Obliquus 5. 16. Obliviscor 
2. 146. Obsccenus 3. 241. Obscurus 411. Ob- 
sidio 3. 52. Obsitus 7. 790. Obtrunco 2. 663. 
Obtutus 7. 250. Occulo 312. Oeculto 2. 45. Oc- 
cupo 3. 294. Oceanus 287. Ocrea 7. 634. Oculus 
89. Ocyor 4. 294. Odi 361. Odor 403. Offa 

6. 420. Officium 548. Olea 11. 101. Oleaster 
12. 766. Oleo (to grow) 75. (to smell) 436. 
Oleum 3. 281. Olim 20. Oliva 5. 309. Olor 10. 
187. Olympus 374. Omen 346. Omentum 4. 
216. Omnino 4. 330. Omnis 15. Onero, Onus 
195. Opacus 2. 725. Operor 3. 136. Operio 4. 
352. Opes 14. Opimus 621. Opinor 5. 857. 
Opperior 96. Opportunus 123. Optimus 555. 
Opto 76. Opulentus 447. Opus 436. (need) 6. 
261. Oraculum 2. 114. Orator 7. 153. Orbis 
233. Orbus 11. 216. Orcus 2. 398. Ordior 325. 
Ordo 396. Orea 5. 146. Oreades 500. Orgia 4. 
303. Orichalcum 12. 87. Origo 286. Orior 148. 
Orno 650. Ornus 626. Oro 519. Os, Oris, 95. 
Os, Ossis 660. Osculum 256. Ostendo 206. Os- 
tium 14. Ostrum 639. Otium 4. 271. Ovile 9. 
59. Ovis 3. 360. Ovo 3. 189. 

Pabulum 473. Paciscor 5. 230. Paco 6. 803. 
Paean 6. 657. Palaestra 3. 281. Palam 7. 428. 
Palla 648. Palleo 4. 26. Palma (hand) 93. (oar) 

5. 163. (the tree) 3. 705. (victory) 5. 339. Palor 
5. 265. Palus 6. 107. Pampinus 6. 804. Pa- 
nacea 12. 419. Pando 3. 179. Pango 122. 
Panthera 8. 460. Papilla 11. 803. Par 475. 
Parcae 22. Parcus, Parco 257. Parens 75. Pareo 
118. Paries 2. 442. Pario 75. Parma 2. 175. 
Paro 180. Pars 194. Partior 194. Partus 274. 
Parum 6. 862. Parumper 6. 382. Parvus 2. 213. 
Pasco 186. Passim 2. 364. Passus, adj. 480. 
Passus, subst. 2. 723. Pastor 2. 58. Pateo 298. 
Pater 7. Patera 729. Patior 5. Patria 51. Pa- 
truus 6. 402. Paucus 538. Paulatim 720. Pau- 
lisper 5. 846. Pavo 200. Pavor 2. 229. Pauper 
2. 87. Pax 249. Pecco 9. 140. Pecten 6. Pecto 

7. 489. Pectus 36. Pecus 435. Pelagus 138. 
Pellax 2. 90. Pellis 2. 784. Pello 11. Pelta, 
490. Penates 68. Pendeo, Pendo 106. Pene- 



trale 2. 297. Penetro 243. Penitus 200. Penna 

2. 479. Pensum 8. 412. Penus 704. Penuria 
113. Peplus 480. Per 31. Peragro,384. Per- 
cello 513. Perdo 5. 541. Peregrinus 11. 772. 
Perennis 9. 79. Pereo 2. 428. Perfidus 4. 305. 
Perforo 10. 485. Pergo 372. Periculum 615. 
Perimo 5. 787. Perjurus 2. 195. Pernix 4. 180. 
Pero 7. 690. Perosus 6. 435. Perpetuus 4. 32. 
Perplexus 9. 391. Pertaesus 4. 18. Pes 404. 
Pestis 712. Peto 96. Phalanx 2. 254. Phalera 

5. 310. Pharetra 336. Piaculum 4. 636. Picea 

6. 180. Piceus 3. 573. Pictura 464. Pietas 10. 
Piger 738. Piget 4. 335. Pignus 3. 611. Pila 
9. 711. Pilentum 666. Pilum 7. 664. Pingo 
464. Pinguis 215. Pinna 7. 159. Pinus 3. 659. 
Pio 2. 140. Piscis 4. 255. Pius 10. Pix 378. 
Placeo 2. 659. Placidus 127. Placo 142. Plaga 
(net) 4. 131. (surface) 394. Plaga 7. 383. Plan- 
gor 2. 487. Planta 4. 259. Plaudo 747. Plau- 
strum 11. 138. Plebs 9. 343. Plecto 687. Plenus 
400. Ploro 77. Plico 93. Pluit 10. 807. Pluma 

3. 242. Plumbum 5. 405. Plurimus, Plus 305. 
Pluteus 7. 661. Pluvia 744. Poculum 706. Poena 
136. Poenitet 549. Polio 8. 426. Pollex 11. 68. 
Polliceor 237. Polluo 3. 61. Polus 90. Pomum 

7. 111. Pom pa 5. 53. Pondus 359. Pone 2. 208. 
Pono 49. Pons 8. 650. Pontus 40. Poples 9. 
762. PopulO 527. Populus 21. Populus 5. 134. 
Porgo 8. 274. Porricio 5. 238. Porrigo 6. 597. 
Porrum 50. Porro 5. 600. Porta 83. Portendo 
3. 184. Porticus 2. 528. Portio 83. Portitor 6. 
298. Porto 68. Portus 159. Posco 414. Possum 
38. Post 16. Posterus 16. Posthumus 6. 763. 
Postis 2. 442. Postquam 154. Potens 60. Po- 
testas 3. 670. Potior, adj. 3. 654. verb 172. Potis 
3. 671. Poto 6. 715. Potui 40. Prae 49. Prse- 
beo 461. Praeceps, Praecipito 2. 9. Praecipuus 
220. Praeco 5. 245. Praeda 210. Praedo 7. 
362 Praegnans 7. 320. Praemium461. Praepes 3. 
361. Praesagus 10. 177. Praesens 91. Praesepe 
435. Praeses 11. 483. Praeter 49. Pratum 6. 674. 
Pravus 4. 188. Precor 2. 689. Prehendo 2. 322. 
Premo 54. Prendo 9. 558. Presso 3. 642. Pre- 
tium 4. 212. Pridem 722. Primitiae 11. 16. Pri- 
mus 1. Princeps 488. Principium 2. 752. Prior 
192. Priscus 5. 598. Pristinus 6. 473. Pristis 3. 
427. Pro 23. 469. Probo 4. 112. Probus 2. 80. 
Procax 536. Procella 85. Proceres 740. Procul 
469. Procus 4. 534. Prodeo 6. 199. Prodigium 
3. 366. Proditio 2. 83. Prodo 252. Prcelium 2. 
334. Profanus 6. 258. Profecto 8. 532. Profi- 
ciscor 340. Profundus 58. Proh 4. 590. Pro- 
hibeo 525. Proles 75. Proluvies 3. 217. Promo 
2. 260. Promulgo 55. Pronus 115. Propago 
6. 870. Prope 526. Propero 745. Propinquus 
2. 86. Proprius 73. Propter 4. 320. Prora 104. 
Prosperus 3. 362. Protervus 2. 545. Protinus 2. 
437. Proximus 157. Prudens 3. 433. Pruina, 



INDEX. 



95 



Pruna 5. 103. Puba 12. 413. Pubes 399. Pudet 
4. 27. Puer 267. Pugna 456. Pugnus 673. 
Pulcher 72. Pullulo 7. 329. Pulmo 9. 701. 
Pulvis 478. Pumex 5. 214. Puniceus 5. 269. 
Puppis 69. Purgo 587. Purpura 337. Purus 2. 
590. Puto 2. 43. Putris 8. 596. Putus 2. 43. 
Pyra 4. 494. 

Quadra 7. 115. Quadrifidus 7. 509. Qua- 
drigae 2. 272. Quaero2l7. Quaeso 3. 358. Qualis 
316. Quam 327. Quando 259. Quanquara 2. 12. 
Quare 627. Quartus 3. 205. Quasso 551. Quatio 
115. Quatuor 3. 537. Queo 713. Quercus 3. 
680. Quernus 11. 65. Queror 4. 360. Qui 1. 
Quia 2. 84. Quicunque 78. Quid 9. Quies 205. 
Quingenti 10. 204. Quiui 2. 126. Quinque 7. 
538. Quippe 39. Quis 459. Quisquara 48. 
Quisque 2. 130. Quisquis 387. Quoad 567. 
Quod 24. Quod 2. 180. Quodcunque 78. Quon- 
dam 421. Quoniam 4. 324. Quoque 5. Quot 4. 
181. Quoties 407. Quum 36. 

Rabies 200. Radio 8. 23. Radius 4. 119. 
Radix 3. 27, Rado 3. 700. Ramus 3. 25. Ra- 
pidus 42. Rapina 8. 263. Rapio 28. Rarus 118. 
Rastrum 7. 726. Ratio 2. 314. Raucus 2. 545. 
Re- 26. Recens 417. Reclino 12. 130. Re- 
cludo 358. Recordor 3. 107. Recuso 2. 126. 
Reddo 409. Redeo 2. 275. Redimio, Redimicu- 
lum 3. 81. Redimo 9. 213. Refello 4. 380. Re- 
futo 12. 41. Regina 9. Regio 460. Regius 443. 
Regno 141. Regnum 17. Rego 153. Relego 7. 
775. Religio 2. 151. Reliquiae 30. Remigium 
301. Reminiscor 10. 782. Remus 104. Reor 2. 
25. Repens 586. Reperio 4. 128. Repleo 215. 
Res 178. Resero 7. 613. Reses 722. Respondeo 
585. Restinguo 2. 686. Rete 4. 131. Retinacu- 
lum 4. 580. Retro 2. 169. Reus 5. 237. Rex 21. 
Rideo 254. Rigeo 648. Rigo 692. Rima 123. 
Rimor 6. 599. Ripa 497. Rite, Ritus, 3. 36. 
Rivus 3. 350. Rixa 10. Robur 2. 186. Rogo 
750. Rogus 4. 640. Ros 3. 567. Rosa 402. 
Roscidus 4. 700. Rostrum 5. 143. Rota 147. 
Rubeo 2. 542. Ruber 6. 686. Ructo 10. Rudens 
87. Rudimentum 11. 157. Rudis, adj. 9. 743. 
subst. 9. 174. Ruga 7. 417. Ruina 129. Rumor 
4. 203. Rumpo 105. Ruo 35. Rupes 162. 
Rursus 2. 401. Rus 430. Rutilus 8. 430. 

Sacer, Sacerdos 273. Saepes, Saepio 411. Sa- 
crilegus 7. 595. Saeculum 291. Saepe 148. Saevus 
4. Sagitta 187. Sal 35. Salio 2. 330. Salix 7. 
632. Salmo 217. Salsus 2. 133. Saltern 557. 
Salus 451. Saluto 3. 524. Salveo 5. 80. Sancio 
426. Sanctus 426. Sanguis 19. Sanies 2. 221. 
Sanus 2. 42. Sat, Satio, Satis 2. 103. Sator 254. 
Saturo 5. 608. Satus 2. 306. Saucius 2. 223. 
Saxum 108. Scala 2. 442. Scando 180. Scelus 
347. Scena 164. Sceptrum 57. Scilicet 2. 577. 
Scindo 161. Scintilla 174. Scio 63. Scopulus 
145. Scribo 478. Scrupus 6. 238. Scutum 101. 



Scyphus 8. 278. Se 37. Se- 92. Secius 5. 862. 
Secludo 562. Seco 212. Secretus 2. 299. Se- 
cundus 156. Securis 2. 124. Securus 290. Seeds 
2. 382. Sed 19. Sedeo 56. Sedes 84. Sedile 
167. Seditio 149. Sedo 9. 30. Seges 2. 304. 
Segnis 2. 374. Sella 11. 334. Semel 3. 431. Se- 
men 6. 6. Semi- 244. Semita 418. Semper 
609. Senex 2. 509. Seni 393. Sensus 10. 642. 
Sententia 237. Sentio 125. Sentis 2. 379. Sentus 
6. 462. Seorsum 92. Sepelio 2. 265. Sepes, 
Sepio411. Septem 170. Sepulcrum 2. 542. Se- 
quor 87. Serenus 255. Series 641. Sermo 217. 
Sero 254. Serpens 2. 214. Sertum 417. Serus 

2. 374. Servo 36. Servus 285. Seta 6. 245. 
Seu 218. Severus 8. 638. Sex 9. 272. Si 18. 
Sibi 8 and 273. Sibilo, Sibilus, 2. 211. Sic 22. 
Siccus 2. 358. Sido 572. Sidus 93. Signum 10. 
Sileo 152. Silex 174. Silicernium 10. 894. Sim 
330. Similis 136. Simplex 6. 747. Simul 144. 
Simulacrum 2. 172. Simu'.o 209. Sin 11. 324. 
Sine 133. Singulus 453. Singulto 9. 333. Si- 
nister 2. 443. Sino 18. Sinuo 2. 208. Sinus 161. 
Sisto 37. Sistrum 8. 696. Sitis 4. 42. Situs, us 

3. 451 and 6. 462. Soboles 4. 328. Sobrius 73. 
Socer 2. 457. Socio 600. Socius 194. Sodes 5. 
126. Sol 143. Solemnis, Solennis 2. 202. Soleo 
730. Solidus 2. 639. Solium 506. Sollicitus, So- 
licitus 3. 389. Solor 239. Solum 367. Solus 597. 
Solvo 92. Somnium 5. 840. Somnus 353. Sono 
200. Sonorus 53. Sons 2. 84. Sopio 680. Sopor 
3.173. Sordes 6. 301. Soror 47. Sors 139. Sor- 
tior 9. 174. Sospes 8. 470. Spargo 302. Sparus 
11. 682. Spatium 4. 62. Species 2. 407. Specio 

34. Specimen 12. 164. Specto 12. 15. Specula 3. 
239. Speculor 516. Specus 7. 568. Spelunca 60. 
Sperno 27. Spero, Spes 209. Spica 3. 594. Spi- 
culum 5. 307. Spina 3. 594. Spira 2. 217. Spiro 
371. Spissus 2. 621. Splendeo 637. Spolium 289. 
Sponda 698. Spondeo 585. Sponte 4. 341. Spuma 

35. Spuo 35. Squama 2. 218. Stabilis 73. Sta- 
bulum 2. 499. Stagnum 126. Statio 2. 23. Statuo 
309. Stella 2. 694. Sterilis 3. 141. Sterno 190. 
Stimulus 4. 302. Stipes 3. 43. Stipo 433. Stirps 
626. Sto 71. Stomacbus 9. 699. Strages 6. 504. 
Strata 3. 176. Stratus 422. Strepo 422. Strido 
87. Stringo 552. Struo 638. Studeo 14. Stupa 
2. 236. Stupeo 495. Suadeo 357. Sub 36. Sub- 
(from under) 206. Suber 7. 742. Subitus 88. 
Sublimis 259. Sublustris 9. 373. Subrigo 4. 183. 
Subsidium 12. 733, Subtemen 3. 483. Subter 3. 
695. Sudes 5. 208. Sudo, Sudor 2. 174. Sudus 
8. 529. Suesco 722. Sui 277. Sulcus 425. Sul- 
phur 2. 698. Sultis 4. 462. Sum 378. Sumo 
555. Summa 4. 237. Summus 106. Sumo 2. 
103. Sunt 71. Suo 5. 405. Super 61. Superbus 
21. Supero 244. Superstes 11. 160. Superstitio 
8. 187. Supinus 4. 205. Suppleo 3. 471. Supplex 
49. Supplicium 4. 383. Sura 337. Surgo 206. 



96 






INDEX. 



Sus 635. Suscito 2. 618. Sutilis 6. 414. Suus 
277. Sylva 164. Syrtes 111. 

Tabeo 173. Tabes, Tabum 3. 29. Tabula 2. 
464. Taceo 502. Taeda 4. 18. Taedeo 4. 18. 
Taenia 5. 269. Talare 4. 239. Talentum 5. 112. 
Talis 50. Talus 4. 239. Tarn 538. Tamen 247. 
Tandem 331. Tango 345. Tapetum 7. 277. 
Tardus 746. Taurus 2. 224. Te 74. Tectum 
425. Tegmen, Tego 275. Tela 4. 264. Tellus 

2. 69. Telum 99. Temere, Temero 6. 840. Te- 
metum 273. Temno 542. Temo 12. 470. Tem- 
pestas 53. Templum 416. Tempora 2. 133. 
Tempus 278. Temulentus 2. 725. Tenax 4. 188. 
Tendo 18. Tenebrae 2. 92. Teneo 12. Tener 2. 
406. Tenor 10. 340. Tento 91 and 703. Tento- 
rium 469. Tenuis 2. 791. Tepeo 3. 66. Ter 94. 
Terebintbus 10. 136. Terebro 2. 38. Teres 5. 
313. Tergo 7. 626. Tergum 186. Tergus 211. 
Terminus 287. Terni 266. Tero 4.271. Terra 3. 
Terreo 230. Tertius 265. Tesqua 2. 92. Tes- 
sera 7. 637. Testa 505. Testis 2. 155. Testudo 
505. Tete 12. 891. Teter 3. 228. Texo 649. 
Thalamus 2. 503. Theatrum 427. Thesaurus 
359. Thiasus 7. 581. Tholus 9. 408. Thorax 7. 
633. Thus 417. Thyrsus 7. 390. Tiara 7. 247. 
Tibi 8. Tibia 9. 618. Tibicen 6. 821. Tigris 4. 
367. Timor 202. Tingo 745. Tinnio 9. 809. 
Titubo 5. 332. Toga 282. Tolero 5. 768. Tollo 
66. Tondeo 3. 538. Tonitru 4. 122. Tono 90. 
Tonsa 7. 28. Tormentum 8. 487. Torpeo 9. 499. 
Torqueo 108. Torreo 179. Torris 7. 506. Torus 
708 and 12. 7. Torvus 3. 636. Tot 9. Totidum 

3. 204. Toties 407. Totus 29. Trabea 7. 188. 
Trabs 449. Tracto 339. Tractus 3. 138. Trado 

4. 619. Traho 339. Trajicio 355. Trames 5. 610. 
Trano 4. 245. Tranquillus 2. 203. Trans 44. 
Transtrum 3. 289. Tremo 211. ' Trepidus 2. 380. 
Tres 108. Tribus 7. 708. Tricae 6. 27. Tridens 
138. Trieterica 4. 302. Triginta 269. Trilix 3. 
467. Trinacria 3. 554. Triones 744. Triplex 5. 
119. Tripos 3. 360. Tristis 228. Trivium 4. 
609. Triumphus 2. 578. Tropaeum 10. 542. 
Trucido 2. 494. Trudo 145. Trunco 2. 663. 
Truncus 2. 557. Trux 10. 447. Tu 78. Tuba, 
Tubus, 2. 313. Tueor 164. Tuli 127. Turn 18. 
Tumeo 142. Tumultus 2. 122. Tumulus 2. 713. 
Tunc 335. Tundo 264. Tunica 8. 457. Turba 
191. Turbo (subst.) 45. (verb) 395. Turma 5. 
550. Turpis 2. 400. Turris 2. 445. Tussis 43. 
Tutus 164. Tuus 76. Tympanum 9. 619. Ty- 
rannus 361. 

Uber 531. Ubi 80. Ubique 601. Udus 5. 357. 
Ulciscor 2. 96. Ulcus 156. Ullus 169. Ulmus 



6. 283. Ultimus 2. 248. Ultor 2. 96. Ultra 3. 
480. Ultro 2. 59. Ulula, Ululo 2. 488. Umbo 2. 
546. Umbra 165. Uncia 391. Uncus 169. 
Unda 100. Unde 6. Undique 2. 63. Ungo 4. 
398. Unguis 4. 673. Ungula 8. 596. Unquara 
2.95. Unus 15. Urbs 5. Urgeolll. Urna 6. 
22. Uro 662. Ursus 5. 37. Uspiam, Usquam, 
604. Usque 7. 289. Usus 2. 453. Ut 74. Uter, 
adj. 2. 61. Uterque 2. 61. Uterus 2. 20. Uti 74. 
Utilis 2. 647. Utinam 575. Utor 64. Utrinque 
12. 662. Uxor 4. 266. 

Vacca 4. 61. Vaco373. Vacuus 2. 761. Vado 
2. 265. Vadum 112. Vagina 4. 579. Vagio 6. 
426. Vagor 2. 17. Valeo, Validus 120. Vallis 
186. Vallum 9. 68. Vanus 352. Vapor 5. 683. 
Varius 204. Vas, Vadis 3. 297. Vasto 471. 
Vastus 52. Vates 2. 122. Ve 9. Ve- 546 ; and 
2. 17. Vectis 7. 609. Vehemens 209. Veho 113. 
Vel 82. Velim 733. Velio, Vellus 4. 459. Velo 
2. 249. Velox 4. 174. Velum 35. Vena 4. 2. 
Vendo 484. Venerium 689. Veneo 484. Veneror 
3.34. Venia 519. Venio 2. Venor 319. Venter 
2. 356. Ventus 43. Venundo 484. Vepris 8. 
645. Verbena 12. 120. Verber 3. 423. Verbum 
2. 96. Vereor 671. Vergo 6. 244. Verna 2. 122. 
Verro 59. Verso 657. Vertex 114. Verto 20. 
Veru 212. Verus 405. Vesanus 9. 340. Vescor 
546. Vesper 374. Vesta 292. Vestio 1 32. Ves- 
tibulum 2. 469. Vestigium 2. 711. Vestis 404. 
Veto 39. Vetus 23. Vexo 4. 615. Via 314. 
Viator 5. 275. Vicis 2. 433. Vicinus 3. 382. 
Vicissim 4. 80. Victima 12. 296. Victor 192. 
Victus, us 213. Video 111. Vidua, Viduo 8. 571. 
Vieo 2. 133. Vigeo 2. 88. Vigil 2. 266. Viginti 
634. Vilis 11. 372. Villus 702. Vimen 3. 31. 
Vincio 295. Vinco 37. Vinculum 168. Vindico 
4. 228. Vinum 195. Viola 11. 69. Violt-ntus 6. 
356. Violo 2. 154. Vipera 6. 281. Vir .. Vi- 
rago 12. 468. Vires 214. Vireo 324. Virga 6. 
144. Virgo 315. VirgultumS. 23. Viridis 3. 24. 
Virtus 566. Vis (subst.) 4. Vis (verb) 6. 817. 
Viscera 211. Viscus 6. 205. Viso 415. » ita 388. 
Vitis 7. 179. Vitium 43. Vito 2. 433. Vitrum 

7. 759. Vitta 2. 133. Vitulus 5. 772. Vividus 5. 
754. Vivo 167. Vix 34. Ullus 169. Ulmus 6. 
233. Voco 109. Volo (to fly) 150. (to wish) 303. 
Volucer 317. Volvo 9. Volumen 2. 208. Vo- 
luptas 3. 660. Vomer 7. 635. Vomo 5. 682. 
Vorago 6.296. Vortex 117. Vos 132. Votum, 
Voveo 290. Vox 64. Vulcanus 2. 311. Vulgo 
457. Vulgus 149. Vulnus 36. Vulti, 572. Vul- 
tus 209. Vultur 6. 597. 

Zephyrtjs 131. p 



THE END. 



London : 

Spottiswoodes and Shah^ 

New Street-square. 



i ■ 




